2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)99

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展，生長(zhǎng)”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：心理學(xué)家們對(duì)遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對(duì)重要性長(zhǎng)期以來都有爭(zhēng)論，即一個(gè)有時(shí)被稱為“自然”對(duì)比“培育”的辯論。

2.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runinto

B.answerfor

C.complywith

D.abideby

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。runinto“遭遇，陷入”；answerfor“因……而受罰”；complywith“遵守，照做”；abideby“遵守，信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒有履行合同中的一些條款”可知，他應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”；B選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”；C選項(xiàng)productivity“生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)能力”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)，而更多地是一種責(zé)任，這一觀點(diǎn)引起了公眾更多的關(guān)注。本句關(guān)鍵詞liability在句中表示“責(zé)任”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A選項(xiàng)最合適，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thesnow（）myplantovisitmyauntinthecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confused

B.bewildered

C.conversed

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confused“使混亂；使困惑（語氣較弱，指由于混淆、混亂而糊涂）”；B選項(xiàng)bewildered“使困惑（語氣強(qiáng)烈，指因迷不解或驚愕而慌亂，不知所措，無法清醒地思考）”；C選項(xiàng)conversed“交談，談話；認(rèn)識(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)hampered“妨礙；束縛；使困累”。句意：這場(chǎng)雪妨礙了我去鄉(xiāng)下看望姑媽的計(jì)劃。本句表示“下雪的這件事阻礙了我的計(jì)劃”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divert

B.change

C.convert

D.derive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”；change“改變”；convert“使轉(zhuǎn)變”；derive“源于”。根據(jù)空格處后面的“from…to…”可知是將資金從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)地方，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor（）door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fickle

B.canvass

C.boon

D.deride

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fickle“浮躁的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)canvass“游說，推銷”；C選項(xiàng)boon“愉快的，慷慨的”；D選項(xiàng)deride“嘲笑，嘲弄”。句意：那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級(jí)抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo)，這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號(hào)碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquidwatertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.consumption

C.transition

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；transition“過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變”；interaction“相互作用”。前半句提到“從固態(tài)變成液態(tài)，水需要吸收它周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量”，因此空格處表示的就是“吸收(熱量)”這個(gè)過程，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas（）earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unchangeable

B.insignificant

C.inevitable

D.unsuitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unchangeable“無法改變的”；insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”;unsuitable“不適合的”。根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知前后有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后面提到“它（證據(jù)）成為指控那個(gè)男人盜竊的關(guān)鍵證據(jù)”，可知前面的內(nèi)容是認(rèn)為這個(gè)證據(jù)“無關(guān)緊要”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.WhenU.S.postageratesareincreasedbyasinglepenny,another$1billonpoursintotheUSPS.Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.Thepostalservicealsoplanstoincreasethecostofmailingmagazines15%,amovethathasraisedtheangerofmagazinepublishers.

Thereisnoshortageofcritics.Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization.Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice'stax-exemptstatus.FederalstudieschargetheUSPSwitheverythingfrommismanagementtomisappropriation.Accordingtothefederallimes,thepostoffice’sInternationalBusinessUnitwasgivenfundingandastaffof200tocreateanextensivegloballogisticsnetworkthatwassupposedtogenerate$10billioninrevenueby2005.Theprograms,knownasGlobalPriorityMailandGlobalPackageLink,flopped.YetanotherauditfoundthattheUSPSlossesmorethan$1billonayearbynotcollectinginternationaldutiesonpackages.Perhapsworstofall,CNFTransportation,whichownsEmeiyWorldwide,issuingthepostofficefornotpayingitsbillsonanoverseas-deliveryjointventure.

Newalliances-liketheonewithFedEx-maybetheUSPS’sbestchanceforsurvivalinadigitalworld,wheresuccessislessaboutdeliveringenvelopesthanaboutoptimizingnetworksandmanaginginformation.

Ultimately,however,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExalliancewillbetheMemphis-basedpowerhouse.Besidesgainingaccesstothat“l(fā)astmile”tosomeone'smailbox,FedExcouldleveragethearrangementbyplantingdrop-offboxesinpost-officelobbies.Evenifgovernmentregulatorslimitthecombinationonantitrustgrounds,FedExissteamingaheadwithotherjointventures,includingadealwiththeFrenchpostalagencyLaPoste.FredSmithhasalreadyprovedFedEx'sglobalstrength.Mostanalystsseehisdomesticstrategyasacleverwaytopositionhis29-year-oldcompanyforwhatmanybelievewillbetheUSPS’inevitabledissolution.

Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered.Evenitsprimarymarket,firstclassmail,isexpectedtoshrink27%overthenextdecade,representingthelossofanadditional$17billioninrevenues.AndsomeanalystswarnthatdealswithprivatecarrierswillsimplyundercutUSPSassets,leavingitwithlittlemorethanitsmostrural-andleastprofitable-routestoserve.

PostmasterGeneralHendersonresistseventhesuggestionthatPostalServicecoulddisappearandhasvowedtoshakeuphismassiveorganization.YetintestimonytoCongresslastmonth,heseemedresignedtoafatethatisuncertainatbest.Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea.Hecitedstatisticsshowingthat66%ofallAmericanbelievethemailisourmostprivateandsecurefromofcommunication.“Thesefindingsareatestimonytotheenduringstrengthanduniquepowerofthemail,”saidHenderson.“Peoplelookforwardtothemail,andwhenitarrives,theygiveittheirundividedattention.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisthecorrectreasonwhyUSPSiscriticized?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.TherealchanceforthesurvivaloftheUSPSinthepresentdigitalworldis（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExallianceis（）.

5.Whatisthecorrectmeaningtotheworld“l(fā)anguish”inthelastparagraphofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolyoftheUSPS.

B.Thetax-exemptstatusoftheUSPS.

C.ThemisuseoffundsoftheUSPSwhichcausesgreatlossesforthegovernment

D.Allofabove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newprograms,likeGlobalPriorityandGlobalPackageLinkmakeprofitsforUSPSaswell.

B.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolygivesUSPSmanyopportunitiestoearnmoney.

C.TheavoidingofpayingtaxesisanotherwaythatUSPSusestoincreaseitsprofit.

D.ThebigsizeisonereasonthatUSPSmakesprofitsinthelast30years.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.newalliance

B.thedealwithforeignpostalagencyLaPoste

C.thesupportofthepostal-reformbill

D.radicalreform

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.USPS

B.Memphis

C.FedEx

D.otherjointventures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.plea

B.support

C.decay

D.suggest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪些陳述是USPS受到指責(zé)的正確原因？”文章第二段提到報(bào)紙頭條嘆息USPS在郵政上幫倒忙并呼吁私有化（Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization），由此可知選項(xiàng)A是其中之一，排除；第二段提到俄克拉荷馬州的立法者通過了一項(xiàng)決議，決定改變郵政服務(wù)的免稅狀態(tài)（Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice’stax-exemptstatus），由此可知選項(xiàng)B是受指責(zé)的原因之一；第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到USPS投資的全球化優(yōu)先郵件和全球包裹鏈公司的失敗可知選項(xiàng)C是受指責(zé)的原因之一。綜上，選項(xiàng)D“全部都是”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”文章第一段前兩句提到自從30年前最后一次實(shí)質(zhì)性的改革以來，美國郵政服務(wù)通常都是盈利的：其中一個(gè)原因是政府強(qiáng)制的壟斷；另一個(gè)原因是規(guī)模（Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.），因此選項(xiàng)B與D表述是正確的，排除；文章第一段提到“這種壟斷有很多額外的好處。郵遞員可以銷售聯(lián)邦不利，而且不需要支付停車費(fèi)。這項(xiàng)服務(wù)不需要支付銷售或者資產(chǎn)稅，也不需要為其有車支付許可證費(fèi)用”（Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“避稅是USPS增加利潤(rùn)的另一種方式”表述正確。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“USPS在當(dāng)今數(shù)字世界中生存的真正機(jī)會(huì)是……”。文章第五段第一句話提到“除非進(jìn)行徹底的改革，否則美國郵政服務(wù)的日子可能快到頭了”（Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“徹底的改變”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，USPS與FedEx的聯(lián)合真正受惠者是……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“除了真正實(shí)現(xiàn)至某人郵箱‘最后一英里’，聯(lián)邦快遞公司可以通過在郵局大廳設(shè)立了投遞箱來合理安排”，由此可知真正受惠的是FedEx公司，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“文章最后一段languish這個(gè)單詞的意思是什么？”該詞出現(xiàn)在句子Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea，根據(jù)句子中support與plea可以排除選項(xiàng)B與C；suggest前要有執(zhí)行主語，顯然將其代入句子中缺少執(zhí)行主語，因此只有選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Accordingtosomepsychologists,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependent（）motivation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.of

C.with

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。be/remainindependentof“與……無關(guān)”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）doctoratebytheuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.honored

B.honorary

C.honorific

D.honorable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。honored“光榮的；榮幸的”；honorary“榮譽(yù)的；名譽(yù)的”；honorific“尊敬的；敬稱的”；honorable“尊敬的”。此處是要表達(dá)“榮譽(yù)博士”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)creatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor（）.

