殘奧會運動項目中英文介紹

北京殘奧會項目中英文介紹北京殘奧會的比賽項目有20個大項，即射箭、田徑、硬地滾球、自行車、馬術(shù)、5人制足球、7人制足球、盲人門球、盲人柔道、舉重、賽艇、帆船、射擊、游泳、乒乓球、坐式排球、輪471殘奧會20個大項的雙語介紹：Archery射箭Ingeneraloutdoorarcherycompetitions,thetargetisplacedatdifferentdistancesrangingfrom30metersto90meters,howeverinParalympicscompetitiononlya70meterdistanceisused.Inindoorcompetitions,thedistancesare18metersand25meters.Thesizeofthetargetalsovarieswiththedistance.Atthelongerdistances,ithasadiameterof122cmwhileatthe18meterdistanceitisonly40cm.Thearcheryclassificationsystemisdividedintothreedifferentclasses:ARST,ARW1andARW2.能進行分級，站姿稱為ARST級；坐姿組為：ARW1級和ARW2級。一般的室外射箭比賽，箭靶距離從30米至9070包括個人賽和團體賽。Athletics田徑ThecompetitionprogrammeincludesTrackandFieldevents,ThrowingandJumpingevents,theMarathonandPentathlon.Itinvolvesthelargestnumberofmaleandfemaleathletesandthelargestnumberofevents.參加田徑比賽的男女運動員人數(shù)也是最多的。Boccia硬地滾球Amatchconsistsoffourendsintheindividualsandpairscompetitionsandofsixendsintheteamdivision.Eachendcontinuesuntilbothteamshaveplayedalloftheirballs.Thematchisstartedbythrowingthewhitetargetballorthe"jack"intotheplayingarea.ThesameplayeralsorollsthefirstBocciaballascloseaspossibletothejack.Theathletesusetheirhands,feetoranassistivedevicewhererequired,topropeltheballs.Thereaftertheopposingteamthrowsuntiltheygetaballclosertothejackoruntiltheyhavethrownalloftheirteam'sballs.Playthenreturnstothefirstteam.Theendcontinuesinthismanneruntilbothteamshavethrownalloftheirballs.積分最高者獲勝。單打與雙打比賽每場4局，每局單打每個選手投6個球，雙打每個選手投363名隊員各投2開輪椅，否則判為罰分或被取消投擲球。Cycling自行車Athleteswithcerebralpalsycompeteonroadandtrackusingstandardracingbicycles.Athleteswithbalancedifficultiescompeteontricycles,butonlyinRoadevents.Athleteswithavisualimpairmentcompeteontandembicycles,bothRoadandTrack,withasightedpilot.Amputeesandriderswithotherpermanentphysicaldisabilities,competeonRoadandTrack,usingstandardracingbicycles.Athleteswhoarewheelchairusersandareunabletorideastandardracingbicycle,ortricycle,duetoseverelowerlimbdisabilities,competeinRoadeventsusingthree-wheeledhandcycles.Forallclasses,approveddisabilityspecificadaptationsarepermitted,ifnecessaryfortheimprovementofsafety.賽；公路賽包括個人計時賽和長距離個人賽（集體出發(fā)）。Equestrian馬術(shù)Inofficialcompetitions,Dressageriderscompeteintwotypesofcompetition:ChampionshipTest:CompetitorsperformsetmovementsasdefinedbytheIPEC.FreestyleTest(alsoknownasaKur):Riderscreatetheirownpatternofmovementscalledafloorplan.TheplanhastoincorporatecompulsorymovementsasdefinedbytheIPEC.Thetestisriddentomusicthattheriderchoosestomatchandenhancethepacesofthehorse.Thetestshouldclearlyshowtheunitybetweenriderandhorseaswellasrhythmandharmonyinallthemovementsandtransitions.個等級，團體賽無等級差別。