影像解剖-thoracic cavity,pleura,pleural cavity and lung 課件

Thoraciccavity,pleuralcavityandlung(p.45)DepartmentofthehumananatomyattachedtotheSichuanUniversity

ChenDaobangThethoraciccavity

Itisformedbythethoracicwallanddiaphragm.Itcontainsorislodgedwiththepleura,pleural

cavity,lungs,pericardium,heart,largebloodvessels,trachea,bronchi,esophagusandnerves,

etal..pleuraandpleuralcavity1.Somequestions1).Pleuraisserousmembrane漿膜,linesinternalsurfaceofthoracicwall,superiorsurfaceofdiaphragm,sidessurfacesofmediastinumandcoversthelungs

secretesandabsorbstheserousfluidisdividedinto

visceral(pulmonary)pleura

parietalpleuracostalpleuradiaphragmaticpleura

cupula

(dome/cervical)

ofpleura

mediastinalpleura縱隔膈1.Somequestions2).Pleuralcavity:

*Itisformedbythevisceralandparietalpleura.

*Potentialspace潛在性

*Negativepressure負壓性

*Onlyserousfluidinthecavity

*Twospaces—leftandright3)Costaldiaphragmaticrecessbelongsthelowestpartofpleuralcavity.Intheinferiormarginofpleura,thecostalpleuraanddiaphragmaticpleuraarecontinuousandreflexedeachother.Thecostalmediastinalrecess肋膈隱窩肋縱隔隱窩LungP471.Position

*Inthethoraciccavity，

*Bothsidesofthemediastinum，

*Coveredbypleuralbursa

*Thebaseofleftlungisseparateddiaphragmfromleftlobeoftheliver,spleen,andfundusofstomach.

*Thebaseofrightlungisseparateddiaphragmfromtherightlobeofliver.

*

Theapexesoflungsareextendedtotherootofneck,about2-3cmabovethelevelofthemedialone-thirdoftheclavicle.2.Feature

Thelungsaretheessentialorgansofrespiration.Healthylungalwayscontainsomeairsotheymayfloatinwater.ApexoflungBaseoflungCostalsurfaceMediastinalsurface(facestomadiastinum).3borders

2.FeatureOnthemediastinalsurface(facestomadiastinum).*Hilumoflung—isnear

thecenterofthissurface.Thebronchus,pulmonary

a.and

v.,nerves,bronchialvessels,lymphaticducts,etc.enterandemergethehilumoflung.*Thestructuresenteringandemergingthehilusoflungarecalledthe

rootoflung.Theimportantstructuresintherootarearrangedtopulmonary

v.,a.andbronchus,fromanteriortopoeterior,respectivly.

自上向下：右：上支、動、中下支、靜

自上向下：左：動、支、靜2.FeatureOnthemediastinalsurface(facestomadiastinum).*suspensory

lig.—formedbypleura,liestotheinferiortotherootoflung*cardiacimpression:attheanteroinferiortothehilusoflungTheothersimpressionsorgroovesfortheorgans,suchasgrooveforarchofaorta(ontheleft)grooveforsuperiorvenacava2.FeatureAnteriorborder：cardiacnotch

心切跡andlingula肺小舌

ontheleftlungPosteriorborderInferiorborder3.Division

left:longerandthinnerthanrightlung;pressedbytheheart

2lobes(superiorlobeandinferiorlobe)byobliquefissure斜裂

right:thickerandshorterthanleftlung;supportedbyliver

3lobes(sup.,middle,andinf.lobes)byobliquefissureandhorizontalfissure

Midclavicularline

MidaxillarylineScapularline(intersectingwith)Inf.borderoflung6thrib8thrib10thribInf.borderofpleura8thrib10thrib12thribBronchip.50C-shapedringsofcartilageFrombifurcationofthetracheatothelungthetrachealcarina(氣管隆凸)isinclinedtotheleft.偏向左側(cè)1.4cm1.5cm嵴下角22-25°嵴下角36-39°LeftmainbronchusThinnerLongerObliquePassinginferolaterally

inferiortothearchofaortaCrossingthroughtheesophagus

RightmainbronchusWiderShorterMoreverticalthantheleftTheforeignmatteriseasytoentertherightmainbronchusThebronchialtree;eachbronchusdivides