新視野大學(xué)英語教案（配套教案／導(dǎo)學(xué)案）

SectionAWHEREPRINCIPLESCOMEFIRSTI.PurposeToenlargestudents'vocabularyandsentencepatternToimprovethestudents'readingcomprehension.Letthestudents'recognizethewritingstyleandlearntowriteII.ImportantandDifficultPointsBackgroundInformationtheHydeSchoolIn1996,JosephW.GauIdfoundedthefirstHydeSchoolinBath,Maineinresponsetoasystemofeducationwhichhebelievedwasfailingitschildrenbecauseofconflictingpriorities.Hissearchforanewapproachineducationledtoaprogramthatvaluedattitudeoveraptitude,effortoverability,andcharacterovertalent.Thisemphasiscreatesalearningenvironmentwherestudentsexperiencesuccesswithintegrity,thekindofsuccessthatlastsalifetime.GauldestablishedtheHydecurriculum,baseduponFiveWords,ratherthanfivesubjects:Courage,Integrity,Leadership,Curiosity,andConcern;andheincorporatedthemintoeveryfacetoftheprogram.Theschoolcherishestheideathateducationalreformmustbeginwiththefamily.Actually,theFamilyEducationProgramiswhatmakestheHydeeducationunique.Theschoolbelievesthatparentsaretheprimaryteachersandthehomeistheprimaryclassroom.Thisworkwithfamiliesformorethan35yearshasledtheschooltoanumberofdiscoveries.OneofHyde'sbasicpurposesistodevelopcharacter.Thisfocusoncharacterunleashesthedeepestmotivationinstudents'self-discovery.Theschoolhelpsstudentsanswerthreequestions:WhoamI?WhereamIgoing?WhatdoIneedtodotogetthere?Relationshipsbuiltuponhonestyandconcerncanalsobekeytohelpingstudents.Hydehascreatedanewstudentrole,wherestudents,parents,andfacultyarerequiredtohelpothersachievetheirbest.Today,therearefourHydeSchools,includinginner-citymodelsinNewHaven,ConnecticutandWashingtonDC,nationalprogramsforparentsandteachers,andanumberofestablishedpartnershipswithpublicschoolsthroughoutthecountry.NewWords&Expressions:publicity:n.1)noticeorattentionfromthepublicornewsmedia公眾的主意,名聲r(shí)eceive/seek/avoidpublicity引起/追求/避免公眾注意2）宣傳,宣揚(yáng)Thepublicityforthebookwaspoorandsaleswerelow.該書宣傳工作沒有做好,所以銷量不大。public:a. inpublic公開地,當(dāng)眾cultivate:vt.1）preparelandandgrowcropsonit耕作,栽培,養(yǎng)殖Shealsocultivatedasmallgardenofherown.她自己也種了一小塊菜地。OliveshavebeencultivatedforcenturiesinsomecountriesintheMiddleEast.橄欖樹在中東ー些國(guó)家已種植了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了。2）develop;improve培養(yǎng),陶冶,發(fā)展Shereadthebestauthorsinanattempttocultivatehermind.她為陶冶情操而閱讀最優(yōu)秀作家的作品。Cultivatingapositiveattitudetowardsyourselfcanreaptremendousbenefits.對(duì)自己有一種正確的心態(tài)能受益頗多。comprehensive:a.includingeverythingornearlyeverythingthatisconnectedwithaparticularsubject廣泛的，綜合的acomprehensivetest綜合測(cè)試aguidebookgivingcomprehensiveinformationonthearea一本提供了該地區(qū)綜合信息的導(dǎo)游書Compare:comprehensible:a.easytounderstandThebookiswritteninclear,comprehensiblelanguage.這本書寫得明了易懂。comprehension:n.1）理解（力） 2）理解力測(cè)驗(yàn)controversial:a.causingpublicdiscussionanddisagreement弓I起爭(zhēng)論的,有爭(zhēng)議的acontroversialnewlaw有爭(zhēng)議的新法律Governmentaidtoeducationisacontroversialsubject.政府資助教育是ー個(gè)尚有爭(zhēng)議的話題。controversy:n.publicdiscussionanddisagreementaboutsth.爭(zhēng)論，辯論Theplansforchangingthecitycentrecausedagreatdealofcontroversy.市中心的改建計(jì)劃引來很多爭(zhēng)議。apoliticalcontroversyoverhumanrightsabuses關(guān)于濫用人權(quán)的政治爭(zhēng)議suspend:vt.1）stopofdelaysth.foratime暫停,中止Somerailservicesweresuspendedduringthestrike.