Football5-a-Side5人制足球EveryFootballmatchisplayedbetweentwoteamswithfourblindathletesandonesightedorvisuallyimpairedgoalkeeperonthefieldaswellasfivesubstitutes.Additionally,eachteamhasaguidebehindtheopponent'sgoaltodirecttheplayerswhentheyshoot.殘奧會5被分為、、B3三個級別，上場的5人中4人屬于B1級，而守門員為B2級或B3級運5名場上隊員和5替補守門員各1名。Football7-a-Side7人制足球EveryFootballmatchisplayedbetweentwoteamswithsevenplayersoneachside,includingthegoalkeeper.Eachteamconsistsof12playerswiththreesubstitutionsallowedduringeachmatch.Amatchcannotcontinuewithfewerthanfourathletesonthefield.參加殘奧會7人制足球的各隊包括守門員在內(nèi)共7個人在場上比賽，每隊有3名替補。Goalball盲人門球AgameofGoalballisplayedbytwoteamsofthreeplayerswithamaximumofthreesubstitutesoneachteam.Competitionisdividedintomen'sandwomen'sdivisions.盲人門球運動員在比賽時不允許戴眼鏡或隱形眼鏡。上場運動員一律戴黑眼罩參加比賽。參賽隊由3名場上隊員和3名替補隊員組成。Judo柔道Thesportisopentoathleteswithblindness/visualimpairmentinseveralweightcategories.Thecontestlastsfiveminutes,forbothmenandwomenandthewinneristheathletewhoscoresanipponorwhoscoresthegreaternumberofpoints.ThesportisgovernedbytheInternationalBlindSportsFederation(IBSF)andfollowstheInternationalJudoFederation(IJF)rulesusedatothertop-level,able-bodiedjudoevents,withslightmodificationsforathleteswithavisualimpairment,whichallowthemcontactwiththeiropponentbeforethestartofthematch.為3個級別，共同參加比賽。參賽的視力障礙運動員，最低標準應(yīng)符合最佳已矯正視力低于0.1或視野小于20度。Powerlifting力舉Athleteswithaminimumdisabilitymustbeatleast14yearsofageandmusthavetheabilitytofullyextendthearmswithnomorethana20-degreelossoffullextensiononeitherelbowwhenmakinganapprovedliftaccordingtotherulesfortheirbodyweight.最低分級標準，才能具備參賽資格。Rowing皮劃艇RowingistheyoungestsportintheParalympicGames.ItwasintroducedtotheParalympicProgrammein2005andwillholditsfirstParalympiccompetitionsattheBeijing2008ParalympicGames.在今年的北京殘奧會上，皮劃艇首次被列為比賽項目。CompetitionisrunundertheInternationalSailingFederations(ISAF)RacingRulesofSailing,theIFDSRaceManagementandClassificationManuals.Weatherpermitting,racesconsistofnineseparateruns.Finalplacingsaredeterminedbytheaccumulationofpointsscoredineachrace.殘奧會帆船比賽的運動員分級工作由國際殘疾人帆船協(xié)會(IFDS)任命的分級委員會進行。以及視覺靈敏度。Shooting射擊Shootingcompetitionsaredividedintotwomajorevents:AirRifleandPistolcompetitionsatthreedistance:10,25and50m.Therulesdependonthegun,thedistance,thetarget,theshootingposition,thenumberofshotsandthetimelimit.Competitorsaccumulatepointsforthevalueoftheirshots.比賽分男子組、女子組和混合組，選手分別參加手槍和步槍的比賽。手槍分為10米、25米和50米項目，每個小項都采用電子靶。射擊比賽的規(guī)則因為分項、射程、射擊位置、子彈決定勝負。殘奧會射擊比賽規(guī)定步槍包括瞄準器的重量不得超過6公斤，輪椅、凳子、椅子、坐席等統(tǒng)稱為射擊椅"。