國家開放大學2021年（202101-202107）《1354高級英語閱讀（2）》期末考試真題及答案完整版（共2套）

試卷代號：1354國家開放大學2020年秋季學期期末統(tǒng)一考試高級英語閱讀(2)試題2021年1月注意事項一、將你的學號、姓名及分校（工作站）名稱填寫在答題紙的規(guī)定欄內(nèi)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，把試卷和答題紙放在桌上。試卷和答題紙均不得帶出考場。監(jiān)考人收完考卷和答題紙后才可離開考場。二、仔細讀懂題目的說明，并按題目要求答題。答案一定要寫在答題紙的指定位置上，寫在試卷上的答案無效。三、用藍、黑圓珠筆或鋼筆答題，使用鉛筆答題無效。Informationfortheexaminees：Thisexaminationconsistsoftwosections.Theyare：SectionⅠ：NewWords(60points,40minutes)SectionⅡ：ReadingComprehension(40points,50minutes)Thetotalmarksforthisexaminationare100points.Timeallowedforcompletingthisexaminationis90minutes.SectionⅠNewWordsAMatchthewordsontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright(3pointseach) 1.________caterpillars A.religious,sacred 2.________cultivate B.get;obtain,Learn 3.________secure C.sickness 4.________holy D.safe 5.________unorthodox E.tosignuptotakeaclass 6.________asthmatic F.formofart 7.________plague G.havingdifficultybreathing 8.________tattoo H.largesilkworms 9.________acquire I.grow 10.________enroll J.notaccordingtoacceptedopinionsBFillintheblankswithwordsfromtheboxbelow.(3pointseach) careercounselorsjobsecuritykeepupwithleisuretelecommuting onthemoveoutsourcingoverworkedstressupgrade,Nowadays,workersare11，changingcareersformanyreasons.Somehavelosttheirjobsdueto12，causedbycompaniessearchingforcheaperlabor.Othersfeelthattheyare13.andarelookingforajobwithless14.Stillothersneedtotaketimeoffto15theirskillsandlearnmoreaboutcomputerssotheycan16thelatesttechnology.Some17advisepeoplelookingforworktoconsiderseveralthingsbeforetheyacceptanotherposition.Firstofall,iftheyjustlostajob,theyshouldaskaboutthe18ofthenextone.Second,theyshouldmakesuretheyhaveenough19timesotheydon'tfeelsopressuredbythedemandsofwork.Third,theyshouldconsider20,ifpossibleandworkingfromahomeoffice.Thisway,they'11havetimetotakecoursesthatbuildtheirskillssotheycangetabetterjobinthefuture.SectionIIReadingComprehensionAReadthepassageThenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(5pointseach)CareerChangeAPeoplewhoarethinkingaboutchangingcareersareoftenafraidofwhatwillhappeniftheyquittheirjob.Willtheyfindanotherone?Willtheylikeanotherfieldaswellastheonetheyareinnow?Willtheybeabletogrowandadvanceinaneworganization?BAsthesequestionscometomind,theyshouldtrytofigureouttheanswerssotheycanreachadecision.Althoughthereisahighrateofunemploymentinsomecountries,thereareusuallyjobsforskilledworkerswhocanusecomputersorotherequipmentThosewhohavespecializedtrainingintheseareascangenerallyfindapositionwithouttoomucheffort.CThequestionofwhetherthey’lllikeanotherfieldmorethantheircurrentoneisalsoacrucialoneWhileit’snicetodreamabouthavinganotherjob,therealitymaybethattheyaren'tsuitedforit.Forexample,ifanarchitectlikestocookbuthasnoideaabouthowtorunabusiness,itmayberiskyforhimtoopenarestaurant.Hecancookforhisfriendsonweekendsandsatisfyhisdreamsofbeingachefinthatway.DAnothergoodwayforapersontofindoutifhewillbesuccessfulinanewfieldistotryitoutasapart-timejob.Beinganeventplannersoundsglamorous,buthelpingfriendswithpartiesorweddingsmightshowthatit'salsoverystressful.However,ifhehasthecreativityandorganizationnecessaryforsuchaposition,hecancontinuetoplaneventsforfriendsuntilhebuildsupareputation.Thenhecanleavehiscurrentjobtolookforajobineventplanningknowingthathe’llbesuccessfulinthisarea.EOnceapersonhasfoundhisorherspecialtyanddecidesonthechange,it'snecessarytostickwithituntilthebusinessgetsofftheground.Thisusuallytakesaboutfiveyears.Ifthemovehasbeenfromonecompanytoanother,thepersonshouldstayuntilitisclearheisdoingagoodjobandcanadvancetoahigherposition.Followingthisadvicewillmakethetransitionsmootherandthecareerchangesuccessful.Foreachquestion,choosethebestanswerbasedonthereadingpassage_WriteA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet.2I.Accordingtothereading,peoplewhothinkaboutchangingcareersgenerally______________.A.quittheirjobs