2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)16

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Asoneoftheoldestcivilizationsoftheworld,Chinahasalonghistoryandbrilliantculture.AfterenteringtheeraofcivilizationintheXiaDynasty,Chinacreatedgloriousscienceandculture.Thecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprintingareconsideredtobethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina,whichhavecontributedimmenselytothecivilizationoftheworldandtheprogressofmankind.TheSilkRoadofChina,theoldesttraderouteintheworld,largelypromotedtheculturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.

【答案】中國(guó)是世界上最古老的文明之一，有著悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化。中國(guó)在夏朝時(shí)開始進(jìn)入文明時(shí)代之后，創(chuàng)造了輝煌的科技和文化。指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)是中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明，對(duì)世界文明和人類的進(jìn)步做出了極大的貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)的絲綢之路—世界上最古老的貿(mào)易通道—極大地促進(jìn)了東西方文化的交流。

2.單選題

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因，不和that連用，nowthat“既然，因?yàn)?，由于”；despite“盡管”。句意：由于我的頭腦清醒了，我的大腦也開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更好了。前后句因果關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin

____.

5.Thepassageis

____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)，這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在（thecruxisthetechnology）”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)；

D選項(xiàng)“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個(gè)更直接的行動(dòng)。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動(dòng)（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動(dòng)中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對(duì)。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者說(shuō)到“如果一個(gè)行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。也就是說(shuō)作者贊同新計(jì)劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時(shí)他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來(lái)發(fā)展的作用。作者又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會(huì)有第二次機(jī)會(huì)?！币虼俗髡叩膽B(tài)度應(yīng)該是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B“厭惡”、C“反對(duì)”、D“妥協(xié)”選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個(gè)計(jì)劃的危險(xiǎn)在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過(guò)

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“在于左右兩派的理論家會(huì)通過(guò)修正來(lái)扭曲法案（distortthebillwithamendments）”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“雙方的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它的通過(guò)”，文中明確提到“危險(xiǎn)不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不會(huì)被通過(guò)”，因此C選項(xiàng)為反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一個(gè)回顧

B.aprefaceB.一個(gè)前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，該文章是作者對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃的客觀描述。這是對(duì)大事件的報(bào)道。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)回顧”，指回想過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃，因此屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а?，該篇文章是一個(gè)陳述并非引導(dǎo)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一則廣告”，廣告應(yīng)該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard兩種不同的類型正處于設(shè)計(jì)階段?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“正在被計(jì)劃中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一個(gè)特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力?！笨芍厥庥猛镜能嚨老到y(tǒng)能給高速公路系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)便利。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在這兩種方案中，司機(jī)將指定想要到達(dá)的目的地，并在旅程開始時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)高速公路之前將這些信息提供給車內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)。”可知C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)開車前應(yīng)將目的地告知汽車電腦”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有專用車道，汽車可以通過(guò)兩種不同的方式進(jìn)入這些車道并加入現(xiàn)有的車流。一種方法使用一個(gè)特殊的斜坡彎道(入口引道)。當(dāng)司機(jī)接近高速公路的入口點(diǎn)時(shí)，安裝在路邊的電子設(shè)備將檢查車輛，以確定其目的地，并確定其適當(dāng)?shù)淖詣?dòng)化設(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“通過(guò)帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦車輛進(jìn)入自動(dòng)駕駛狀態(tài)，駕駛員就可以自由地松開方向盤，打開晨報(bào)或者只是放松一下?！惫蔇項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demandalways-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompany's.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。benefit“好處”；availability“可用性，有效性”；suitability“合適性”；convenience“方便，便利”。句意：自上世紀(jì)90年代初以來(lái)，大多數(shù)企業(yè)的趨勢(shì)一致是按需提供隨時(shí)可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，以滿足客戶的方便，而不是公司的方便。產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)對(duì)于客戶來(lái)說(shuō)是提供了便利，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭中，成年子女與年長(zhǎng)父母生活在一個(gè)屋檐下。自1974年中國(guó)實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策以來(lái)，中國(guó)家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化，其中一個(gè)變化是核心家庭成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時(shí)，父母才四五十歲，他們比其他國(guó)家育有多個(gè)子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合征。他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、悲傷、無(wú)用、消沉。

【答案】1.當(dāng)今的技術(shù)人員對(duì)可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。這種需求不僅適用于諸如木材、混凝土、鋼鐵以及用于建筑目的的塑料等數(shù)量巨大的材料，也適用于較少但至關(guān)重要，且不易獲得的材料。鈾和鈦這樣一類材料并不大量存在，但它們具有非凡的特性，這使得它們成為某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.計(jì)算機(jī)是處理數(shù)據(jù)的電子機(jī)器。數(shù)據(jù)是已被適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好以便機(jī)器能夠使用的信息片段或項(xiàng)目。加工指的是對(duì)呈現(xiàn)在機(jī)器上的材料進(jìn)行處理或操作，如計(jì)算、分類或比較。計(jì)算機(jī)是由數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的電子設(shè)備組成的，這些設(shè)備可以存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)或通過(guò)具有不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏遠(yuǎn)美國(guó)公眾的行為清單中沒(méi)有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃

C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團(tuán)體的迫害

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“對(duì)猶太人的迫害（thepersecutionofJews）”“納粹的暴虐（barbarismoftheNazis）”以及“德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃（theplansofGermany…forworldconquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A沒(méi)有。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。

A.helptheBritishA.幫助英國(guó)

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防

C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》

D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港報(bào)仇

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒數(shù)第二段1941處，該處講到“這項(xiàng)法案的目的是為了保衛(wèi)美國(guó)（forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates）”。換言之，就是加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國(guó)”，這個(gè)法案頒布后確實(shí)給英國(guó)提供了幫助，但是這不是美國(guó)的根本目的。A選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》”，文中沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“珍珠港報(bào)仇”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者的關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美國(guó)在1935-1936年間的政策可以被描述為____。

A.watchfulA.注意的；警惕的

B.isolationistB.孤立主義的

C.peacefulC.和平的，愛(ài)好和平的

D.indifferentD.冷淡的，不關(guān)心的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞1935-1936與題干信息詞Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句，該處講到“1935-1936的中立法案（TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936）”。還講到“美國(guó)人民普遍支持孤立政策（theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality）”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“注意的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“和平的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“冷淡的”，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出售武器

B.antagonizedJapanB.對(duì)抗日本

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句，該處講到“廢棄了武器禁運(yùn)，允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家‘現(xiàn)購(gòu)自運(yùn)’出口武器”。換言之，允許對(duì)交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出口武器。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)抗日本”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我們參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)____。

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因?yàn)榈聡?guó)宣戰(zhàn)了

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet

C.在德國(guó)簽署了納粹—蘇聯(lián)條約之后

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失敗之后

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段，該處講到“GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.”。因?yàn)榍拔囊恢敝v到美國(guó)處于中立狀態(tài)，所以德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)才參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在德國(guó)簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”，文中沒(méi)有提過(guò)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“在和平努力失敗之后”，文中美國(guó)一直處于中立狀態(tài)，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行和平努力，屬于無(wú)中生有。

8.單選題

Thetwosurfaces（

）toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stick“粘住，貼有粘著劑而變得固定”，stickto堅(jiān)持；cling“緊抓”；cohere“凝結(jié)，粘著”；adhereto“粘附，指被吸力或膠水粘住”。句意：這兩個(gè)面粘在一起了，我們不能把它們分離。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.寫作題

Directions:Nowadays,trafficproblemremainsoneofthemostserioussituationsinurbanareas.Writeanessayof180-200wordstodiscussthistopic.Youressaymustincludetheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Presentsituations

2.Possiblereasons

3.Whatshouldbedonetosolvethisproblem

【答案】略

10.單選題

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：又有人在敲門，那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

最近的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退表明了我們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的依賴。經(jīng)濟(jì)步履蹣跚的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況？那時(shí)，金融市場(chǎng)會(huì)崩潰，房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格猛跌，就業(yè)率降低。這么一來(lái)，凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就會(huì)重新興起。政府投入大量資金，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)寄希望于減稅和財(cái)政刺激來(lái)促進(jìn)投資、生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)。

【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcollapse,housingpriceswouldplummetandemploymentwouldfall.Keynesianeconomicscouldberevived.Thegovernmentpouredmoneyintogettingtheeconomymovingagain,hopingtaxcutsandfiscalstimuluswouldboostinvestment,productionandemployment.

12.單選題

Theartist（

）aninterestingpicturebyputtingthevariously-coloredshapestogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.composed

B.designed

C.produced

D.invented

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。compose“組合，創(chuàng)作”；design“設(shè)計(jì)”；produce“生產(chǎn)”；invent“發(fā)明”。句意：藝術(shù)家通過(guò)把各種顏色的形狀組合在一起，創(chuàng)作出一幅有趣的畫。由putting…可知這幅畫是將不同的東西組合在一起而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.翻譯題

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亞的氣候因地區(qū)而異，北部為熱帶氣候，內(nèi)陸大部分地區(qū)為干旱或半干旱氣候，南部為溫和氣候。盡管有這些變化，但周圍海洋的緩和影響和沒(méi)有廣泛的高山山脈有助于防止明顯的極端天氣。然而，一些地區(qū)偶爾會(huì)經(jīng)歷極端天氣條件，如熱帶氣旋、龍卷風(fēng)和嚴(yán)重干旱。

因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喸谀习肭?，它的季?jié)與北半球相反。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，季節(jié)變化很小。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，沿海和高原地區(qū)，尤其是東南部，比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)涼爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最熱的地區(qū)。澳大利亞南部的溫帶地區(qū)四季分明，冬冷夏暖。

14.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識(shí)和推理能力并沒(méi)有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖](méi)有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽(tīng)力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物。”可知“記憶喪失”根本就沒(méi)有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請(qǐng)注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，年輕人從來(lái)不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西。”正確。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)136對(duì)雙胞胎的長(zhǎng)期研究表明，多年來(lái)唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對(duì)大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，即隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。