新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第三版)1課后翻譯

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1課后翻譯Unitl孔子是中國(guó)歷史上著名的思想家、教育家,是儒家學(xué)派(Confucianism)的創(chuàng)始人,被尊稱為古代的"圣人"(sage)。他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在《論語(yǔ)》(TheAnalects)一書(shū)中?！墩撜Z(yǔ)》是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作,對(duì)后來(lái)歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究《論語(yǔ)》,就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化?？鬃拥暮芏嗨枷?，尤其是其教育思想，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在21世紀(jì)的今天,孔子的學(xué)說(shuō)不僅受到中國(guó)人的重視，而且也越來(lái)越受到整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的重視。ConfuciuswasagreatthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HewasthefounderofConfucianismandwasrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient“sage,HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedinTheAnalects.AnenduringclassicofancientChineseculture,TheAnalectshashadagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writers,andstatesmenthatcameafterConfucius.Withoutstudyingthisbook,onecouldhardlytrulyunderstandthethousands-of-years'traditionalChineseculture.MuchofConfucius，thought,especiallyhisthoughtoneducation,hashadaprofoundinfluenceonChinesesociety.Inthe21stcentury,ConfucianthoughtnotonlyretainstheattentionoftheChinese,butitalsowinsanincreasingattentionfromtheinternationalcommunity.Unit2每年農(nóng)歷(Chineselunarcalendar)八月十五是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中秋節(jié)(theMid-AutumnFestival)〇這時(shí)是一年秋季的中期,所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的ー項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)是賞月。夜晚,人們賞明月、吃月餅,共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時(shí)刻,遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子,會(huì)借此寄托自己對(duì)故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情。中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多,都寄托著人們對(duì)美好生活的熱愛(ài)和向往。自2008年起,中秋節(jié)成為中國(guó)的法定節(jié)假日。AccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar,August15ofeveryyearisatraditionalChinesefestival-theMid-AutumnFestival.Thisdayisthemiddleofautumn,soit'scalledMid-Autumn.OneoftheimportantMid-AutumnFestivalactivitiesistoenjoythemoon.Onthatnight,peoplegathertogethertocelebratetheMid-AutumnFestival,lookingupatthebrightmoonandeatingmooncakes.Thefestivalisalsoatimeforfamilyreunion.Peoplelivingfarawayfromhomewillexpresstheirfeelingsofmissingtheirhometownsandfamiliesatthisfestival.Therearemanycustomstocelebratethefestival,allexpressingpeople，sloveandhopeforahappylife.Since2008,theMid-AutumnFestivalhasbecomeanofficialnationalholidayinChina.Unit3中國(guó)航天業(yè)開(kāi)創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來(lái),中國(guó)航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)奇跡。1970年,中國(guó)成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星,成為世界上第五個(gè)獨(dú)立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國(guó)家。1992年，中國(guó)開(kāi)始實(shí)施載人航天飛行工程(mannedspaceflightprogram)。2003年,中國(guó)成功發(fā)射了"神舟五號(hào)”載人飛船，使中國(guó)成為第三個(gè)發(fā)射載人飛船的國(guó)家。2007年發(fā)射了‘‘嫦娥ー號(hào)”，即第一顆繞月球飛行(lunar-orbiting)的人造衛(wèi)星。2013年，第五艘載人飛船’‘神舟十號(hào)"發(fā)射成功,為中國(guó)空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。China,sspaceindustrywaslaunchedin1956.Overthepastdecades,China*sspaceindustryhascreatedonemiracleafteranother.In1970Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite,rankingChinathefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlydevelopandlaunchman-madeearthsatellites.In1992Chinabegantocarryoutthemannedspaceflightprogram.In2003ChinalaunchedShenzhou-5,amannedspaceship.ThesuccessfullaunchmadeChinathethirdcountrytolaunchmannedspaceships.In2007Chang'e-1,thefirstlunar-orbitingman-madesatellite,wassenttospace.In2013Shenzhou-10,thefifthmannedspaceship,waslaunchedsuccessfully,layingthefoundationforbuildingtheChineseSpaceStation.Unit4鄭和是中國(guó)歷史上最著名的航海家(maritimeexplorer)〇公元!405年,明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防(borderdefense)和開(kāi)展海上貿(mào)易,派鄭和下西洋(theWesternSeas)〇在此后的28年里,鄭和帶領(lǐng)船隊(duì)七下西洋,前出海的人員有10多萬(wàn)人,訪問(wèn)了30多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。船隊(duì)縱橫南亞、亞,一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋是世界航海(navigation)史上的壯舉,展現(xiàn)了鄭和卓越的航海和組織才能,同時(shí)展現(xiàn)了明朝的國(guó)力和國(guó)威(nationalstrengthandprestige),加強(qiáng)了明朝和海外各國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。ZhengHewasthemostfamousmaritimeexplorerinChinesehistory.In1405AD,theruleroftheMingDynastysentZhengHeonavoyagetotheWesternSeasinordertostrengthenborderdefenseanddeveloptradebysea.Inthefollowing28years,ZhengHeledhisfleet,madesevenvoyagestotheWesternSeaswithoverlOO,000crewmembersintotal,andvisitedmorethan30countriesandregions.ThefleettraveledfarintoSouthAsiaandWestAsia,andmadeallthewaytothecontinentofAfrica.ZhengHe'svoyagestotheWesternSeaswereagreatfeatintheworld'snavigationhistory.ItshowedZhengHe'soutstandingnavigationandorganizationtalents;meanwhile,itexhibitedthenationalstrengthandprestigeoftheMingDynasty,andstrengthenedtherelationshipsbetweentheMingDynastyandtheoverseascountries.Unit5太極拳(TaiChi)是ー種武術(shù)(martialarts)項(xiàng)目,也是一種健身運(yùn)動(dòng),在中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動(dòng)作緩慢而柔和,適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。