罷工期間，有些鐵路服務(wù)中止了。Theyoungmanwasgivenasuspendedsentence.這個(gè)年輕人被判緩刑。2）hangsth.up懸,掛,吊Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.天花板上吊著ー盞燈。suspension（86）:n.1）暫停，中止2）暫令停止參加,暫時(shí)剝奪3）（汽車等防止振動(dòng)、顛簸的）懸架,懸置機(jī)構(gòu)4）懸浮液5)懸,掛,吊strain:n.1)astateofworryandtension極度緊張,過勞;(對(duì)精力、體力、能カ的)苛求,壓カHeisunderalotofstrainatwork.他承受著很大的工作壓カ。Mum'sillnesshasputastrainonthewholefamily.媽媽的病使全家人擔(dān)憂。2)theconditionofbeingpulledorstretchedtootightly拉緊，繃緊Theropefinallybrokeunderthestrain,繃緊的繩子終于斷了。3)張カWhatisthebreakingstrainofthiscable?這纜索的致斷拉カ是多少?4)扭傷,拉傷apainfulstrain使人疼痛的扭傷5)［常p/.］旋律,曲調(diào)Iheardthestrainsofthechurchorgan.我聽到教堂風(fēng)琴奏出的音樂。6)品種,品系,家系anewstrainofwheat小麥的新品種7)氣質(zhì),個(gè)性特點(diǎn)There'sastrainofmadnessinthefamily.那一家人都有點(diǎn)瘋瘋癲癲的。vt.1)扭傷,拉傷strainamuscle,one'sheart肌肉、心肌勞損2)putalotofpressureonsth.盡力使用,使緊張strain(one'sears)tohearaconversation聚精會(huì)神地聽別人交談Moneyproblemshavestrainedtheirrelationship.錢的問題使他們關(guān)系緊張。3)拉緊,繃緊strainarope(untilitbreaks)把繩子拉緊(直到拉斷)vi.makeagreatefforttodosth.盡力,努力Severalthousandsupportersstrainedtocatchaglimpseofthenewpresident.幾千名支持者盡力想看一眼新總統(tǒng)。preliminary:1)ingbeforeorpreparingforsth.elsethatismoreimportant預(yù)備的,初步的apreliminarymeeting預(yù)備會(huì)議Afterafewpreliminaryremarksthediscussionsbegan.幾句開場(chǎng)白后,討論就開始了。2)n.［常pリ初步做法,起始行為thenecessarypreliminariestoapeaceconference為召開和平會(huì)議而舉彳亍的必要的籌備會(huì)minority:n.1)agroupofpeoplewhoareofadifferentraceorreligiontomostpeopleinthecommunityorcountrywheretheylive少數(shù)民族SchoolsinBritainneedtodomoretohelpchildrenofethnicminorities.英國(guó)學(xué)校需要給予少數(shù)民族兒童更多的幫助。2)thesmallernumberorpartofagroup;lessthanhalf少數(shù),少數(shù)派Thesetroubledstudentsareonlyaminority.這些有問題的學(xué)生只是少數(shù)。Mostwomencontinuetoworkwhentheyaremarried.Onlyaminoritystaysathome.多數(shù)婦女婚后依然工作,只有少數(shù)會(huì)待在家里。minor:a.1）較小的,較少的2）次要的“1）未成年人2）副修科目conventional:a.1）followingwhatistraditionalorcustomary普通的,習(xí)慣的,常規(guī)的aconventionaldesign,method傳統(tǒng)的式樣、方法Thehousewasbuiltwithconventionalmaterialsbutinatotallynewstyle.房屋用的是傳統(tǒng)建筑材料,但風(fēng)格卻是全新的。conventionalweapons,warfare,etc.常規(guī)的武器、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等2）basedongeneralagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehaveincertaincircumstances符合習(xí)俗的,因循守舊的She'ssoconventionalinherviews.她的觀點(diǎn)太保守。convention:n.1）習(xí)俗,慣例2）公約，協(xié)議3）（正式）會(huì)議,（定期）大欝reform:v.1）vt.changesth.inordertomakeitbetter改革,改良,改造reformtheexaminationsystem改革考試制度Youhavetoreformthemanagementofthecompany.你得改革公司的管理制度。2）vi.behavebetterorfitintosocietybetter改正，改過自新He'sdonewronginthepastbuthehasmadeseriouseffortstoreform.他過去做了錯(cuò)事,但現(xiàn)在在努力改過自新。n.changesinsth.inordertomakeitbetter改革,改良,改造amajorreformtothesystem對(duì)這ー制度的重大改革politicalreforminEasternEurope東歐的政治改革areformpolicyー項(xiàng)改革制度moral:n.1）standardsorprinciplesofgoodbehavior[pl.]道德,品彳亍,道德規(guī)范Theyhavenomorals.他們沒有道德觀念。Westernideasandmorals西方理念和道德觀2）寓意Themoralofthisstoryis'Betterlatethannever'.這個(gè)故事的寓意是’遲做總比不做好‘。a.道德（上）的,有道德的amorallaw/duty道德律/道義上的責(zé)任Compare:morale:n.thewaythatagroupofpeoplefeelataparticulartime士氣,斗志Theteam'smoralewashighbeforethematch.賽前隊(duì)員們的士氣很高。