中考九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題研究五、介詞（基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、例題及練習(xí)題）

專題五介詞Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)ⅰ.命題點(diǎn)1介詞的基本用法1.考向1方式介詞方式介詞可以根據(jù)空格后的名詞判斷所需的方式介詞，如：①表示“用某種工具”通常用with；②表示“通過(guò)......方式或手段”或交通工具前通常用by；③表示“用某種語(yǔ)言”或顏色、服裝前通常用in；④通訊工具或電子產(chǎn)品前通常用on。with，on，by與in介詞用法示例with用具體的東西，后接表示工具或身體部位的詞withaknife用小刀；withyourhands用你的手on通過(guò)，用ontheradio通過(guò)收音機(jī)；onTV通過(guò)電視by用......手段或方式，后接動(dòng)名詞byreadingaloud通過(guò)大聲朗讀；bylisteningtomusic通過(guò)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)in用語(yǔ)言、聲音、原材料等inEnglish用英語(yǔ)；inalowvoice用低音by，in與on表示交通方式：①in/on+限定詞+交通工具。例：onhiscar開(kāi)車②by+交通工具。例：bybike騎自行車；bybus乘坐公共汽車2.考向2方位介詞介詞含義及用法示例in在較大的地方(國(guó)家、城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、水域等)inthecity在城市；inChina在中國(guó)在周圍環(huán)境是立體(即四面八方都有東西環(huán)繞)的地方inaforest在森林里；intheclassroom在教室里on與......的表面相接觸onthefloor在地板上；在任何廣闊的表面上onthefarm/moon在農(nóng)場(chǎng)/月球上與線的接觸，意為“相鄰、緊挨”WuhanstandsontheYangtzeRiver.武漢與長(zhǎng)江相鄰。at用于較小的場(chǎng)所(建筑物、公共場(chǎng)所等)athome在家；atthestation在車站beside在......旁邊Asweenjoyedourcoffee,amanenteredandsatdownbesideus.當(dāng)我們?cè)诤瓤Х鹊臅r(shí)候，一個(gè)人進(jìn)來(lái)坐在我們旁邊。over在......正上方，表示兩者不接觸Wecanbuildabridgeovertheriver.我們可以在河上建一座橋。above在......的上方，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。across在......對(duì)面Thereisabankacrossfromthestreet.街對(duì)面有一家銀行。在......各處，遍及acrossthecountry遍布全國(guó)along沿著，順著walkalong/downtheroad沿著路走below在......的下方，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.這件大衣蓋過(guò)膝蓋。behind在......后面Ijusthidbehindmytextbookandneversaidanything.我只是躲在我的書后面從不說(shuō)話。opposite與......相對(duì)，在......對(duì)面Thebankisoppositethesupermarket.銀行在超市對(duì)面。near在......附近Myhomeisneartheschool.我家在學(xué)校附近。under在......正下方，表示兩者不接觸Myschoolbagisunderthetable.我的書包在桌子下面。nestto緊靠......，緊挨著......Thesupermarketisnexttothepostoffice.超市緊挨著郵局。toward朝，向，對(duì)著Don’tthrowplasticbagstowardstheanimalsinthezoo.不要向動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物扔塑料袋。3.考向3時(shí)間介詞介詞含義及用法示例at用于具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)前或黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜前at6:00在六點(diǎn)；atnoon在正午；atdusk在黃昏；atnight在晚上by表示最遲在某一時(shí)刻或某一日期之前bynextMonday下周一之前；bythisafternoon今天下午之前；bynow到現(xiàn)在為止in表示一段時(shí)間，用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前inMay在五月；inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世紀(jì)；insummer在夏天；inthemorning在早上“in+時(shí)間段”表示將來(lái)“......(時(shí)間)以后”Theywillfinishtheworkinanhour.他們一個(gè)小時(shí)后將完成工作。on用于具體某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前，星期或節(jié)日前onAugust1stlastyear在去年的8月1號(hào)；ontheeveningofJune22nd在6月22號(hào)的晚上；onthesecondSunday在第二個(gè)星期天；onWomen’sDay在婦女節(jié)那天from說(shuō)明開(kāi)始的時(shí)間，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài)Ibegantolearndancingfromfiveyearsold.我是從5歲開(kāi)始學(xué)跳舞的。for表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程，for+時(shí)間段，主句用完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Ihavestudiedinthisschoolfortwoyears.