【中考英語(yǔ)】知識(shí)講解

PAGEUnit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.詞句精講精練責(zé)編：劉燕詞匯精講1.cleanupcleanup意為“打掃”，up為副詞，此短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)副型短語(yǔ)，如果賓語(yǔ)為代詞，應(yīng)放在短語(yǔ)中間；如果賓語(yǔ)是名詞，可放于短語(yǔ)之間或兩詞之后。例如：Pleasecleanupthisstreetatonce.請(qǐng)馬上把這條街打掃干凈。Thisstreetisdirty.Pleasecleanitup.這條街道太臟了，請(qǐng)把它打掃干凈。2.cheerupcheerup意為“變得高興，振奮起來(lái)”，是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)。cheerup既可作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。例如：HecheeredupatoncewhenIagreedtohelphim.我同意幫助他時(shí)，他馬上高興起來(lái)。Cheerup!Thenewsisn’ttoobad.振作起來(lái)！這消息不是太壞。Hetookhertothecinematocheerherup.為了讓她高興，他帶她去了電影院。【拓展】(1)cheer作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“歡呼；喝彩”。例如：Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.當(dāng)這位著名的歌手到達(dá)時(shí)，女孩子們大聲歡呼。(2)cheer作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“為……歡呼，高呼”。例如：Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero.全村人都出來(lái)向那位英雄歡呼。(3)cheer作可數(shù)名詞，意為“歡呼聲；喝彩聲”。例如：Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.我們?cè)隗w育場(chǎng)外就能聽(tīng)到學(xué)生的歡呼聲。(4)cheeron意為“為……加油”。例如：Wewillhaveabasketballgamethisafternoon.Wouldyouliketocomeandcheeruson?我們今天下午有一場(chǎng)籃球比賽，你愿意來(lái)為我們加油嗎？3.giveoutgiveout意為“散發(fā)；分發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于handout，是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如：Canyougivethedrinksout,please?請(qǐng)你分發(fā)一下飲料好嗎？【拓展】giveout的不同含義：(1)giveout表示“發(fā)出（光、熱、聲音、氣味等）?！崩纾篢hesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth.太陽(yáng)給大地光和熱。(2)giveout表示“用完；耗盡”。例如：Ourfoodsuppliesbegantogiveout.我們存的糧食要吃完了。4.putoffputoff意為“推遲”，是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如：Theyputoffthematchbecauseoftheheavyrain.因?yàn)榇笥晁麄兺七t了比賽。Pleasedon’tputoffdoingyourhomework.請(qǐng)你們不要拖延做作業(yè)。Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今天的事不要拖到明天辦。【拓展】由put構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)有：putaway將……收起來(lái)puton穿上；上演putdown放下，記下putout熄滅；伸出putback放回原處putup張貼；搭建5.noticenotice在課文中作可數(shù)名詞，意為“公告牌；布告”。例如：Thereisanoticeonthewall,saying“NoParking”.墻上的告示上寫(xiě)著“禁止停車(chē)”。I’llputupanoticeaboutthemeeting.我將會(huì)貼一張會(huì)議通告?！就卣埂?1)notice作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“注意”。例如：Takenoticeofwhattheysay.注意聽(tīng)他們說(shuō)。(2)notice作動(dòng)詞，意為“注意到，留心，看到”。例如：DidyounoticeJackcomein?你注意到杰克進(jìn)來(lái)了嗎？Didyounoticehishandshaking?你注意到他的手在抖嗎？6.lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，帶有較強(qiáng)感情色彩，可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；表示“荒涼的，偏僻的”，用來(lái)說(shuō)明地方，多用作定語(yǔ)。Whenhiswifedied,hewasverylonely.太太死后他非常孤獨(dú)。Theoldmanlivedinthelonelymountainvillage.那個(gè)老人住在荒涼的山村?！就卣埂縧onely與alone的辨析：lonely作形容詞，意為“（人）孤單的，寂寞的”，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)一種主觀的感覺(jué)；alone作形容詞和副詞，意為“獨(dú)自的（地），單獨(dú)的（地）”，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)一種客觀情況。alone作形容詞，在句中只用作表語(yǔ)。例如：Don’tleavemealone.Iwillfeellonely.別留下我一個(gè)人，我會(huì)覺(jué)得孤單的。