Lowpayinrecentyearshasledtolowmorale.近年來的低工資導(dǎo)致了士氣低落。curriculum:n.（pl.curriculumsorcurriculA.allthesubjectsthataretaughtinaschool,college,oruniversity;thecontentsofaparticularcourseofstudy課程,（學(xué)校等的）全部課程Latinisnotonthecurriculumatourschool.我們學(xué)校的課程中沒有拉丁語Thecurriculumforforeignlanguagesemphasizescommunicationskills.外語課程強(qiáng)調(diào)交際能力。admission:n.1)permissiontoenteraschool,aclub,apublicplace,etc.準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入,準(zhǔn)許加入Allthosewhowerenotwearingatiewererefusedadmissiontotheclub.凡不戴領(lǐng)帶的人都不允許進(jìn)入俱樂部。AdmissionstoBritishuniversitieshaveincreasedby15%thisyear.今年,英國(guó)大學(xué)的入學(xué)率增加了15%。theamountofmoneythatonepaystoenteraplace入場(chǎng)費(fèi),入場(chǎng)券Themuseumcharges$5admission.博物館的門票是5美元。astatementthatsth.,usuallyunpleasant,istrue承認(rèn)，供認(rèn)Iviewedhersilenceasanadmissionofguilt.我認(rèn)為她的沉默就是承認(rèn)有罪。Compare:admittance:n.(fml.)beingallowedtoenteraplace(esp.aprivateone);therighttoenterNoadmittance.禁止入內(nèi)。Thejournalisttriedtogainadmittancetotheminister'soffice.記者力爭(zhēng)獲得進(jìn)入部長(zhǎng)辦公室的權(quán)利。session:n.1)aperiodoftimeormeetingarrangedforaparticularactivity(從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的)集會(huì)(或一段時(shí)間)There'llbeaquestion-and-answersessionattheendofthismorning'slecture.上午講座結(jié)束時(shí)會(huì)有一段答疑時(shí)間。2)ameetingorseriesofmeetingsofanofficialbodysuchasaparliamentoralawcourt會(huì)議,ー屆會(huì)anemergencysessionofparliament國(guó)會(huì)緊急會(huì)議Thecourtwasinsession.法庭開庭了。utmost:1)n.thegreatestextent,amount,degree,etc.thatispossible極限,極度，最大可能.Thebestplanistocontinuetoattackhimtotheutmostofourpower.最好的計(jì)劃就是繼續(xù)盡力攻擊他。2)a.greatest極度的,最大的amessageofutmostimportance極為重要的消息Utmostcaremustbetakenwhenyoudothiskindofexperiment.你做這種實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)必須極為小心。do/tryone'sutmost:do/tryone'sbest竭力,盡全力Ididmyutmosttohelp.我已盡力幫忙。Hewilltryhisutmosttohelpthembymeansofhisconventionalmedicalknowledge.他會(huì)盡力用他所知道的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療知識(shí)來幫助他們。worthwhile:a.enjoyable,useful,orsatisfyingenoughtobeworththecostoreffort值得(做)的Workingforsolittlemoneyjustisn'tworthwhile.為這么點(diǎn)錢工作不值得。Medicineisaveryworthwhilecareer,醫(yī)學(xué)工作是ー項(xiàng)很值得從事的職業(yè)。outset:n.beginning開始,開端Therehavebeendifficultieswiththefirmrightfromtheoutset.公司——開始就困難重重。Attheoutsethehadputhistrustinme,thesonofhisoldfriend.ー開始他就很信任我ーー他老朋友的兒子。at/fromtheoutset開端,開始o(jì)ptimistic:a.hopingorbelievingthatwhathappensinthefuturewillbegoodorsuccessful樂觀(主義)的I'veappliedforthejobbutI'mnotveryoptimisticaboutmychancesofgettingit.我應(yīng)聘那項(xiàng)工作,但對(duì)得到它并不樂觀。ThePresidentsaysheisoptimisticthatanagreementcanbeworkedoutsoon.總統(tǒng)說,他對(duì)盡快達(dá)成協(xié)議持樂觀態(tài)度。Heisinanoptimisticmood.他的情緒很樂觀。optimism(B6):n.樂觀,樂觀主義pessimistic:a.悲觀(主義)的faculty:n.1)(usuallywiththearticle"the")teachingstaffofaschool,orauniversityoracollegedepartment(usedwitheitherasingularorapluralverB.全體教員Thefacultyhas/havebeeninvitedtothemeeting.全體職エ都受邀參加該會(huì)議。onedepartmentinauniversity,college,etc.系,學(xué)科,學(xué)院theFacultyofLaw法律系theFacultyofSocialandPoliticalScience社會(huì)政治科學(xué)系oneofthenaturalabilitiesofaperson'sbodyormind能力,技能,天賦thefacultyofhearing聽カthefacultyofsight視カinsult:1)vt.speakoractrudelytosb.