楊忠語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論課后綜合測(cè)試題及中文版答案

文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .綜合測(cè)試題（一）I.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets：(10points)：()1.Generallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()2.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledmorphology.()3.Thesentence “Thewomancan’tbearchildren ”isstructurallyambiguous.()4.Categorizationreferstotheprocessbywhichpeopleuselanguagetoclassifytheworldaroundandinsidethem.()5.Metaphorscancreatesimilaritiesbetweenthetargetdomainandthesourcedomain.()6.Accordingtoreferentialcontent,deixiscanbeputintopersondeixis,placedeixis,timedeixisanddiscoursedeixis.()7.Phrasestructurerulesarerulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.()8.ModalitycanbecategorizedintoprobabilityandUsuality.()9.Ageisnotthelearnerfactorthathasbeenanissueinsecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.()10.Register,asavarietyoflanguageinuse,isanalyzedonthreedimensions:field,modeandtenor.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.____________isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.A.creativityB.arbitrarinessC.displacementD.interchangeability2.Syntactically,Japaneseis____________language.A.analyticB.isolatingC.syntheticD.agglutinating3.ThegeneralroleslanguageplaysaretermedA.metalanguagesB.metafunctionsC.metadiscoursesD.metagrammar4.____________isaprocessthatcreatesanewwordbydroppingarealorsupposedsuffix.A.BlendingB.EponymsC.BackformationD.Clipping5.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalleda___________.A.suffixB.prefixC.morphemeD.morph__________theoriesarethosethatattempttoexplainacquisitiononthebasisofassuminganinnatebiologicalendowmentthatmakeslearningpossible.A.EnvironmentalistB.functionalistC.nativistD.bothaandb7.Wordsandphraseslikenow,yesterday,nextweek,inthreeday,etC.arecalled__________.A.persondeixisB.timedeixisC.placedeixisD.discoursedeixis8.Everysyllablehasa(n)__________,whichisusuallyavowel.A.nucleusB.onsetC.codeD.rhyme9.___________isdefinedasthestudyofmeaning.A.linguisticsB.semanticsC.morphologyD.pragmaticsA___________isamixedlanguagewhichhasbecomethemothertongueofaspeechcommunity.A.pidgin B.creole C.Esperanto D.naturallanguageIII.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththephr asesincolumnBandputa,b ?jintobrackets:(10points)A()1.Socialinguistics1文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .()2.AppliedLinguistics()3.Morphology()4.Phonetics()5.Linguistics()6.Syntax()7.Psycholinguistics()8.Pragmatics()9.Phonology()10SemanticsBa.theanalysisofsentencestructureb.theanalysisofmeaningincontextc.theanalysisofmeaningd.thestudyofsoundsystemsandpatternse.theapplicationoflinguistictheoriestootherspheresf.thestudyofspeechsoundsg.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocietyh.thestudyofwordstructurei.thescientificstudyoflanguagej.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmindIV.Foreachgroupofsoundslistedbelow,statethephoneticfeature(s)theyallshare:(10points)1.[t∫][dз2.][m][n][ɡ]3.[f][θ][s][∫4.[d][h][n][z][l][r]5.[i:][i][u:][u]V.Considerthefollowingwordsandfillintheform:(10points)WordsanalyzednumberofmorphemestroublesomefreemorphemesstepmotherpsycholinguisticsunderstatementantidisestablishmentarianismVI.Interpretatethefollowingambiguoussentences:(10points)Theduckistoohottoeat.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________Visitingfriendscanbeboring.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________VII.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.derivation 2.learnerfactorsVIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.Whatisthedifferencebetween “aredandaredcoat ”?Whatarethefeaturesofmodernlinguistics?AccordingtoAustin,whatdoesaspeechactconsistof?綜合測(cè)試題（二）I.