Swimming游泳AFINAstandardeight-lane50mpoolisrequiredforcompetitionattheParalympicGames.Eventsareconductedasheatsforeightcompetitorsperclassandwiththefastesteightswimmersperclasscompetinginthefinals.Therearevariousformsforswimmerstostarttheirrace;inthewater,adivestartsittingonthestartingplatformorthetypicalstandingstart.求。各就各位”賽過程中接近池壁時，由引導員利用提示棒（竹竿一端綁上海綿）敲擊運動員背部提示。接力在水中出發(fā)。TableTennis乒乓球Onematchconsistsoffivesetseachbeingplayedto11points.Theobjectiveofthegameisfortheplayertocrosstheballintotheopponent'sarea,withouthimorherbeingabletosuccessfullyreturnit.Thegamebeginswithaserviceandthereisachangeinserviceeverytwopoints.Athletesareclassifiedinto11classes.Eachgameconsistsof5,7or9setsdependingonthecompetition.Thewinneristheathletewhowins3,4or5setsrespectively.Incaseofatie,thewinneristhefirsttoscoreatwo-pointdifference.Foreveryclassofmaleandfemaleplayerstherearesingles,doublesandteammatches.殘奧會乒乓球比賽分為坐姿組和站姿組比賽，坐姿組要坐在輪椅上進行比賽，采用五局11分制。每組設(shè)有5個級別，每個級別都設(shè)有男、女單打和團體項目。男、女坐姿1-5級、站姿6-10級還設(shè)有不分級別的公開級比賽。在團體比賽中可以合并級別比賽。VolleyballSitting坐式排球Thegoalofthegameisforteamstosendtheballoverthenetthroughthecrossingspaceandtogrounditonthecourtoftheopposingteam.Eachteamisallowedtohaveuptothreecontactswiththeball,beforeitreturnsittowardstheopposingteam.Theblockisnotconsideredasacontact.Eachgameconsistsofamaximumoffivesets.Eachofthefirstfoursetsiscompletedwhenateamwins25points,withaminimumleadofatleasttwopointsovertheopposingteam.Ateamhasamaximumof12players,oneofwhichistheteamleaderandanotherthelibero.行比賽，場地小于健全人比賽場地。坐式排球是一項集體比賽項目，每隊由12名隊員組成，兩隊各派6名隊員在由球網(wǎng)分開而防止球落在本方場區(qū)的地面上。每隊可擊球三次（攔網(wǎng)觸球除外），將球擊回對區(qū)。坐式排球比賽采用五局三勝制，勝三局的隊勝一場。Everyteamiscomprisedoffiveplayersandsevensubstitutes.Thematchconsistsoffourperiodsoftenminutes.Afterthefirstandthethirdperiodthereisanintervalofoneminute.Thereisa15-minuteintervalbetweenthesecondandthirdperiod.Ifthescoreistiedattheendofplayingtimeforthefourthperiod,thematchwillbecontinuedwithanextraperiodoffiveminutesorwithasmanysuchperiodsoffiveminutesasarenecessarytobreakthetie.參加輪椅籃球的每只隊伍，場上有5名運動員，另有7名替補。每場比賽共4節(jié)，每節(jié)10分鐘，第二場結(jié)束后，中場休息15分鐘。根據(jù)運動員在投籃、傳球、搶籃板球、帶球、移動輪椅時軀干的活動能力不同，分為1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5共8個分值。WheelchairFencing輪椅擊劍Intheable-bodiedsportofFencing,twofencerscompeteona14-metrestrip.InWheelchairFencing,thecompetitionisstatic.Thewheelchairsarefixedinplacetothegroundbymetalframesandthechairispreferablyclampedtobothsidesoftheframetokeepthechairfromtipping.Thefencerwiththeshortestarmsdecidesiftheplayingareawillbeathisdistanceorthatofhisopponent.Onehandholdsthefencingweaponandtheotherisusedtoholdontothechairwhenlungingandrecovering.體賽，團體比賽每隊有3名運動員參加，其中至少有1名B級的運動員（軀干活動度和持劍手有嚴重功能障礙的運動員）。WheelchairRugby輪椅橄欖球WheelchairRugbyisauniquesportcombiningsomeelementsofBasketball,Handba