3.Theword“offset”(Para.2)couldbeatbereplacedby（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

D.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

B.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.setup

B.slipinto

C.makeupfor

D.catchupwith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearth

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisasters

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforever

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.theburningoffossilfuels

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic（過去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染只影響工廠和/或汽車交通繁忙的大城市周圍地區(qū)）可知C選項(xiàng)“僅存在于城市和工業(yè)地區(qū)”正確；A選項(xiàng)“在農(nóng)村造成了大面積的破壞”，B選項(xiàng)“影響整個(gè)美國東部的一半”以及D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)健康有破壞性影響”雖然在第一段有出現(xiàn)，但是并不對(duì)應(yīng)題干Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution...（正如文章開頭所指出的那樣，人們過去認(rèn)為空氣污染……）所問的內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞greenhouseeffect（溫室效應(yīng)）定位到文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater（如果這種觀點(diǎn)是正確的，世界溫度只上升幾度，那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化，紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“不確定它的發(fā)生”正確；B選項(xiàng)“與科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)相同”、C選項(xiàng)“拒絕它，因?yàn)樗菦]有基礎(chǔ)的”和D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為它很快會(huì)越來越多地毀滅世界”都未在原文中提及；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞offset定位到文章第二段最后一句Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow（也許，如果我們非常幸運(yùn)的話，這兩種趨勢(shì)將相互彌補(bǔ)，世界溫度將保持在目前的水平）；A選項(xiàng)setup“建立；裝配；開業(yè)；豎立”；B選項(xiàng)slipinto“溜進(jìn)；使滑入；匆忙穿上；大吃”；C選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)catchupwith“趕上，追上；逮捕；處罰”；offset（抵消，彌補(bǔ)），在本句中表示兩種趨勢(shì)互相彌補(bǔ)，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas（僅僅幾度的下降就可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)接近新冰河期的情況，并將使我們的許多頂級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)變得困難或不可能）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“把世界溫度降低一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)難”正確；根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater（如果這種觀點(diǎn)是正確的，世界溫度只上升幾度，那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化，紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“把地球的溫度升高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不會(huì)對(duì)地球上的生命造成太大的傷害”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第一段Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution（在過去的十年中，嚴(yán)重的空氣污染已經(jīng)數(shù)次覆蓋了整個(gè)美國東部地區(qū)，甚至在遠(yuǎn)離制造業(yè)和汽車交通集中地區(qū)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)也發(fā)出了健康警告。事實(shí)上，整個(gè)地球的氣候都可能受到空氣污染的影響）可以判斷出C選項(xiàng)“在過去的十年里，幾乎沒有溫度變化發(fā)生”和D選項(xiàng)“世界溫度將永遠(yuǎn)保持穩(wěn)定”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章圍繞空氣污染展開，根據(jù)第一段Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide（過去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染只影響工廠和/或汽車交通繁忙的大城市周圍地區(qū)。今天，我們知道雖然這些是空氣污染最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，但這個(gè)問題確實(shí)是全球性的）可知C選項(xiàng)“空氣污染的潛在影響”符合題意，A選項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)”、B選項(xiàng)“化石燃料的燃燒”和D選項(xiàng)“新冰河時(shí)代的可能性”均只講了“空氣污染”的其中一面，因此不足以概括全文。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)指出的是，國際金融危機(jī)沒有改變中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基本面和長(zhǎng)期向好的趨勢(shì)?；仡櫲ツ?，我們堅(jiān)定信心、迎難而上，保持了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展?；I劃今年，我們有能力處理復(fù)雜局面，繼續(xù)保持中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。展望未來，我們有條件實(shí)現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

【答案】Itshouldbestressedthat,despitetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,thefundamentalsandlong-termpositivetrendofChina’seconomicdevelopmentremainsunchanged.Lastyear,weactedwithresolveandconfrontedchallengeshead-on,andsucceededinensuringsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Aswedrawplansforthisyear,weareconfidentthatwecanstayontopofthecomplicatedsituationandmaintainthesteadyandfastgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Lookingahead,wearewellpositionedtoachievelongterm,fastandsteadyeconomicgrowth.