7.raiseraise是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“籌集”。常用短語(yǔ)：raisesth.forsb./sth.意為“為某人/物而籌集……”。例如：WeraisemoneyforHopeProject.我們?yōu)橄Ｍこ袒I錢(qián)?！就卣埂?1)raise作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“提升，舉起，升起”。例如：raiseone’shand舉手raiseone’sglassestosb.舉杯祝福某人raiseprices漲價(jià)(2)raise作及物動(dòng)詞，還可意為“種植；飼養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)”。例如：Theirfamilyraisedmuchcorn.他們家種了很多玉米。8.repairrepair是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“修理；修補(bǔ)；修繕（房屋等）”。例如：Herepairsoldfurniture.他修理舊家具?！就卣埂縭epair,mend與fix的辨析repair比f(wàn)ix或mend正式，常用來(lái)表示修補(bǔ)破損或有洞的東西。Maryrepairedtheradiojustforthefunofit.瑪麗修理收音機(jī)只是圍欄消遣。mend著重指修補(bǔ)衣服上的洞，道路，屋頂或圍欄等。Mymothermendedclothesformeyesterday.昨天我媽媽為我縫補(bǔ)衣服。fix側(cè)重于“安裝”，有時(shí)也可用作“修理”，常用來(lái)指修理機(jī)器、車(chē)輛等。Theworkersarefixingthemachine.工人們?cè)诎惭b機(jī)器。9.imagineimagine是動(dòng)詞，意為“想象，推測(cè)”，后面可接名詞、代詞、賓語(yǔ)從句、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：imaginedoingsth.想象做某事。例如：Wecan’timaginewhatChinawillbelikeinthefuture.我們無(wú)法想象將來(lái)中國(guó)是什么樣子。Ican’timagineleavingallmyfriends.我無(wú)法想象離開(kāi)我所有的朋友。Noonecanimaginewhatwouldhappennext.沒(méi)有人能想象出下一步會(huì)發(fā)生什么。詞匯精練I.英漢互譯。1.打掃干凈____________________ 2.cheerup____________________3.usedtodosth.____________________ 4.makeadifference____________________5.comeupwith____________________ 6.用光，用完____________________ 7.putoff____________________ 8.幫助某人做某事____________________9.giveup____________________ 10.張貼____________________II.根據(jù)句意及首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。1.Theoldmanliveda______________afterhiswifedied.Hefeltverylonely.2.Myyoungersisterlooksverysad.Let’sgoandc______________herup.3.Myunclehasalargehouseandheistheo______________ofthehouse.4.Theyheldaconcerttor______________moneyforProjectHope.5.Shewantstohea______________(志愿者).6.Thereare______________(幾個(gè))girlsintheroom.Theyaretalkingaboutthevacationplans.7.Theyhaveastrongfeelingof______________(滿足).8.—Myalarmclockdoesn’twork.Whocanhelpmer______________it?—YoucanaskTonyforhelp.9.Pleaseo______________thewindowandletthefreshairin.10.Ican’t______________(想象)whatthefuturelifeislike.III.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Stayingwithanimalsoftengivesmea______________(feel)offear.2.Tomisthe______________(own)ofthecar.Hehashaditfortwomonths.3.Hesmiledin______________(satisfied)whenhewonthegame.4.Theplayersarein______________(train)forthenextflight.5.Everybodyfelt______________(excite)whentheyheardofthegoodnews.6.Shehad______________(difficult)findingthewaytothemuseum.7.Everybodyshouldtrytohelpthe______________(disable).8.Iwillneverforgetyour______________(kind).IV．聽(tīng)力鏈接。（2014江西省中考）請(qǐng)聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話和1段獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卷上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前你都將有30秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各小題。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第1段對(duì)話，回答第6至第7小題。