我已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校讀了兩年書了。since表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)直至現(xiàn)在，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句用完成時(shí)IhavebeguntolearnEnglishsincesixyearsago.從6年前我就開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。during在......期間Hewastakentothehospitalduringthenight.他在夜間被送到醫(yī)院。before表示“在......之前”Washyourhandsbeforemeals.飯前要洗手。after與將來(lái)時(shí)連用，表示“......之后”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)與過(guò)去時(shí)連用He’llarriveattheairportafterfouro'clock.他將在四點(diǎn)鐘后到機(jī)場(chǎng)。表示“......之后”，后接時(shí)間段Ireceivedtheletteraftertwodays.我兩天后收到了這封信。4.考向4常見(jiàn)其他介詞介詞含義及用法示例with隨著，由于，表伴隨Withthedevelopmentofsociety,peoplepaymoreattentiontotheirhealth.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們更加關(guān)注健康。有，具有Thegirlwitharedhatisverybeautiful.那個(gè)戴著紅色帽子的女孩很漂亮。和......一起，和，同Afterclass,Iplayping-pongwithmyclassmates.放學(xué)后，我和同學(xué)一起打乒乓球。against對(duì)抗Ourteamplayedagainstyoursyesterday.昨天我們隊(duì)和你們隊(duì)比賽了。反對(duì)，違反，違逆fightagainstlaw違法緊靠，倚，碰，撞Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.當(dāng)雨點(diǎn)猛烈擊打窗戶時(shí)，本正在幫他的媽媽做飯。across常與go/walk連用，表示“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)”，著重指從一邊到另一邊，指從表面通過(guò)Whenyouwalkacrossthestreet,youcan’tbetoocareful.當(dāng)你過(guò)馬路時(shí)，你再小心也不為過(guò)。like像......一樣Shewaslikeaprincessinafairytale.她就像童話故事里的公主。including包括，包含Thereare10peopleincludingyou.包括你有10個(gè)人。about關(guān)于，對(duì)于abookaboutflowers一本關(guān)于花卉的書without不，沒(méi)有Heleftwithoutsayingany-thing.他什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)就走了。as像，如同HespeaksEnglishasanEnglishman.他像一個(gè)英國(guó)人一樣講英語(yǔ)。作為，當(dāng)作Youcanusethatglassasavase.你可以把那個(gè)玻璃杯當(dāng)作花瓶用。for給，對(duì)，供(表對(duì)象、用途)Wehavesomeinterestingandfunthingsforyouthisterm.這學(xué)期我們?yōu)槟銈儨?zhǔn)備了一些有趣且開(kāi)心的事情。為了(表目的)forawalk去散步；Canyoutranslatethisletterforme?你能為我翻譯這封信嗎?支持，擁護(hù)Ithinkyou’llbeformyopinion.我認(rèn)為你會(huì)贊成我的觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)椋捎赽efamous/knownfor因......而著名就......而言，對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)Sheistallforherage.就她這個(gè)年齡而言，她個(gè)子算高的了。Thereisnoneedforyoutogo.你不必走。向，往(表示方向或目標(biāo))IsthisthebusforZhengzhouUniversity?這是去鄭州大學(xué)的公交車嗎?past經(jīng)過(guò)，越過(guò)Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)我家嗎?around環(huán)繞，在.....周圍Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。ⅱ.練習(xí)題1.MoreandmorepeopleinQingdaogotoworksubwaynow.A.withB.onC.inD.by2.TheDragonBoatFestivalisthefifthdayofMayonthelunarcalendar(陰歷).A.inB.onC.atD.by3.ThisisaprivateletterTom.Nobodyelsecanopenit.A.forB.withC.fromD.about4.--WhichisyournewEnglishteacher?--Theyoungladyredoverthere.A.withB.inC.onD.for5.RobertHuntsometimesadvisesthestudentscommonproblems.A.inB.aboutC.withD.for6.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overDthrough7.Awomanstoodthewindow,watchingthechildrenplayinggamesinthegarden.A.byB.throughC.acrossD.on8.Ican’tseeLucybecausesheisthetree.A.aboveB.behindC.besideD.below9.