侮辱,辱罵IfeltveryinsultedwhenIdidn'tevengetananswertomyletter.當(dāng)我連回信都沒有得到時(shí),我感到受了侮辱。2)n.aruderemarkoraction侮辱,凌辱Thedriverswerestandingintheroadyellinginsultsateachother.司機(jī)站在路上大聲對(duì)罵。Sometelevisionadvertisementsareaninsulttopeople'sintelligence.有些電視廣告對(duì)人的智力來說是ー種侮辱。curse:v.1)swearatsb.orsth.;userudelanguagetoexpressone'sanger咒罵Theycursedthetraffic,realizingtheywouldbelate.意識(shí)到可能會(huì)遲到,他們開始咒罵交通狀況。Hedroppedthebox,cursed,andbegantopickupthecontents.箱子掉了下來,他罵了一聲,然后開始撿散落的東西。2)useawordorwordstoexpressanevilwish詛咒Shecursedhisfamily,她詛咒他的家庭。n.1)awordusedforexpressinganger;aswearword咒罵Heutteredacurse.他罵了一聲。2)awordorwordsexpressingthewishthatsth.terriblewillhappentosb.詛Thewitchputacurseonhim.巫婆對(duì)他下了咒。Thefamilyseemedtobeunderacurse.這個(gè)家庭好像被人詛咒了。3)禍害,禍根thecurseofinflation通貨膨脹的禍害Gamblingisoftenacurse.賭博往往是個(gè)禍根。spread(sth.)to:(causeto)reachsb.orsth.else,asbytouchingorothermeansofpassing(使)傳播Firemensucceededinpreventingthefirefromspreadingtootherofficebuildings.消防隊(duì)員成功地防止了火勢(shì)蔓延到其他辦公樓。Wehavebeenaskedtospreadthenewstoallourfriends.有人請(qǐng)我們把消息告訴所有的朋友。Ifyouallowthechildtoattendschoolhecouldspreadthebadcoldtoalltheotherchildren.如果你讓孩子上學(xué),他可能將重感冒傳染給其他孩子。overone'sprotest:inspiteofone'sprotest在有異議的情況下,不顧某人的抗議Thenursegavetheboyaninjectionoverhisprotest.護(hù)士不顧男孩的抗議給他打了一針。Anuclearplantwasbuiltintheareaoverthefarmer'sprotests.一座核電廠不顧農(nóng)民的抗議在這個(gè)地區(qū)建了起來。putforth:1)use,show,orbringsth.suchasstrengthintoactionPuttingforthagreateffort,heuprootedthetree,他使了很大的勁把樹拔了出來。2)(fml)(oftreesandplants)sendoutorproduce(buds,shoots,etc.)(指花草樹木)長(zhǎng)出(花蕾)或發(fā)(芽等)Springhascomeandthehedgesareputtingforthnewleaves.春天至り了,樹籬長(zhǎng)出了新葉子。completewith:including;havingasanadditionalpart包括,備有Thereisagoodhotelnotfarfromthecity,completewithswimmingpoolandgardenleadingdirectlytothebeach.離城市不遠(yuǎn)有個(gè)很好的旅館,帶有游泳池和通向海灘的花園。Ourfiremencame,ofcourse,completewithrescueequipment,firstaidkit,etc.當(dāng)然,消防隊(duì)員來了,帶有救援器械和醫(yī)療急救箱等。workout:1)invent,develop,orproduce(sth.suchasanideA.bythinking想出,制定出Wemustworkoutabettermethodofsavingpaper.我們必須想出更好的節(jié)省紙張的辦法。We'llleaveittothecommitteetoworkoutthedetailsoftheplan.我們將讓委員會(huì)來制定計(jì)劃的具體細(xì)節(jié)。decideorfindananswerto(sth.suchasadifficulty)解決111giveyoutenminutestoworkouttheproblem.我將給你10分鐘時(shí)間來解決這ー問題。Wedohavetroubleinourrelationship,butIfeelthatwecanworkitoutbetweenuswithoutprofessionalhelp.我們的關(guān)系的確有問題,但我想我倆可以解決,不用請(qǐng)專業(yè)人士幫忙。calculatesth.算出workoutatsth.等于:總計(jì)為I'veworkedoutyourshareoftheexpensesat$10.我已經(jīng)計(jì)算出你應(yīng)分?jǐn)偟馁M(fèi)用是10美元。ーThetotalworksoutat$10.總數(shù)為10美元。understandsb.'snature理解,弄懂I'veneverbeenabletoworkherout.我一向無法了解她。developinaspecifiedway;turnout產(chǎn)生結(jié)果Thingsworkedoutquitewell,事情的結(jié)果很不錯(cuò)。LanguagePoints:TheHydeschooloperatesontheprinciplethat...(Para.1)Meaning:TheHydeSchoolisrunontheprinciplethattruth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosityandconcern...(Para.1)ThesewordsarethebasesoftheHydecurriculumestablishedbyJosephGauld.SeeBackgroundInformationthenacademicachievementnaturallyfollows.