動詞的種基本形式市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

動詞五種基本形式動詞五種基本形式為：動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去式，過去分詞。如：speak--speaks—speaking—spoke–spoken第1頁第三人稱單數(shù)改變規(guī)則a.普通情況在動詞原形后加s在清輔音后發(fā)音為[s]，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為[z]。如：①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]b.以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾動詞后加es發(fā)音為[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]c.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾動詞，先將y變成i，再加es讀[iz]如：fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]study－studies[z];worry－worriesd.以元音字母加y結(jié)尾動詞后加splay---plays第2頁e.以“o”結(jié)尾動詞，加“es”，讀[z]如：go－goes[z]do－does[z]下面幾個動詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時，原詞元音部分發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大改變，請注意記憶。如：1、do[du:]－does[dz]2、say[sei]－says[sez]以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾開音節(jié)詞，假如尾音是[s]，[z]時，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音，與所加“s”一起讀做[iz]。如：close－closes[iz]be動詞包含：am，is，are。第三人稱單數(shù)用is；過去式為was；復(fù)數(shù)用are，過去式為were.第3頁現(xiàn)在分詞改變規(guī)則a.在動詞后加ingwork----workingsleep-----sleepingstudy-----studyingb.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾動詞，去e再加ingtake-----takingmake-----makingdance-----dancingc.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾詞，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母再加ingcut-----cuttingput-----puttingbegin------beginningd.少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾動詞要變ie為y，再加inglie-----lyingtie-----tyingdie-----dying第4頁規(guī)則動詞過去式改變以下：1、普通情況下，動詞詞尾加-ed，如：work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted2、以不發(fā)音-e結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加-d，如：live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed，如：study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried第5頁4、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop---stopped5、不規(guī)則動詞過去式改變規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。go–wentmake–madeget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew不規(guī)則動詞過去式組成1．把動詞原形中i改為a，變成過去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam2．把重讀開音節(jié)中i改為o，變成過去式。如：drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote3．改動詞原形中aw／ow為ew，變成過去式。如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（動詞show除外，show—showed）第6頁4．動詞原形中e改為o，變成過去式。如：get—got，forget—forgot5．動詞原形中ee改為e，變成過去式。如：feed—fed，meet—met6．動詞原形中eep改為ept，變成過去式。如：keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept7．動詞原形中eak改為oke，變成過去式。如：break—broke，speak—spoke8．動詞原形中ell改為old，變成過去式。如：sell—sold，tell—told9．動詞原形中an改為oo，變成過去式。如：stand—stood，understand—understood第7頁10．以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是〔:t〕過去式。如：bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught11．以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為〔ud〕情態(tài)動詞過去式。如：can—could，shall—should，will—would12．把動詞原形中o改為a，變成過去式。如：come—came，become—became13．在動詞原形后加d或t變成過去式，而且發(fā)生音變。如：hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕，say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕14．動詞過去式與動詞原形一樣。如：let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕第8頁15．不符合上述規(guī)律動詞過去式。如：am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have／has—had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took過去式“-ed”發(fā)音規(guī)則（1）動詞詞尾為“t，d”時，發(fā)/id/音，want→wanted（要）need→needed（需要）（2）動詞詞尾為清輔音時，發(fā)/t/音。help→helped（幫助）laugh→laughed（笑）look→looked（看）kiss→kissed（吻）wash→washed（洗）watch→watched（注視）（3）動詞詞尾為t，d以外之濁輔音或元音時，發(fā)/d/音。call→called（叫）stay→stayed（停留）cry→cried（哭）第9頁過去分詞改變規(guī)則動詞原形加edworked,played,wanted,actedb.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾動詞，先將y變i，再加edstudiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptiedc.以e結(jié)尾動詞，直接加dlivedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwipedd.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾詞，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母再加ed.stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped第10頁

注:不規(guī)則動詞過去式改變規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew第11頁動詞過去式,過去分詞不規(guī)則改變AB型cancouldshallshouldwillwouldmaymightAAA型costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletmustmustmustputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutreadreadread第12頁AAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomecomecamecomerunranrun第13頁ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuildbuiltbuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentdigdugdug

hanghunghungfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptleaveleftleftsmellsmeltsmeltspillspiltspiltlaylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldsitsatsatspitspatspatstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltshineshoneshonewinwonwonhavehadhadmakemademadehearheardheardfindfoundfoundholdheldheld第14頁ABC型beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumblowblewblownflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrowndrawdrewdrawnshowshowedshownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewokewokendrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenriseroserisentaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenwritewrotewrittenam,iswasbeenarewerebeendodiddonegowentgone