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareideationalmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionandlogicalmetafunction.()2.Dualityisthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.()3.ModalitycanbecategorizedintomodalizationandmodulationaccordingtoHalliday.()4.Morphologyisthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords.2文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .()5.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeaning.()6.Secondlanguageacquisitionisacomplexprocesswhichinvolvessocialfactorsandlearnerfactors.()7.Varietiesofalanguageareoffourtypes:thestandardvariety,regionaldialets,sociodialectsandregisters.()8.Functionallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()9.Euphemismisanexpressionthatsubstitutesonewhichmaybeseenasoffensiveordisturbingtotheaddressee.()10.Intonationisthevariationofpitchtodistinguishutterancemeaning.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalled__________.A.languageB.metalanguageC.naturallanguageD.artificiallanguage2.[+continuant]specifies________________.A.allthefricativesB.allthefricativesandglidesC.allthefricativesandliquidsD.allthefricatives,liquidsandglides3._________isaprocessthatcreatesnewwordsbyputtingtogethernon-morphemicpartsofexistingwords.A.CoinageB.BlendingC.AcronmymsD.Clipping4.A__________isaminimaldistinctivelinguisticunit.A.morphemeB.wordC.phonemeD.allophones5.Theword“multinationalityhas___________morphemes.A.2B.3C.4D.56._________isatermwidelyusedinsociolinguisticstoreferto“varietiesaccordingtouse”,incontrastwithregionaldialectsandsociolects,bothofwhichare“varietiesaccordingtouser”.A.fieldB.modeC.tenorD.register7.__________areafundamentalunitofconversationalstructure.A.back-channelsignalsB.adjacencypairsC.pre-sequencesD.insertionsequencesTheideathatpeoplecooperatewitheachotherinconversingisgeneralizedbyGrice(1975)as____________.A.theprincipleofrelevanceB.cooperativeprincipleC.thepolitenessprincipleD.thetheoryofprototypes9.Beautyandsirenbothrefertoagood-lookingwoman,buttheydifferin__________.A.affectivemeaningB.styleC.collocationD.register10.“Johnexplainedthetheory”isa___________processaccordingtoHalliday.A.materialB.mentalC.verbalD.behavioralIII.Completetheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven:(10points)1.Specially,therearefourm__________undercooperativeprinciplegeneralizedbyGrice.M__________isunanimouslyacknowledgedbyresearchersandlanguageteachersasanimportantfactorinsecondlanguageacquisition.Aspeechactconsistsofthreedimensions.Theactofproducingameaningfullinguistic3文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .expression iscalled l_____________ act.Theactofcommunicating intention throughutteranceistermedi_____________act.Theactofbringingaboutaneffectisknownasp____________act.Thetransferenceofpropertiesofthesourcedomaintothetargetdomainisreferredtobysomecognitivelinguistsasm____________.C__________isaprocessthatshortensapolysyllabicwordbydeletingoneormoresyllables.Amorphememayberepresentedbydifferentforms,calleda___________,7.Thetermlanguagea___________referstothenaturalprocessofchildren ’languagedevelopment.Ad___________isavarietyofalanguagethatisdistinctivefromotherregionalvarietiesinvocabulary,grammarandpronunciation.IV.MatchthewordsunderlinedinColumnAwiththetypesofEnglishwordformationincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence:(10points)A()1.Thisvetisveryfamousinthetown.()2.Thisclassroomislargeandbright..()3.Heiswateringflowers.()4.Orlonisakindofclothmaterial.()5.Wattisthemeasurementunitofelectricity.()6.EECisanimportantorganizationintheworld.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper.()8.Theroadwasenlargedlastyear.()9.Someyoungpeoplehavebrunchquiteoften.Ba.Conversionb.Derivationc.Blendingd.Backformatione.Acronymf.Compoundingg.Coinageh.Eponymi.ClippingV.Pickoutthesoundthatdoesnotbelongtothegroupofthesoundsaccordingtothenaturalclassofsounds.Andthennamethefeature(s)thatdefinetheonepickedoutandthegroupofsounds:(10points)Forexample:1.