(Para.1)Meaning:...thenthestudentswillnaturallymaketheiracademicachievements.HydeSchoolfounderJosephGauldclaimssuccesswiththeprogramatthe$18,000-a-yearhighschoolinBath,Maine,whichhasreceivedconsiderablepublicityforitsworkwithtroubledyoungsters.(Para.1)Meaning:JosephGauld,thefounderoftheHydeSchool,declaresthattheprogramatthehighschoolinBath,Maineissuccessful.Theschool,whichchargesastudent$18,000peryear,hasdrawnconsiderableattentionfromthepublicandnewsmediabecauseofitssuccessfulworkwithtroubledstudents.Wedon'tseeourselvesasaschoolforatypeofkid,...(Para.2)Meaning:Inouropinion,ourschoolisnotaschoolforaparticulartypeofstudents,...see...as:considersb.orsth.tobe認(rèn)為某人或某物是 Doyouseethenewleaderasthehopeofthecompany?你認(rèn)為新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是公司的希望嗎?Mostpeopleseehisactionaspossiblydangerous.多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他的行動(dòng)可能很危險(xiǎn)。Herquestionswereseenasinterruptingtheclass.她的提問被認(rèn)為是打斷講課。Whyaredeafchildrensooftenseenasstupid?為什么聾啞兒童常常被認(rèn)為是傻子?Similarexpressions:regard...as,consider...as,have...as,lookon...as,...Weseeourselvesaspreparingkidsforawayoflife-bycultivatingacomprehensivesetofprinciplesthatcanaffectallkids.(Para.2)Meaning:Wethinkourdutyistopreparestudentsforawayoflife-byteachingthemacompletesetofprinciplesthatcaninfluenceallstudents.Now,JoeGauldistryingtospreadhiscontroversialCharacterFirstideatopublic,inner-cityschoolswillingtousethetaxdollarsspentonthetraditionalprogramforthenewapproach.(Para.3)Meaning:NowJoeGauldistryingtospreadhisideathatcharactercomesfirst—anideathathascausedmuchpublicdiscussionanddisagreement—toinner-citypublicschoolswhichusedtospendthetaxdollarsonatraditionalprogrambutnowarewillingtospendthemoneyonthenewprogram.NotethatJoestandsforJoseph.Thisistheso-called“petname”-anamethatisqiventosomeonewhomonesueciallvlikesorloves,usedinsteadofthatperson'srealname.OtherexamplesareRickstandingforRichard,TomstandingforTommv,BillstandingforWilliam,etc.CharacterFirstidea:theideathatcharactercomesfirstinnercity:theusuallyolder,centralpartofacity,especiallywhencharacterizedbycrowdedneighborhoodsinwhichlow-income,oftenminoritygroupspredominate.Inner-cityschoolsareusuallybelievedtohaveacomparativelyinferioreducationsystem.舊城區(qū)(學(xué)校常被認(rèn)為教育質(zhì)量低劣)Teachersprotestedtheprogram'sdemandsandthestrainassociatedwithmoreintensework.(Para.3)Meaning:Teacherssaidtheydidn'tliketheprogram'sdemands(whichareprobablytoohigh)andthestressthatcamefrommoreintensetest:1)v.expressone'sdisagreement,feelingofunfairness,annoyance,etc.抗議,反對(duì)PleasenoticethatinAmericanEnglish"protest"isusedwithoutapreposition.Theyprotestedthegovernment'shandlingofthesituation.他イ門反對(duì)政府處理局勢(shì)的手法。Mostpeopleprotestthecompany'sdecisiontolayoffsomanyworkers.多數(shù)人反對(duì)公司如此大規(guī)模裁員的決議。Compare:Thestudentshavebeenprotestingagainstthegovernment'sdecision.學(xué)生們一直在抗議政府的決定。Thechildrenprotestedloudlyatbeingtakenhomeearly.孩子們大聲抗議過早地被帶回家。Manyofthepassengersprotestedaboutthelackofinformationattheairport.許多乘客抗議機(jī)場(chǎng)沒有提供足夠的信息。2)n.抗議,反對(duì)Theministerresignedinprotestagainstthedecision.這位部長(zhǎng)為反對(duì)那項(xiàng)決策而辭職。Thisfall,theHydeFoundationisscheduledtobeginapreliminarypublicschoolprograminBaltimore.