選詞填空in，during，against，under，by，before，with，beside，at，without①Inthepicture,hesitsme,lookingveryhappy.②AllroadsleadtoRome.Theroadsarejustyourfeet.③YoucanimproveyourEnglishlisteningtoEnglishsongs.④OurclassaremuchsuretowinthebasketballgameClassThree.⑤Lookout!Lookatthetrafficlightscrossingtheroad.⑥Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican’tfinishthetaskontimeyourhelp.⑦M(jìn)oreandmoreyoungpeoplegoskatingwinter.⑧Weusuallyhavethefirstclass8:00inthemorning.Ⅱ.命題點(diǎn)2介詞短語(yǔ)及固定搭配ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.介詞與名詞的搭配atbirth出生時(shí)；athome在家；atnight在晚上，在夜里；attimes有時(shí)；atthemeeting在會(huì)上；atbreakfast早餐時(shí)；atschool在上學(xué)；atsea在海上；atpresent目前，現(xiàn)在；attable在用餐；attheageof在......年齡(歲數(shù))；atthebackof在......后面；attheendof在......結(jié)尾；atthefootof在......腳下；atthesametime同時(shí)；byair坐飛機(jī)；bybus坐公交車；byship坐輪船；bytrain坐火車；；bymistake錯(cuò)誤地；byaccident偶然地，意外地byhand手工，親手交付；bythetime到......的時(shí)候；bytheway順便說(shuō)一下；bytheendof到......結(jié)束時(shí)；duringtheday在白天；inEnglish用英語(yǔ)；infact事實(shí)上；inhistory在歷史上；inline成一直線，排隊(duì)；inlife一生中；inorder整齊，按順序；inorderto為了；inpublic當(dāng)眾；inperson親自，親身；insilence安靜地，沉默地；inspace在太空；instyle時(shí)髦的，流行的；insurprise驚奇地；intime及時(shí)；intown在鎮(zhèn)上；introuble處于困境；inahurry匆忙，急忙；inarow一排，一列，一行；inaword總而言之；inalowvoice小聲地；inone’seyes在某人的眼睛里；intheend最后；inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；inthefuture在未來(lái)；inthestreet在街上；intheway擋道，妨礙；inthisway用這種方法；inthatcase既然那樣，在那種情況下；inthefaceof面對(duì)(問(wèn)題、困難等)；inthemiddleof在......中間；ingreatdanger處于極大危險(xiǎn)中；onbusiness出差；ondisplay陳列，展覽；onduty值日，值班；onfoot步行；onshow展出；onsale廉價(jià)銷售，出售；ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)；onvacation在度假；ontheleft在左邊；onone’sown獨(dú)自；onweekends在周末；ontheright在右邊；onthetopof在......頂部onone’swayto在某人去……的路上；outofwork失業(yè)；outofsight消失，看不見(jiàn)；outofbreath上氣不接下氣；toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是；toone’sjoy使某人高興的是；withpleasure很樂(lè)意；withone’shelp在某人的幫助下；2.動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配belongto屬于；askfor要求；giveup放棄；knockat敲；laughat嘲笑；lookforwardto期望；lookthrough瀏覽；turnoff關(guān)掉；lookfor尋找；throwat扔向；【注意】：更多短語(yǔ)詳見(jiàn)專題八動(dòng)詞命題點(diǎn)63.形容詞與介詞的搭配beinterestedin對(duì)......感興趣；beangrywith對(duì)......生氣；bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格；befullof裝滿......，充滿......；befilledwith裝滿......；【注意】更多短語(yǔ)詳見(jiàn)專題七形容詞和副詞命題點(diǎn)4.固定句型It’stimeforsth.做某事的時(shí)間到了Itisadj.forsb.todosth.對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是......Whatdoessb.thinkof...?某人認(rèn)為......怎么樣?too...to...太......而不能......Thankyoufor...謝謝你(的)......makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.使某人有可能做某事5.其他常見(jiàn)介詞短語(yǔ)及固定搭配asfor至于；atfirst起初，起先；atlast最后；atleast至少；atmost至多；atonce立刻，馬上；accordingto根據(jù)；afterall畢竟；becauseof因?yàn)?；dueto因?yàn)?，由于；exceptfor除了；feelsorryfor對(duì)......感到抱歉；from...to...從......到......；insteadof而不是；thanksto幸虧，由于；asaresult結(jié)果；tostartwith首先，作為開(kāi)始；withthehelpofsb./withone’shelp在某人的幫助下；ⅱ.