[2.[3.[4.[5.[[z]voiced/voiceless_______________________[f][ θ][s][m][?][l][n][p][b][m][v][w][s][z][∫[d]з][з[i:][i][?][u][e][i:][?:][e][?]]____________]____________]____________]____________]__________________________VI.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence, “hisHebfoundokonWallStreet”:(10points)VII.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)4文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .languageandlinguisticssemanticsandpragmaticsVII.Answerthefollowingquestions:(40%)Howdoyouunderstandcreativity,oneofthefeaturesofhumanlanguage?WhatdoTabooandEuphemismmean?Whatistherelationshipbetweenthem?WhatarethegeneralroleslanguageplaysaccordingtoHalliday?綜合測(cè)試題（三）I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets.(10points)()1.Amorphemeisthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.()2.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()3.Theword “went”containstwomorphemes.()4.Theapproachthatanalyzeswordmeaningbydecomposingitintoitsatomicfeaturesiscalledcomponentialanalysis(CA).()5.Euphemismreferstoaprohibitionontheuseof,mentionof,orassociationwithparticularobjects,action,orpersons.()6.Thedistinctionbetweenafreemorphemeandaboundmorphemeiswhetheritcanbeusedindependentlyinspeechorwriting.()7.InEnglish,thetwoliquids[l]and[r]arephonemes,butinKorean,theyareallophones.()8.MoodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheSubjectandthePredicate.()9.Compoundingisonetypeofwordformationbycombiningbothfreemorphemesandboundmorphemes.()10.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthelexicon.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Thefollowingsareallfeaturesoflanguageexcept__________.A.dualityB.productivityC.changeabilityD.displacement2.Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenflourandfloweris__________.A.synonymyB.antonymC.polysemyD.homonymy3.______isaprocessthatputsanexistingwordofoneclassintoanotherclass.A.ConversionB.AbbreviationC.EponymsD.BlendingChildrenallundergo________stagesoflanguagedevelopment.A.babbling,two-word,holophrasticandthetelegraphicspeechB.babbling,two-word,telegraphicspeechandtheholophrasticC.babbling,holophrastic,two-word,andthetelegraphicspeechD.babbling,holophrastic,telegraphicspeechandthetwo-wordThefollowingsareacknowledgedasimportantfactorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionexcept_________.A.motivationB.nationalityC.ageD.learningstrategy6.Speakersconsiderthematteroffaceforthemselvesandothers.Basedonthisobservation,Leech(1983)proposes_____________.A.thecooperativeprincipleB.theprincipleofrelevanceC.thepolitenessprincipleD.speechacts7.Minimalpairscanbeexemplifiedby____________.5文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .A.moon/noon B.foot/food C.she/sheet D.sea/seaThefeaturesthatarefoundoverasegmentorasequenceoftwoormoresegmentsarecalled___________.A.distinctivefeatures B.non-distinctivefeaturesC.suprasegmentalfeatures D.freevariationThe____________function(sometimesalsoreferredtoasexperientialfunction)isrealizedbythetransitivitysystemoflanguage.A.ideational B.interpersonal C.textual D.logical10.Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalledroots,andboundmorphemes_________.A.prefixes B.suffixes C.affixes D.inflectionalmorphemesMatchthewordsunderlinedinColumnAwiththetypesofEnglishwordformationincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence:(10points)A()1.MostchildrenlikedrinkingCoca-cola.()2.UNESCOisabranchUnitedNations.()3.Thepolicemachinegunedthegang.()4.Ilikesandwichesverymuch.()5.Therearealotoffruitsinthefridge.()6.Infotechispopularnowadays.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper.()8.Hisstepmotherisverykindtohim.()9.Thestreetwaswidenedlastyear.Ba.Conversion b.Derivation c.Blendingd.Backformation e.Acronym f.Compoundingg.Coinage h.Eponym i.ClippingIV.