(Para.4)Meaning:Thisfall,theHydeFoundationplanstostartanintroductorypublicschoolprograminthecityofBaltimoreinMaryland.bescheduledtodo:bearrangedtodo被安排,定于Sheisscheduledtogiveaspeechtonight.她定于今晚演講。Thetrainwasscheduledtoarriveat10:30.火車定于10點(diǎn)半到達(dá)。OtherUSschoolmanagersareeyeingtheprogram,too(Para.4)Meaning:OtherUSschoolmanagersaregreatlyinterestedintheprogram,too.eye:vt.lookatsb.orsth.closely看,審視,注視Sheeyedhimwithsuspicion..懷疑地看著他。Manypeopleareeyeingtheprogressofthenewproject.許多人在關(guān)注著這ー-新項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展。Lastfall,theHydeFoundationopenedamagnetprogramwithinapublichighschool...overparents'protests.(Para.4)Meaning:Lastfall,theHydeFoundationopenedaprogramthatdrewmuchattention...inspiteofprotestsfromparents.AsinMainethequestfortruthisalsowidespreadattheschoolinConnecticut.(Para.5)Meaning:ThesearchfortruthisprevailinginMaine,andthesamethinghappensattheschoolinConnecticut.Pleasenotethathere"as"isusedtocomparesituations(orsometimesactions)bysayingthattheyaresimilar.Forexample:InGreece,asinItaly,theyusealotofoliveoilincooking.與在意大利一樣，在希臘,人們做飯時(shí)用很多橄欖油。InChina,asinJapan,inordertogetintoafamousuniversityalargenumberofmiddleschoolstudentstakesupplementary(ネト充的)classes.SeeExerciseVIII(onPage72)quest(B6):n.alongsearchforsth.thatisdifficulttofind尋求,搜索，追求myquestforabetterlife我對(duì)更加美好的生活的追求hisquesttofindtruelove他對(duì)真愛的尋求...the11studentsspendthelastfiveminutesinanenergeticexchangeevaluatingtheirclassperformanceforthedayona1-10scale.(Para.5)Meaning:...the11studentsspendthelastfiveminutesactivelydiscussingandevaluatingtheirclassperformanceofthedayonascalethatrangesfrom1to10.energetic(B6):a.oforneedingenergy精力充沛的，充滿活力的Long-distancerunningisaveryenergeticformofexercise.長(zhǎng)跑是種消耗體力的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Heisanenergeticperson.他是個(gè)精力充沛的人。Wait,Iputmybesteffortforthhere.(Para.10)Meaning:No,Idon'tagree.Imadegreateffortshere.Henotes“noamountofchange“withthehorseandcarriage"willproduceanautomobile".(Para.12)Meaning:Hepointsoutthatnomatterwhatchangesyou'vemadewiththehorseandcarriage,noautomobilewillcomeoutofit.ToavoidthecontroversyofothercharacterprogramsusedinUSschools,Gauldsaystheconceptofdoingyourbesthasnothingtodowithforcingthestudentstoacceptaparticularsetofmoralsorreligiousvalues.Meaning:InordertopreventargumentsthatothercharacterprogramsusedinUSschoolshavearoused,Gauldsaystheideaofdoingyourbestdoesn'tmeanforcingthestudentstoacceptacertainsetofgoodbehaviororreligiousbeliefs.TheHydecurriculumissimilartoconventionalschoolsthatprovidepreparationforcollege,completewithEnglish,history,mathandscience.(Para.13)Meaning:ThesubjectsthattheHydeSchooloffersarealmostthesameasthoseinconventionalschoolsthatgetstudentsacademicallyreadyforcollege,withallnecessarysubjectssuchasEnglish,history,mathandscience.CommitmentamongparentsisakeyingredientintheHydemixture.(Para.14)Meaning:Parents'devotionisanimportantelementintheHydeprogram.Here11mixture”referstotheHyde〇roqramforthefactthattheprograminvokesnotonlystudentsandteachersbutalsoparents.Theparentsagreeinwritingtomeetmonthlyinoneof20regionalgroups,gotoayearlythree-dayregionalretreat,andspendatleastthreetimesayearinworkshops,discussiongroupsandseminarsatBath.