Unit2Sailingtheoceansperiod1Warmingupandreading市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

SailingtheoceansUnit2第1頁Wordsminimumpoleoverheadoffshoreoutwardsecuremagneticadj.最小;最低n.地極;柱;桿adj.在頭上adv.在頭頂上;在空中adj.離岸;海面上adj.外面;向外adv.向外;在外adj.安全;可靠adj.磁;有磁性第2頁awkwardreferenceprecisesimplifyportableshortcomingupdatedtendencyreliableadj.難使用;拙笨n.參考adj.準(zhǔn)確;準(zhǔn)確vt.單一化;簡單化adj.輕便;手提n.缺點;短處vt.更新n.趨向;傾向adj.可靠;可信賴第3頁1Whatisanavigator?2Whatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?WarmingUpInpairsdiscussthesequestions:Anavigatorexploresnewroutesacrossthesea.Anavigatorexploresthesea;anexplorerdiscoversnewplacesonland.第4頁3Lookatthesefamouspeople.Aretheynavigatorsorexplorers?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?第5頁ZhengHe,intheyearbetween1405and1433,sevenlargetreasurefleetssailedwestwardsonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.UnderthecommandofZhengHe,thefleetssetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantotheRedSea,andthentraveledfurthersouth,discoveringtheeasterncoastofAfrica.HerenewedrelationswiththeKingdomsoftheEastAfrican.第6頁

WhenMarcoPolowasstillveryyoung,hedecidedtotraveltogetherwithhisfather.IttookthemmorethanthreeyearstotraveltoChina.Afternearlyseventeenyears’travelintheEast,Marcoandhisfatherwantedtoreturnhome.MarcoPoloMarcoPolowasborninVenicein1254.HewasthemostfamousforeignertovisitAsiaduringtheMiddleAges.第7頁JamesCook(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.CookenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamous2ndexpedition(1772-75)heexploredAntarctica.In1776inhisthirdandfinalvoyage,heexploredtheWestcoastofNorthAmericaanddiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.第8頁Navigatorissomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship,anaircraft,acar,etc,usingmapsandinstruments.

Navigator

seanauticalinstrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinents第9頁Explorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Explorer

landuseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinent第10頁1Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Pre-readingLookatthepicturesonpage11.Thenanswerthequestions.Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.第11頁

2Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtravelledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.第12頁3Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?

1_________________________2_________3_________4________________________compass(inancientChina)astrolabesextantsea/nautical/marinechart第13頁4Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?

Seacharts第14頁SAILINGTHEOCEANSReadingNowreadaboutwhatnavigationwaslikebeforemoderninstrumentswereused.第15頁1Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()

AtosetthecourseoftheshipBtomeasurethepositionoftheshipCtomeasurethespeedoftheshipDtotellthetimeBAComprehending1Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.第16頁Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship?第17頁Becausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.

3Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?第18頁SAILINGTHEOCEANSUsingnaturetokeepalongsidecoastlinePart1UsingnavigationalinstrumentstohelpPart2UsingcelestialbodiesUsingthewildlifeFindinglongitudeUsingtheseaFindinglatitudeUsingtheweather第19頁3

Whatwouldyoudoifyoucameacrossthefollowingproblemsduringyourvoyage?Readthechartbelowandfillinyourplansofactiontodealwiththem.Whatwouldyoudoif:Planofaction

Youwerefarfromlandandastormarose.waittillthestormisover,andthenfindyournewpositionandreturntoyouroriginalcourse第20頁Youknewyourlatitudebutdidn'tknowyourlongitude.Youwereblownoff-course.useknotstofindyourspeedandworkoutyourapproximatelongitude

usethecompassandtheastrolabe,quadrantorsextanttofindoutyourposition,returntoyourformercourse

第21頁Youwereoffshorebutyouneededmorefoodandwater.Youwantedtokeepastraightcourse.follownestingbirdstoshore;lookforspecialcloudformationsorfogoverstreamstofindlanduseacompass

第22頁Youwerelostwithnolandinsight.measureyourpositionusingthesunorstars;lookforseabirds,cloudformations,fogorseaweedtoshowthatlandisnearby第23頁Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.4

Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.Writetheanswersinyourownwords.Usingnature第24頁

2Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_____________________________________________________.3Sailorsused__________________________toincreasetheirspeed.

freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwinds第25頁

Usinginstruments

4Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1_________________________

2___________________________________________.measuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables第26頁

5Writedowntheworkingprinciplesofthefollowinginstruments:Beatingcircle:__________________________________________________________________.Astrolabe:

_______________________________________________________________.tocomparetheheightofthesunnowwiththepositionofthe'sunatmiddaytocomparethepositionoftheshipinrelationtosomestarsorthesun第27頁Quadrant:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.amorepreciseformoftheastrolabe,tomeasurehowhighstarsareabovethehorizon,andcomparethatmeasurementwithpreviousmeasurements(usingtheshipasoneofthefixedpointstofinditsposition)第28頁Sextant:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate,tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship(usingtwomirrorstofindtheship'sposition)第29頁5Imagineyouareonaboatwithtwenty-nineotherpeople.Youhaveasmallboxforyourpersonalthingsbutitcanonlyholdtenitems.Whatwouldyouneedforaweek'sjourneyacrosstheNorthSeatoEngland?第30頁CategoryItemsCategoryItemsClothesShoesHygieneToolsBeddingMedicinesGamesBooksshirt,trouserswaterproofbootssoapscissors,knifeblanketsea-sicktablets,coldmedicine

cards,chessnovels,essaycollections第31頁1.atthemercyof聽任…擺布，在…面前無能為力Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.have/showmercyonsb.寬恕或憐憫某人；withoutmercy毫不容情地Languagepoints第32頁Avoid(making)anyreferencetohisillness.千萬別提起他病。2.referencen.①提到;說到;包括

②附注;旁注

checkyourreferences要查對引證資料第33頁【知識拓展】referv.提到，說起，包括；參考，查詢，常與to連用。WhenIsaidsomepeoplearestupidIwasn’treferringtoyou.當(dāng)我說某個人很愚蠢時候，我沒有提到你。Ifyoudon’tknowwhatthismeans,pleaserefertothedictionary.假如你不知道這是什么意思，請查看字典。第34頁Shesimplifiedtheinstructionssothatthechildrencouldunderstandthem.她簡化了指令方便于兒童了解。3simplifyv.簡化;使單純Thatwillsimplifymytask.那可簡化了我工作。第35頁1.Thedatashouldbeupdatedonceaweek.這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。2.Mapsneedregul