太極拳既可防身,又能強(qiáng)身健體,因而深受中國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)。太極拳在發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,借鑒并吸收了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容(element),成為特色鮮明的ー項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為中國(guó)特有的一種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式,太極拳也越來(lái)越受到眾多外國(guó)朋友的喜愛(ài)。TaiChiisakindofmartialarts,andafitnessexerciseaswell.IthasalonghistoryinChina.Withslowandgentlemovements,TaiChiissuitableforpeopleofanyage,sex,orbodytypetopractice.Itcanbeusedtoprovideself-defenseaswellasbuildthebody.Therefore,ithasbecomeverypopularamongChinesepeople.Duringitsdevelopment,fFaiChiborrowedandabsorbeddesirableelementsfromtraditionalChinesephilosophy,medicine,andmartialarts,andithasdevelopedintoasportwithuniquefeatures.AsauniquesportinChina,TaiChiisalsogainingincreasingpopularityamongmanyforeignfriends.Unit6改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展,取得了引人矚目的成就。中國(guó)政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位,堅(jiān)持科教興國(guó)(revitalizethecountry),全面提倡素質(zhì)教育(quality-orientededucation)。同時(shí),積極推進(jìn)教育公平,保障人人有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)的教育成就反映在兩個(gè)不同的層面:一?個(gè)是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育(nine-yearcompulsoryeducation),另ー個(gè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化(masshigheducation)〇教育的發(fā)展為中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。近年來(lái),為適應(yīng)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,中國(guó)政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。Sinceitseconomicreformandopening-uptotheworld,China，seducationhasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentandmaderemarkableachievements.TheChinesegovernmentgivestopprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation,persistsinrevitalizingthecountrybyscienceandeducation,andfullyadvocatesquality-orientededucation.Meanwhile,itactivelypromotesequalityineducationtoguaranteeeveryoneaccesstoeducation.China*sachievementsineducationcanbereflectedintwodifferentlayers:Oneisthepopularizationofthenine-yearcompulsoryeducation;theotheristherealizationofmasshighereducation.ThedevelopmentofeducationhasmadesignificantcontributionstoChina*seconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Inrecentyears,tosatisfytheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,theChinesegovernmenthasspedupthetrainingofqualifiedpersonnelurgentlyneededinvariousfields.Unit7世界自然基金會(huì)(WWF)是ー個(gè)致カ于有關(guān)保護(hù)、研究和修復(fù)環(huán)境議題的國(guó)際性非政府組織。該組織最初于1961年被命名為世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)。1986年,它更名為世界自然基金會(huì),以更好地反映其活動(dòng)范圍。它是世界上最大的、獨(dú)立的自然保護(hù)組織，擁有世界各地超過(guò)500萬(wàn)的支持者，在100多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展工作,并援助約1,300個(gè)與自然和環(huán)境保護(hù)有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。它的任務(wù)是阻止破壞地球的生態(tài)環(huán)境，建立一個(gè)能使人類與自然和諧相處的未來(lái)。目前,其大部分工作都集中在對(duì)海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保護(hù)。在其他問(wèn)題上,它也關(guān)注瀕危物種,污染和氣候變化?，F(xiàn)在他們最需要的是資金,以履行其使命和處理與自然保護(hù)有關(guān)的突發(fā)事件。TheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)isaninternationalnon-governmentalorganizationworkingonissuesregardingtheconservation,researchandrestorationoftheenvironment.TheorganizationwasoriginallynamedtheWorldWildlifeFundinl961.In1986,itchangeditsnametoWorldWideFundforNaturetobetterreflectthescopeofitsactivities.Withoverfivemillionsupportersworldwide,itistheworld,slargestindependentconservationorganization,workinginmorethan100countriesandsupportingabout1,300conservationandenvironmentalprojects.Itsmissionistostopdestroyingtheplanet,snaturalenvironmentandtobuildafutureinwhichhumansliveinharmonywithnature.Currently,muchofitsworkfocusesontheconservationofoceansandcoasts,forests,andfreshwater.Amongotherissues,itisalsoconcernedwithendangeredspecies,pollutionandclimatechange.Theynowneed,aboveall,moneytocarryoutitsmissionsandhandleconservationemergencies.Unit8新中國(guó)成立以來(lái),特別是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)政府在生態(tài)環(huán)境(eco-environmental)保護(hù)方面做出了大量努力,取得了有效進(jìn)展。政府采取了一系列保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重大舉措,譬如積極推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程,加強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)(ecosystem)及生物多樣性保護(hù)(biodiversityconservation),建立了一批自然保護(hù)區(qū)(naturereservation)＞生態(tài)示范區(qū)(ecologicaldemonstrationzones)＞風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和森林公園。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然和諧相處,是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)(harmonioussociety)的重要目標(biāo)之ー。環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。Sincethefoundi