(Para.14)Meaning:Theparentspresenttheiragreementinwrittenform,promisingthattheywillattendmeetingseverymonthinoneofthe20groupsintheregionwheretheylive,appendthreedayseveryyearinalocalretreat,andparticipatethreetimesayearindiscussionsandseminarsatBathwithotherpeople.ParentsofMainestudentshaveanattendancerateof95%inthemanysessions.Meaning:95%parentsofMainestudentsarepresentinthemeetings,discussionsandseminarsorganizedbytheschool.attendance(B6):n.1)thenumberofpeoplewhogotoorarepresentataplace出席ズ數(shù)Therewasalargeattendanceatthemeeting.出席會(huì)議的人很多。Attendancehasdecreasedinrecentmonths,近幾個(gè)月出席的人數(shù)減少了。beingpresentsomewhere出席,參加,出席次數(shù)TheteacherisnotpleasedwithTony'sfailedattendance.老師對(duì)托尼的缺課感到不快。Attendanceatlectureisnecessary.聽講課是必不可少的。(idm習(xí)語)inattendance(onsb.)護(hù)理,照料Anursewasinconstantattendance.有個(gè)護(hù)士隨時(shí)護(hù)理。ThePresidentalwayshassixbodyguardsincloseattendance.總統(tǒng)有六名保鏢時(shí)時(shí)刻刻在左右保衛(wèi)。Heisoptimisticthatonceparentsmakeacommitmenttotheprogram,theywillbedailyrolemodelsfortheirchildren,unlikeparentswhosechildrenareinboardingschools.(Para.16)Meaning:Heishopefulabouttheprospectthatwhenparentsdevotethemselvestotheprogram,theywillbeexamplesfortheirchildrentofolloweveryday,andinthiswaytheyarequitedifferentfromparentswhosechildrenareinboardingschools.Ourfocusisreallyaboutteachertostudentandthenwetogetherdealwiththe...academics.(Para.17)Meaning:Wereallypaycloseattentiontotherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents,andthenweworktogetherfortheacademicachievements.Inthetraditionalhighschoolsetting,it'steachertothematerialandthentothestudent.(Para.17)Meaning:Intraditionalhighschools,theteacher'sattentionisfirstpaidtotheteachingmaterial,andthentothestudents.Icamehereandtheysaid,lWekindoflikethatspirit.Wedon'tlikeitwiththenegativeattitudes.Wewanttomakethatspiritpositive.'(Para.20)Meaning:Icametothisschool,andtheytoldme:'Welikethatspiritalittlebit.Butwedon'tlikethenegativepartofit.Wewanttomakethatspiritpositive.,kindof:(infml.)rather;alittlebit有點(diǎn)兒,有幾分I'mkindofworriedabouttheinterview.我對(duì)面試有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心。I'mkindoftiredfromreading.我讀書讀得有點(diǎn)累了。Compare:ofakind:1)verymuchthesame同類的Thefriendsweretwoofakind-verysimilarinsomanyways.這對(duì)朋友在很多方面都十分相似。2)ofpoorquality徒有其名的Thevillagehasabusserviceofakind-twobusesaweek!這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村也算有公共汽車服務(wù)ーー個(gè)星期オ有兩班車。Compare:akindof:(infml.)usedfordescribingsth.inawaythatisnotveryclearIhadakindoffeelingthatsomethingwouldgowrong.我覺得似乎有什么地方會(huì)出問題。There'safunnykindofsmellinhere.這兒有點(diǎn)古怪的氣味。SectionBCulturalDifferencesinWesternandJapaneseDecision-MakingNewword&Expressionscomplex:a.madeupofseveralconnectedpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand;complicatedacomplexsystemofmanagement復(fù)雜的管理制度Youcan'texpecttofindasimplesolutionwhentheproblemissocomplex.問題如此復(fù)雜時(shí),不能指望有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方法。n.1)agrouporsetofthings,esp.buildings,designedforaparticularpurposeashoppingcomplex購(gòu)物中心 asportscomplex體育館2)amentalproblemthatcausessb.toworryorbeupsetaboutsth.aninferioritycomplex自卑情結(jié)He'sgotacomplexabouthisheight.他為自己的身高而煩惱。extreme:a.1)thegreatestorstrongestpossibleYoumusttakeextremecarewhendrivingatnight.