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription.(10points)labiodentalsinterdentalsbackvowelshighvowelspalatalaffricatesV.MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracket.(10points)A()1.Thenoiseannoyedhim.()2.Thepolicecaughthim()3.Therearetwobooksonthetable.()4.Johnexplainedthetheorytome.()5.HewatchesTVeveryday.()6.TheconferenceisonMondayBa.Materialprocess b.Relationalprocess c.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocess e.Behavioralprocess f.Existentialprocess6文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .VI.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.arbitrariness2.voicingVII.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence, “Theycanfish ”.(10points)VIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenagreenhouseandagreenhouse?Whatisconversionintermsofwordformation?Illustrateitwithexamples.Whatarethecomponentsofmetaphors?綜合測(cè)試題（四）I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Englishisatonelanguage.()2.Boundmorphemesarealwaysattachedtofreemorphemestoformnewwords.()3.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeanings.()4.Metaphorisanessentialelementinourcategorizationoftheworldandourthinkingprocess.()5.Overgeneralizationisfounduniversalinsecondlanguageacquisition.()6.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareexperientialmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionanddiscoursemetafunction.()7.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()8.Therearetwotypesoflanguageintheworld:naturallanguageandartificiallanguage.()9.Coinageisaprocessofinventingwordsbasedonexistingmorphemes.()10Environmentalisttheoriesholdthatexperienceisofmoreimportancethaninnatecontributionsinlearningasecondlanguage.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Theword“antidisestablishmentariaism”iscomposedof______morphemes.A.sixB.sevenC.eightD.nine2.__________referstothevibratingofthevocalcordswhensoundsareproduced.A.VoicingB.VoicedC.NasalizationD.Aspiration3.Smogisa___________word.A.derivedB.clippedC.blendedD.compoundTheideathatthelearnershaveasenseofachievementaslongastheylearnifofvitalimportance.Thiskindofmotivationmaybetermed____motivation.A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.cognitiveD.noneofthem5.[u:]possessesthefeatures_____________.A.[+high][+back][+round][-tense]B.[+high][-back][+round][+tense]C.[+high][+back][+round][+tense]D.[-high][+back][+round][+tense]6.Englishisanexampleof_________languages.A.VSOB.SVOC.SOVD.SVO7.A________isthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.A.phonemeB.phoneC.morphemeD.morph8.Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalled_________.A.affixesB.prefixC.suffixD.root7文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .9.Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenelephantandanimalis__________.A.hyponymy B.synonymy C.antonymy D.homonymy10.Wordslikemaleandfemale,passandfail,etc.are________antonyms.A.gradable B.complementary C.reversal D.relativeMatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence.(10points)A()1.JohnistalkingtoJane.()2.Tomistheleader()3.Thereisacatonthebed.()4.Thebadnewsastonishedher.()5.Edwardbrokethewindow.()6.Hewavedhishands.Ba.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessIV.Statewhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesaresharedbythegroupofwords.(10points)Forexample:typewriter,ruler,notebook1.king,bachelor,son2.bull,rooster,stallion3.pine,rose,elm4.bravery,charity,devotion5.car,bike,plane[+stationary]________________________________________________V.Transcribethesoundrepresentedbytheunderlinedletter(s)inthewordsandthedescribeit.(10points)Example:far[a:]backlowvowel1.thread2.beat3.important4.live5.stop[[[[[]]]]]VI.Explaintheambiguityofthefollowingsentences.(10points)1.Shecannotbearchildren.