B.areafraidofquittingtheirjobsC.findanotheronerightaway D.growandadvanceinaneworganization22.Thereisahighrateofunemploymentinsomecountries,butskilledworkers ______________. A.losetheirjobs B.trytoreachadecision C.usecomputers D.withtrainingcanstillgetjobs23.Ifapersondreamsaboutdoinganotherjob,______________. A.heissuitedforit B.hecanrunabusiness C.hestillmaynotbeabletodoit D.hewillbesatisfiedasachef24.Havingapart-timejob______________. A.isagoodwaytotryanothercareer B.soundsglamorous C.isverystressful D.buildsupaperson'scareer25.Youshouldstayinanewcareeratleastfiveyearsbecause______________. A.it'syourspecialty B.youmovedfromonecompanytoanother C.youcandoagoodjobandadvanceinthattime D.thetransitionwillbesmootherBReadthepassageThenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(3pointseach)VolunteeringintheUnitedStatesAVolunteeringisapracticethatmanypeopleintheUnitedStatesengageinatsomepointintheirlives.ItmeansdoingunpaidworkfororthroughanorganizationItmaybeasimpleactivity,likeschoolchildrencleaninguptheirneighborhoodpark,orteenagerswashingcarstoearnmoneytosupporttheirteam.Itmaybeaneducationalactivity,likecollegestudentstutoringchildrenafterschool,orprofessionalsadvisingrecentuniversitygraduates.Itmayalsobeforenvironmentalorganizations,likeEarthwatchorGreenpeace.Whateveraperson'sinterest,therearedozensofwaystovolunteer,andmanyAmericansdoit.BTheDepartmentofLaborcollectsinformationonvolunteeringintheUnitedStates,anditsaysthateveryyear,over65millionpeopleoffertheirservices.One-fourthofmenandone-thirdofwomenworkforatleastoneorganizationwithoutbeingpaid.Theorganizationsthattheyvolunteerforthemostare(1)religious,(2)educationalandyouthservices,and(3)socialandcommunityservice.Peoplebetweentheagesof35and55tendtovolunteeragreatdeal,butteenagersalsovolunteeralot,possiblybecausethistypeofworkisemphasizedinschools.CTheaveragetimespentinunpaidactivitiesisabout50hoursperyear.Retiredpeople(over65)offermoreoftheirtimethanotheragegroups-over90hoursperyear.Marriedpeopletendtovolunteermorethansinglepeople,andparentstendtovolunteermorethanadultswithoutchildrenParentsaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinschoolsandsportteams.whileadultswithoutchildrenaremorelikelytooffertheirtimetohospitalsorcommunityserviceorganizations.DRegardingthetypeofworktheydo,peoplewithhigherlevelsofeducationaremorelikelytodotutoring,coaching,supervising,andcounseling,ortoprovidemanagementormedicalassistanceThosewithlowerlevelsofeducationaremorelikelytocollect,prepare,distribute,andservefood.Peoplewithfull-timejobsarelesslikelythanthosewithpart-timejobstovolunteer.Amongthosewhovolunteeredinthepastbutnolongerdoso,lackoftimeisthemainreason,followedbyhealth/medicalproblems,andfamilyresponsibilities.Allinall,thetrendofvolunteeringisaliveandwellintheUnitedStates,withmorepeoplelendingahandeveryyear.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseWrite"T"forTrueand"F"forFalseontheAnswerSheet. 26.Volunteeringmaytaketheformofcleaningupapark,washingcarsandtutoringchildren. 27.ThenumberofAmericanswhovolunteerisover55million 28.Marriedpeoplevolunteermorethansinglepeople 29.Themostcommontypeoforganizationtovolunteerforissocial. 30.IntheUnitedStates,notverymanypeopleareofferingtheirservices.試卷代號：1354國家開放大學2021年春季學期期末統(tǒng)一考試高級英語閱讀(2)試題2021年7月注意事項一、將你的學號、姓名及分校（工作站）名稱填寫在答題紙的規(guī)定欄內(nèi)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，把試卷和答題紙放在桌子上。試卷和答題紙均不得帶出考場。監(jiān)考人收完考卷和答題紙后才可離開考場。一、仔細讀懂題目的說明，并按題目要求和答題示例答題。答案一定要寫在答題紙的指定位置上，寫在試卷上的答案無效。三、用藍、黑圓珠筆或鋼筆答題，使用鉛筆答題無效。Informationfortheexaminees:Thisexaminationconsistsoftwosections.Theyare:SectionI:NewWords(60points,40minutes)SectionⅡ:ReadingComprehension(40points,50minutes)Thetotalmarksforthisexaminationare100points.Timeallowedforcompletingthisexaminationis90minutes.