14.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.creative

C.confident

D.imaginary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，優(yōu)雅的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”。根據(jù)分析句子可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與originality相似的單詞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney（）.

2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas（）.

3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe（）ofclothing.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”（Para.4,Line1-2）,thewritermeansthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing

C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.awasteofmoney

B.anexpressionofcreativity

C.anexpressionoftaste

D.awasteoftime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.appearance

C.comfort

D.suitability

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.

B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.

C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.

D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（時(shí)尚的變化只不過是故意制造浪費(fèi)。許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“通過不斷改變婦女服裝的時(shí)尚”正確；A選項(xiàng)“通過殘酷剝削服裝業(yè)的女工”和C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兡茴A(yù)測(cè)新時(shí)尚”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兎浅Ｖ匾晪D女服裝的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave（那些不能以這種方式扔掉衣服的女人，會(huì)浪費(fèi)她們的時(shí)間來修改她們已有的衣服），可知D選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”正確；根據(jù)第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)錢”錯(cuò)誤，題目問的是作者對(duì)于女性改變她們老式服裝這件事的態(tài)度；B選項(xiàng)“一種創(chuàng)造力的表達(dá)”以及C選項(xiàng)“一種品味的表達(dá)”在文中都沒有提到；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素。他們只對(duì)外表感興趣，并利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可以判斷出C選項(xiàng)“舒適”正確以及B選項(xiàng)“外貌，外觀；出現(xiàn)，露面”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）可知作者認(rèn)為時(shí)尚界是在利用女性，并且認(rèn)為時(shí)尚圈沒有對(duì)社會(huì)做出真正的貢獻(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)“費(fèi)用，代價(jià)，成本”并不是作者所考慮的內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)“適合；適當(dāng)”在文章中未提及；因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)裝的新款式是為對(duì)女性的商業(yè)剝削而創(chuàng)造的”正確；B選項(xiàng)“女人服裝的不斷變化反映了她們性格的力量”和D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)不應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)，因?yàn)樗鼈冎皇芘詺g迎”未在原文中提起；根據(jù)第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety（沒有人能說時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)做出了真正重要的貢獻(xiàn)）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)”錯(cuò)誤；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.（當(dāng)把男人和女人在時(shí)尚方面進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，得出的結(jié)論是顯而易見的）以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.（男人很聰明，不會(huì)讓時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙自己）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“男人在時(shí)尚問題上更講道理”正確；根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes（幾乎每個(gè)男人在他的一生中，看到一個(gè)女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖，或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時(shí)，都會(huì)微笑）可知A選項(xiàng)“女人在衣著選擇上的反復(fù)無常經(jīng)常被嘲笑”錯(cuò)誤，和原文表達(dá)的含義不符合；C選項(xiàng)“男人們也被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師極大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright（他們利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可知文章只是說利用這件事，并不是說女人更能忍受不適，也不是題目所問的結(jié)論指代的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“女人更能忍受不適”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。under-question“在受盤問中”；out-space是名詞，意思是“外部空間”；overestimate“對(duì)……估計(jì)過高”；skyrocket“飛漲；猛漲”。While前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，前面提到“這個(gè)國家的生產(chǎn)下降”，因此后面是表示“價(jià)格和失業(yè)率在上升”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Havingweighedupallthefactorsthedepartmentfinallyagreedtoreceiveallthe（）tothecommittee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nominations

B.hypotheses

C.rejection

D.resistance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。nomination“任命；提名”；hypotheses“假定，臆測(cè)”，hypothesis的復(fù)數(shù)形式；rejection“拒絕”；resistance“阻力，電阻”。由thedepartment(部門)與committee(委員會(huì))可知這里是“任命”的意思，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoworkedupaboutit.It’sreallynotaproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unconcerned

B.concerned

C.angry

D.happy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)unconcerned“不關(guān)心的；無關(guān)的；無憂慮的”；B選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；C選項(xiàng)angry“生氣的；憤怒的；狂暴的；（傷口等）發(fā)炎的”；D選項(xiàng)happy“幸福的；高興的；巧妙的”。句意：我不明白你為什么這么生氣。這真的不是問題。本句關(guān)鍵詞workedup表示“激動(dòng)的，生氣的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C選項(xiàng)最合適，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)于民族未來的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)大計(jì)。面對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，我們必須樹立尊重自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)各個(gè)方面和全過程，努力建設(shè)美麗中國，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

20.單選題

Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressure----inlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.In