6.Whataretheygoingtodotogether?

A.Haveviolinlessons.

B.Playtennis.

C.Watchmovies.

7.Whattimewilltheymeet?

A.At5:30.

B.At6:30.

C.At7:30.

請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第2段對(duì)話，回答第8至第9小題。

8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inabank.

B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inapostoffice.

9.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?

A.$2.

B.$3.

C.$5.參考答案I.英漢互譯。1.cleanup2.變得高興；振奮起來(lái)3.過(guò)去常常做某事4.影響；有作用5.想出6.runoutof7.推遲8.helpsb.(to)dosth.9.放棄10.putupII.根據(jù)句意及首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。1.alone2.cheer3.owner4.raise5.volunteer6.several7.satisfaction8.repair9.open10.imagineIII.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.feeling2.owner3.satisfaction4.training5.excited6.difficulty7.disabled8.kindnessIV．聽(tīng)力鏈接。聽(tīng)力材料及答案6.B7.C8.B9.C聽(tīng)力原文：請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第1段對(duì)話，回答第6至第7小題。M:Doyouwanttoplaytennisintheparklater,Betty?W:Thatsoundsgood.Whattimedoyouwanttomeet?M:Well,is6:30OKforyou?W:I’mafraidnot.Myviolinlessonfinishesat6:30.M:That’snotaproblem.Let’smeetatthetenniscourtsat7:30,then.W:OK,seeyouthere.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第2段對(duì)話，回答第8至第9小題。W:Nextplease.WhatcanIgetyou?M:Hi,I’dlikeahotdog,please.W:OK.Anythingelse?M:CanIhaveacola,please?W:Sure.Here’syourhotdog...Andyourcola.M:Thanks.Howmucharethey?W:Acolafor$3andahotdogfor$2,please.M:OK.Here’sthemoney.W:Thankyou.Here’syourchange.M:Thanks.Bye.句式精講1.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.usedtodosth.是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”，后面用動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去的某種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為或者動(dòng)作，并意味著這種動(dòng)作目前已經(jīng)不存在?？隙ň洌篒usedtoplaywithmyfriendsafterschool.過(guò)去放學(xué)后我常常和朋友們一起玩。否定句：Youdidn’tusetolikepopsongs.=Youusedn’ttolikepopsongs.你過(guò)去不喜歡流行歌曲。一般疑問(wèn)句：Didyoursisterusetobequiet?=Usedyoursistertobequiet?你的妹妹過(guò)去常常是很安靜嗎？therebe句式：Thereusedtobealotoffishesinthisriver.過(guò)去這條小河常常有許多魚(yú)。【拓展】(1)beusedtodosomething意思是“被用來(lái)做某事”，是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)use…todo的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Knivesareusedtocutthings.小刀是用來(lái)切東西的。(2)beusedtodoingsomething意思是“習(xí)慣于做某事”，to后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。例如：Myfatherisusedtolivinginthevillage.我爸爸習(xí)慣于住在小山村。2.Itakeaftermymother.takeafter意為“像……；與……相像”，指由于血緣關(guān)系而（在外貌、性格等方面）相似；相當(dāng)于besimilarto，其中after是介詞，其后常接名詞或代詞。例如：Yourdaughterdoesn’ttakeafteryouatall.你女兒長(zhǎng)得一點(diǎn)都不像你。【拓展】(1)looklike意為“看上去像……”，多指外貌。例如：Youlooklikemybrother.你和我弟弟長(zhǎng)得像。(2)belike意為“像……”，可指外貌，也可指性格。例如：Whatisyoursisterlike?你妹妹的性格怎么樣？3.I’verunoutofit.(1)runoutof意為“用完，用盡”，相當(dāng)于useup。例如：Wehaverunoutofpaper.我們的紙用完了。(2)runout“用完了”，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常為表示“時(shí)間、食物、金錢(qián)等”詞；而runoutof意為“用完了”，是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)含義，主語(yǔ)一般是人。例如：You’dbettergohomebeforeyourmoneyrunsout.你最好別等錢(qián)花光再回家。Weranoutofcoal,andhadtoburnwood.我們的煤用光了，只好燒柴。4.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.makeadifferenceto意為“（對(duì)……）產(chǎn)生影響”。difference前面可加修飾詞，如big,great等；to是介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：Educationcanmakeabigdifferencetothequalityofaperson’slife.教育對(duì)一個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量有很大影響。Theaccidenthasmadeagreatdifferencetohislife.這次事故對(duì)他的人生產(chǎn)生了重大影響。Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.失之毫厘，謬以千里?！就卣埂縨akenodifferenceto意為“對(duì)……沒(méi)有影響”。例如：Itmakesnodifferencetome.這對(duì)我沒(méi)什么影響。5.Iwasexcitedabouttheideaofhavingadog.beexcitedabout意為“對(duì)……感到興奮、激動(dòng)”。例如：Iwasexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.去動(dòng)物園令我興奮?！就卣埂縝eexcitedtodosth.意為“對(duì)做某事感到興奮”。例如：Jackwasexcitedtotraveltherebyplane.杰克對(duì)于乘飛機(jī)去那里旅行感到很興奮。句式精練I.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成英語(yǔ)句子（每空一詞）。1.你可以幫助打掃城市公園。You_______________________________________cleanupthecityparks.2.我希望你的夢(mèng)想能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。Ihopeyourdreamcan__________________________.3.謝謝你幫我做家務(wù)。____________________________________________________mewithhousework.4.Lily說(shuō)她有能力自己完成這項(xiàng)工作。Lilysaidthatshe_______________________________________finishtheworkbyherself.5.我的觀點(diǎn)和你的相似。Myopinionsare__________________________yours.6.那位教授對(duì)我的生活產(chǎn)生了影響。Theprofessor_______________________________________tomylife.7.我們得盡力使他振作起來(lái)。Weshouldtryto_______________________________________.8.你認(rèn)為他會(huì)把錢(qián)花光嗎？Doyouthinkthathewill_______________________________________allthemoney?II.根據(jù)要求完成下列各題。1.HeusedtoliveinBeijing.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_____________he__________________________liveinBeijing?2.Theymadeadecisiontotravelabroad.(改為同義句)They__________________________travelabroad.3.IhopeIcanpasstheexam.(改為同義句)I_______________________________________theexam.4.could,help,clean,you,city,up,parks,to,the(連詞成句)________________________________________________________5.Hedoesn’tknowwhenheshouldgothere.(改為同義句)Hedoesn’tknow__________________________gothere.6.Thewriterbecamefamouswhenhewastwenty-fouryearsold.Thewriterbecamefamous_______________________________________oftwenty-four.7.PleasetellmehowIcanusethecamera.(改為同義句)Pleasetellme_______________________________________thecamera.8.CanyoucareformypetwhileIamaway?Canyou_______________________________________mypetwhileIamaway?III.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。（2015年長(zhǎng)沙市中考）A:Hey,Frank,1.________________________?B:Prettygood.A:Didyouhavefunlastweekend?B:2.____