(2)(3)______________________________________________2.Hehatesoldmenandwomen.(2)______________________________________________VII.Explainthefollowingtermswithexamples.(10points)1.2.CompoundingFreevariationVII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensemanticsandpragmatics?Whatarethefourparametersthatunderlieaspeaker’scommunicativecompetenceaccordingtoHymes(1972)?Whatarethethreetypesofantonyms(lexicalopposition)inEnglish?綜合測(cè)試題（五）I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Languageisdefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.()2.Languagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeaning.()3.The Swiss linguist Chomsky regarded thelinguistic sign ascomposed ofsound8文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .imageandreferent.()4.Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorfalse,past,presentorfuture.()5.Languageismerelygeneticallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.()6.Weuselanguageassymboliccodetorepresenttheworldaroundus.()7.Theideatonalfunctionoflanguagebindsindividualstogether.()8.Whenwespeakorwriteweusuallyconfineourselvestosinglephrasesorsentences.()9.Languageismostlyanaturalphenomenon.()10.Appliedlinguisticisconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesanddescriptionsinotherfields..Transcribethesoundunderlinedinthewordsandthendescribeit.(5points).5.GeographicRedSongClockPsychopathy.ThefollowingsetsofminimalpairsshowthatEnglish/p/and/b/contrastininitial,medial,andfinalpositions.(5points)Initialpit/bit Medialrapid/rabid Finalcap/cabFindsimilarsetsofminimalpairsforeachpairofconsonantsgiven:.5./k/-/g//m/-/n//l/-/r//b/-/v//b/-/m/.Eachofthefollowingcolumnsillustratesadifferentmorphologicalprocess.(10points)ColumnⅠA.chairsB.widerC.lookedD.Tom’sColumnⅡA.realityB.movementC.malcontentD.stepmotherColumnⅢA.blackboardB.greenhouseC.makeshiftD.paintwork(1)WhatmorphologicalprocessisshownbyColumnⅠ,ⅡandⅢ.(2)Whatisthemorphologicaldifferencebetweena),b)andc),d)inColumnⅡ..Tellwhetherpolarityormodalityisexpressedinthefollowingsentencesifmodality,thenidentifythetype(modalizationormodulation).(10points)1.Ihavenotfinishedthetask.2.Heoftencomestomyoffice.3.Iwillshowyouhowtomakeupthebed.4.Hehardlycamebacktoseehismother.5.Thecompanyoughttocutthepriceoftheproducts..Analyzethesemanticpropertiesofthegivencookingterms,usingthefeatures[+/-WATER],[+/-FAT],[+/-PAN],[+/-POT],[+/-OVEN],[+/-SIEVE],etc.(10points)boil:fry:steam:stew:bake:Ⅶ.Paraphrase eachofthefollowingsentencesintwo differentwaysto showthatyouunderstandtheambiguityinvolved:(15points)a).Theprofessor ’sappointmentwasshocking.b).Thedesignhasbigsquaresandcircles.c).Thegovernorisadirtystreetfighter..WhatmaximofthepolitenessprincipleisobservedbyB?Whatistheimplicature?(5points)a).Thedressislovely,isn ’tit?b).Thematerialisnice..Drawtwophrasestructuretreesrepresentingthetwomeaningsofthesentencethemagiciantouchedthechildwiththewand.Besureyouindicatewhichmeaninggoeswith9文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .whichtree.(10points).Answerthefollowingquestion:(20points)WhatisthefunctioningofstressandintonationinEnglish?Howdoyouaccountfortherelationbetweenphoneticsandphonology?綜合測(cè)試題（六）I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(20points)()1.Inthestudyofthefirststepisthetaskofauditoryphonetics.()2.Thesoundsourceisthelarynx.()3.Theoralcavitycontainsmostofthearticulators,namely,theuvula,thevelumthehardpalate.()4.Soundswhichareproducedwiththeupperteethtouchingthelowerliparelabialdentals.()5.Conversionisusuallyfoundinwordscontainingonemorpheme.()6.Abbreviationsareformedbyputtingtogetherthefinallettersofsomeorallwordsinaphraseortitle.()7.Eponymsarewordsthatoriginatefrompropernamesofindividualsorplaces.()8.Allmembers.ofaspeechcommunitycansendandtakemessages.()9.TraditionalgrammarwasinitiallybasedonEuropeanlanguage,particularlyonLatinandGerman.