練習(xí)題17.Thehigh-speedtrainQingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.Thetrainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.A.fromB.amongC.inD.between18.Everyoneisborntheabilitylearn.A.into；toB.with；toC.on；inD.with；by19.Weshouldbekindtotheoldandtakecarethemindailylife.A.ofB.forC.withD.about20.--Whosedictionaryisthis?--Oh,it’sPeter’s.Hewaslookingiteverywhere.A.atB.forC.likeD.after21.HisopinionsaresimilaryoursbutdifferentJulia’s.A.to；fromB.from；toC.as；withD.with；as22.Ourteamwonthegame.Thecoachwaspleasedeachmember.A.withB.toC.atD.in23.I’msorrythatIwon’tgotoyourpartybecauseIhavetopreparemyexams.A.ofB.forC.withD.on24.Elephantsaregreatdanger,soweshouldsavethem.A.withB.atC.onD.in25.Imagineyou’reYuGong,whatcouldyoudoinsteadmovingthemountains?26.Thanksthegovernment,thepopulationofthepoolisgettingsmallerandsmaller,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimproved.27.Frankisanindependentboy.Hisparentsareproudhim.28.TheprogramI’maSingerisquitepopularstudentsthesedays.Theyoftentalkaboutitbetweenclasses.29.It’snotnecessarytofindafriendwhoisthesameyou.30.Asmiddleschoolstudents,wemustgotoschooltime.31.Graceoftengetsnervousbeforeshegivesaspeechpublic.32.Heleftschoolandbegantoworktheageoftwelve.Hewentthroughmanythings.33.Sarahisverygooddancingandsinging.Shewantstobeanactorinthefuture.34.Wecanlistensomesoftmusictomakeusfeelrelaxed.35.It’sverykind_youtohelpmewithmylessons,becauseit’shardformetolearnthemwell.36.Thebestwayofsolvingtheproblemistokeeptrying.

專題五介詞一、完形填空基礎(chǔ)題1.Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday.A.onB.toC.inD.of2.Onsunnydays,mygrandmaoftenreadsanovelthewindow.A.byB.forC.withD.from3.XinhuaZidian,ortheNewChineseDictionary,wasfirstpublished1953.A.onB.inC.atD.for4.Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmatesourwaytoschool.A.onB.atC.inD.under5.--Whatwereyoudoing5p.m.yesterday?--Iphonedyoubutyouweren’tathome.A.toB.atC.onD.by6.ShirleyisstillwaitingherflighttoNewYorkattheairport.A.withB.byC.forD.at二、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)題from，before，as，for，on，to，by，of，in，with7.It’sveryimportantustomakeaplanbeforeanewtermbegins.8.Icangooutonschoolnights,butIhavetobeback9o’clock.9.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgothereplanejustnow.10.TheusedcarboughtbyPeterlooksthesameanewone.11.Ireallyfeelthatcountrymusicbringsmehappiness.ItisbecauseofcountrymusicthatIfeelmylifeisfullsunshine.12.MissChenisourEnglishteacher.Shealwaystalkstouswithasmileherface.13.Thepostofficeisacrossthestation.Andyoucan’tmissit.14.Thegovernmentprovideshomelesspeoplenicehouses.三、語(yǔ)法填空奧運(yùn)會(huì)馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員YukoArimoriYukoArimoriisanOlympicmarathonrunner.Shewasborn15.Japanin1966.Atfirst,Arimorihaddifficultyin16.(walk)becauseofaproblemwithherlegs.Otherchildrenmadefun17.her.Hergymteacherhelpedhertogainconfidence,andArimorilearned18.trynewthings,suchasrunningtrack.19.hardwork,shebecameoneofthebesthighschoolrunnersinhercity.Eventually,ArimoritriedtojoinatoptrackteaminJapan.Whenaspot(地點(diǎn))opened20.am