SectionINewWordsAMatcheachvocabularywordontheleftwiththecorrectdefinitionontheright.(3pointseach)1.umversal A.necessity2.poverty B.takeattentionaway3.requirement C.makeless4.livelihood D.asmile5.distract E.continuetoliveorexist6.surwve F.peoplewhosellthings7.reduce G.theabilitytoremember8.grin H.work,job,profession9.merchants I.availabletoeveryone10.memory J.beingpoorBFillintheblankswithwordsfromtheboxbelow.(3pointseach)competitiveedgeenthusiasticexpensiveinfluencedinvestprofitsslangsuddenlysurvivetrendThepopularityoftattoosdidnot11intothe20thcentury；itsloweddownandcontinuedonlyamongsoldiersandsailors.Thesemen12eachothertogettattooedtoshowhowstrongtheywere.Asaresult,thegeneralpublic,begantothinkofpeoplewithtattoosasfromthelowerclasses.However,inthelate20thcentury,anew13appearedasyoungpeoplestartedtogettattooed.Thisbodyart_14_begantoappearinunusualplaces,notonlyonarms,butalsoonlegsandbacks.Tattooartistsbeganto15innewequipment,ink,anddesigns.Tokeeptheir_16_,theyopenedshopsinfashionableplaceswheretheycouldmakegreater17.Actorsandmusiciansgot“tats,”andmany18wordscameintouse.Aspeoplebecamemore19aboutthisformofbodyart,tattoosbecamemore20becausepatterns,or“flash,”weremorecomplex.Despitethisenthusiasm,however,thetrendhasbeguntoslowdown,andsoonitmaybeathingofthepast.SectionIIReadingComprehensionAReadthepassage.Thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(5pointseach)CareerChangeAPeoplewhoarethinkingaboutchangingcareersareoftenafraidofwhatwillhappeniftheyquittheirjob.Willtheyfindanotherone?Willtheylikeanotherfieldaswellastheonetheyareinnow?Willtheybeabletogrowandadvanceinaneworganization?BAsthesequestionscometomind,theyshouldtrytofigureouttheanswerssotheycanreachadecision.Althoughthereisahighrateofunemploymentinsomecountries,thereareusuallyjobsforskilledworkerswhocanusecomputersorotherequipmentThosewhohavespecializedtrainingintheseareascangenerallyfindapositionwithouttoomucheffort.CThequestionofwhetherthey'IIlikeanotherfieldmorethantheircurrentoneisalsoacrucialone.Whileit'snicetodreamabouthavinganotherjob,therealitymaybethattheyaren'tsuitedforit.Forexample,ifanarchitectlikestocookbuthasnoideaabouthowtorunabusiness,itmayberiskyforhimtoopenarestaurant.Hecancookforhisfriendsonweekendsandsatisfyhisdreamsofbeingachefinthatway.DAnothergoodwayforapersontofindoutifshewillbesuccessfulinanewfieldistotryitoutasapart-timejob.Beinganeventplannersoundsglamorous,buthelpingfriendswithpartiesorweddingsmightshowherthatit'salsoverystressful.However,ifshehasthecreativityandorganizationnecessaryforsuchaposition,shecancontinuetoplaneventsforfriendsuntilshebuildsupareputation.Thenshecanleavehercurrentjobtolookforajobineventplanningknowingthatshe'11besuccessfulinthisarea.EOnceapersonhasfoundhisorherspecialtyanddecidesonthechange,it)snecessarytostickwithituntilthebusinessgetsofftheground.Thisusuallytakesaboutfiveyears.Ifthemovehasbeenfromonecompanytoanother,thepersonshouldstayuntilitisclearheisdoingagoodjobandcanadvancetoahigherposition.Followingthisadvicewillmakethetransitionsmootherandthecareerchangesuccessful.Foreachquestion,choosethebestanswerbasedonthereadingpassage.WriteA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet.21.Accordingtothereading,peoplewhothinkaboutchangingcareersgenerallyA.quittheirjobsB.areafraidofquittingtheirjobsC.findanotheronerightawayD.growandadvanceinaneworganization22.Thereisahighrateofunemploymentinsomecountries,butskilledworkersA.losetheirjobsB.trytoreachadecisionC.usecomputersD.withtrainingcanstillgetjobs23.Ifapersondreamsaboutdoinganotherjob,.A.heissuitedforitB.hecanrunabusinessC.hestillmaynotbeabletodoitD.hewillbesatisfiedasachef24.Havingapart-timejob__A.isagoodwaytotryanothercareerB.soundsglamorousC.isverystressfulD.buildsupaperson'scareer25.YoushouldstayinanewcareeratleastfiveyearsbecauseA.it'syourspecialtyB.youmovedfromonecompanytoanotherC.youcandoagoodjobandadvanceinthattimeD.thetransitionwillbesmootherBReadthepassage.Thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(3pointseach)TelecommutingAAscitiesbecomemoreexpensiveandcrowded,workersoftenhavetomovefartherawayfromtheirofficesinordertofindaffordablehousingindesirableneighborhoods.Sometimestheyhavetotravelanhourormoretoworkandbackandendurealotoftraffic.Onepopularalternativetothefrustratingmorningcommuteistelecommuting.Telecommutinginvolvesworkingfromhomeandcommunicatingwithanemployerbyphone,fax,orcomputer.Changingtechnologymakestelecommutingincreasinglyeasyandpopular.Sometelecommutersworkathomefull-time,whileothersgointotheofficeoneortwodaysandworkathometherestoftheweek.Itisestimatedthatbetween18and23millionpeopletelecommuteintheUnitedStates,andbetweenl.6and2millionpeopletelecommuteinboththeU.K.andGermany.Andthenumbersaregrowing.Whyaresomanypeopletelecommuting?Whataretheadvantages,anddotheyoutweighthedisadvantages?BTelecommutinghasmanyadvantages.Inadditiontosavingpeoplefromthestressfulmorningcommute.italsoallowsformoreflexibilityintheworkplace.Telecommuterscanplantheirownschedules；theycancustomizetheirworkenvironments；andtheycanworkfromanywhere.Often,peoplewithchildrenliketotelecommutebecauseitmeansbuildingaworkschedulearoundfamilydemandsandcommitments.Additionally,home-officescanprovidegoodtaxbenefitsfortelecommuters.Finally,forthosewhodon,tliketheofficeatmosphere,officepolitics,orthoselong,never-endingmeetings,telecommutingcanprovidearelease.Telecommutingnotonlyprovidesadvantagestotheworker,itbenefitstheenvironmentaswellItcontributestocleanerair(lesspollutionemittedfromcars),decreasedtraffic,andjobgrowthinruralareasthatmightnototherwiseofferemploymentoptions.CTelecommutinghasdisadvantagesaswell.Forinstance,someworkersmaytelecommutenotoutofchoicebutbecausetheemployerdoesn,twishtoprovideofficespace,aworkstation,orthebenefitsthaton=siteemployeesreceive.Anotherdrawbackisthatnoteveryonecantelecommute.Certainjobs,suchasmediaandpublishing,consulting,sales,andtelemarketinglendthemselvesbettertotelecommutingthanothers.Somepeoplefinditverydifficulttoworkathome.TheTV.therefrigerator,thebed,e-mail,andthetelephonecanbebigdistractionsfortelecommuters.Ontheotherhand,sometelecommuterscan,tseparateworkfromhomeandhaveatendencytooverwork.Otherdisadvantagesoftelecommutingincludethedifficultyofofficerelationships.Sometimesifaworkersplitshisorhertimebetweenhomeandtheoffice,co-workerswhodon'thavetheopportunitytoworkathomemightfeelresentful.Managersmightfeelpowerlesstocontrolemployeeswhoaren,tonsite.Finally,ifworkingfromhomemakesyoufeelisolatedorlonely,thentelecommutingisprobablynotforyou.DJeffandNancyfoundawaytousetelecommutingtochangetheirlives.“Notonlydowehaveabetterlifestyle,wehaveabetterlife,”saysNancy.Threeyearsago,thecouplesoldtheirManhattanapartmentandboughtamobilehome.WhentheyarenottravelingaroundtheUnitedStates,theyliveintheiradobebungalowinSantaFe,NewMexico.“WhenwesawSantaFe,wefellinlovewiththeplaceimmediately.ButbeforesellingourNewYorkapartment,wespenttheyearmakingconnectionsandresearchingouroptionsforworkthatwecoulddo.”Nancydoesworkforapublisher,andJeffworksasanindependentconsultantBothinvestedinlaptopsandsaythattechnologysuchaswirelessWebaccessandcellphoneshelpthemwhenthey'reontheroad.Recently,NancywroteacookbookforcampersthatshehasstartedsellingthroughspecialtycatalogsandWebsites.“Throughtelecommutingweareabletomakeenoughmoneytosurvivewithoutdippingintoournestegg,andwehaven'tgivenupanyofthethingsweenjoy.Telecommutingisourlivelihood.”EAccordingtostatistics,thenumberoftelecommutersintheUnitedStatesroseby3millionbetween1999and2000.Willthenumberscontinuetoriseasquickly?Willtelecommutingcontinuetogrow?Iftechnologycontinuestoimprove,perhapseveryonewillbeworkingin“virtualoffices”andthetraditionalofficewilldisappear.Nooneknowsforsurebutwecanbecertainthattelecommutingisnotafad.Itisapracticalalternativetothetraditionalofficejob,analte