你晚上開車得特別小心。Shecrossedthestreetwithextremecaution.她非常小心地穿過街道。2)asfarawayaspossible;atfileverybeginningorattheveryendKerryisintheextremewestofIreland.凱里郡在愛爾蘭的最西邊。Helivedintheroomattheextremeendofthecorridor?他住在走廊盡頭的房間里。differ:01)bedifferentManagementstylesdiffer.管理風(fēng)格各有不同。Howdoesthiscardifferfromthemoreexpensivemodel?這輛車與更貴的車型有何不同?Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedfromtheonehetoldhismother.他對(duì)警察說的與對(duì)他母親說的不一樣。2)haveadifferentopinionI'mafraidIdifferwithyouonthatquestion.對(duì)于那個(gè)問題,恐怕我與你有不同的看法。Thetwoleadersdifferedonthisissue.對(duì)此問題兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)見解不ー。superior:a.1)betterthanusualorthansb.orsth.elseHeisclearlysuperiortoalltheotherdoctors.他顯然比其他醫(yī)生高明。Sheisgreatlysuperiortoherhusbandineducationandsensitivity.她比她丈夫受過更多的教育,也更敏感。2)higherinrankasuperiorofficer上級(jí)官員n.apersonofhigherrankorpositionThecompanypresident,andmyimmediatesuperior,isHarryStokes.哈利?斯托克斯是公司總裁,也是我的頂頭上司。inferior:a.loworlowerinsocialposition,importance,quality,etc.inferiorproducts劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hepreferredthecompanyofthosewhowereintellectuallyinferiortohim.他喜歡與才智上不如他的人為伍。IfeltveryinferiorwhentheystartedusinglongwordsthatIdidn'tunderstand.當(dāng)他們開始使用長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的、我聽不懂的單詞時(shí),我感到很自卑。Cheapergoodsaregenerallyofinferiorquality.便宜沒好貨。n.apersonwhohasalowersocialpositionItwasagentleman'sdutytobealwayspolite,eventohisinferiors.紳士理應(yīng)有禮貌,即使是對(duì)比自己地位低的人。thereby:hatwayWestartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.我們?cè)缭绲厣狭寺?因此避開了許多車輛。Ourbodiescansweat,therebylosingheat.人體會(huì)出汗,以此來散發(fā)熱量。Afirmmightsometimessellatalosstodriveacompetitoroutofbusiness,andtherebyincreaseitsmarketpower.公司有時(shí)會(huì)低價(jià)銷售，將競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者擠出市場(chǎng)，以此增強(qiáng)自己的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。consensus:n.agreementamongagroupofpeopleWehavereachedaconsensusafteralongdiscussion.經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論,我們達(dá)成了一致意見。Theconsensusamongtheworld'sscientistsisthattheworldislikelytowarmupoverthenextfewdecades.全世界的科學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為,地球很可能在今后幾キ年中變暖。Butthereisnoconsensusamongthescientistsaboutthecausesoftheglobalwarming.但關(guān)于全球變暖的原因,科學(xué)家們尚未達(dá)成一致意見。consult:v.asksb.orlooksth.upinabook,etc.togetinformationoradviceYoushouldconsultadoctorifthesymptomsgetworse.如果病情惡化,你該問問醫(yī)生。Heconsultedthemaptofindtheshortestroute.他查看地圖尋找最近的路線。You'dbetterconsultyourteacheraboutthepaper.關(guān)于那篇論文,你最好請(qǐng)教你的老師。successive:a.followingoneaftertheothertwovisitsonsuccessivedays連續(xù)幾天兩次訪問Jacksonwasthewinnerforasecondsuccessiveyear.杰克遜第二年連續(xù)獲勝。fundamental:a.importantorbasic;fromwhicheverythingelsedevelopsTherewillbefundamentalchangesinthewaytheschoolisrun.辦學(xué)的方式將會(huì)發(fā)生根本變化。ThereisafundamentaldifferencebetweentileJapaneseapproachandtheAmericanone.日、美方式之間有著根本區(qū)別。discard:vt.throwsth.awaybecauseitisnotusefullookfordiscardedbottles尋找被扔掉的瓶子Heisnottheonewhowoulddiscardhisoldfriends.他不是那種會(huì)拋棄老朋友的人。transaction:n.apieceofbusiness;theactoftransactingfinancialtransactions金融交易Thestorem