()10.Oneoftheimportantconceptsofstructuralgrammaristheconceptofimmediateconstituent.()11.Pragmaticsistheanalysisofmeaningincontext.()12.Themeaningscommunicatedthroughlanguageareortwotypes:conventionalmeaningsandintentionalmeanings()13.Anexpressionusedbyaspeaker/writertoidentifysomethingiscalleddeicticexpression.()14.Chomskytheoryofconversationalimplicatureisregardedasabreakthroughinpragmaticstudyoflanguageuse.()15.Relevanceisarelativenotion.Itisdeterminedbytwofactors:contextualeffectandprocessingeffort.()16.Modalitycanbecategorizedintomodalizationandintention.()17.Moodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheobjectandthefinite.()18.Relationalprocessesarelinguisticprocessesthatrepresentarelationbeingsetupbetweentwoseparate.()19.Mentalprocessesareprocessesofsensing.()20.ATGgrammarmustaccountforalloronlygrammaticalsentences..Dividethefollowingwordsbyplacinga+betweentheirseparatemorphemes.(5points)1.RetroactiveBefriendedTeleviseMarginEndearment10文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 ..WritetheoneproperdescriptionfromthelistunderBfortheitalicizedpartofeachwordinA.(5points)Aa.terrorized b.uncivilized c.terrorize d.lukewarm e.impossibleB(1)freeroot (2)boundroot (3)inflectionalsuffix (4)derivationalsuffix(5)inflectionalprefix (6)derivationalprefix (7)inflectionalinfix (8)derivationalinfix.Writeoutatleasttenstructurerulesthateachofthefollowingrulesabbreviate.(5points)VP→V(NP)(PP)(Adv)NP →(Det)(Adj)N(PP).Drawphrasestructuretreesforthefollowingsentences:(10points)a)Themanfoundtheletter.b)Thestudentsputthebooksintheclassroom..Writethesemanticfeaturesharedbythegivenwords.(5points).Bull,rooster,bachelor,boyMilk,water,alcohol,oilSquash,tennis,cricket,fencing,boxingIdea,concept,love,clarity,democracyPine,elm,willow,birch,poplarⅦ.Eachofthefollowingwordsisabasiclevelterm.Writeitssuperordinateintheleftblankandoneofitssubordinateintherightblank.(10points)..10.tablewillowcatbluedictionarypaintingdriververbchemistryjuice.Theoppositeofanalyticiscontradictory.Asentencethatisfalseduetothemeaningofitswordsaloneiscontradictory.Kingsarefemaleisanexample.WriteaCbythecontradictorysentencesandSforsituationalbysentencesthatarenotcontradictory.(10points)Mysisterisaman.Witchesarewicked.Mysisterisanonlychild.4.Theeveningstarisn’tthemorningstar.5.Theeveningstarisn’ttheeveningstar.Babiesareadults.Babiescanliftoneton.Puppiesarehuman.Mybachelorfriendsareallmarried.Mybachelorfriendsarealllonely.Ⅸ.Pig Latin isa commonlanguage gameofEnglish;buteven PigLatin hasdialects,formsofthe “l(fā)anguagegame”withdifferentrules.(10points)ConsiderthefollowingdatafromthreedialectsofPigLatin,eachwithitsownruleappliedtowordsbeginningwithvowels:Dialect1 “eat”“arc”[itme][arkme]Dialect2[ithe][arkhe]Dialect3[ite][arke]StatetherulethataccountsforthePigLatinformsineachdialect.Dialect1:Dialect2:Dialect3: ⑵Howwouldyou sayhonest,admire,andillegalin eachdialect? GivethephonetictranscriptionofthePigLatinforms.honestadmire.3.3.Illegal1.11文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .2.3..Answerthefollowingquestions:(20points)Whatisthefunctionofphonologicalknowledge?Exemplifythedifferencesbetweenanaphoricandcataphoricreference.綜合測(cè)試題（七）.Completetheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven:(10points)1.2.Thetermlareferstothenaturalprocessofc hildren ’slanguagedevelopment.Itisfoundthatchildrenallundergocertainstagesoflanguagedevelopment,namelytheb.stage,holophrasticstage,,thetwo-wordstage,andthetelegraphicspeechstage.Thepracticeoferroranalysisisdividedintoidescribingandexplaining.Sreferstotheanalysisofmeaning.Intheaspectofaffectivemeaning,statesmaniscommendinginsensewhilepoliticianisdDsynonymsarewordswhicharesimilarinmeaningbutusedindifferentdialectsofthelanguage.Inordertoavoidrepetitionthewriterneedstouseastoreplaceawordusedinthepreviousco-textwhenhe/shewantstocontinuetoaddressthatidea.8.9.Thesentence “Thebache