考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AccordingtotheGhanaNationalNarcoticControlfourthousandGhanaiansare（）illicitdrugswhileseveralothersarereportedtobeengagedinconstantdrugtraffickingannually.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposedto

B.attachedto

C.addictedto

D.opposedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposedto表示“接觸，暴露于”；B選項(xiàng)attachedto表示“附屬于，愛慕”；C選項(xiàng)addictedto表示“上癮，沉迷于”；D選項(xiàng)opposedto表示“反對”。分析句意可知，根據(jù)加納國家麻醉品管制局（NACOB.的報(bào)告，幾乎有4000加納人（）毒品，而每年有數(shù)千人不斷從事販毒。因此只有C選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Davidisthe____holderoftheworld5,000-meterworldrecord,butthereisnoguaranteethathewillwinintheOlympicGames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.predominant

C.prevailing

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)current“現(xiàn)在的，目前的”；B選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的”；C選項(xiàng)prevailing“流行的”；D選項(xiàng)decisive“果斷的”。句意：雖然大衛(wèi)（David）是____5000米世界紀(jì)錄的保持者，但不能保證他會在奧運(yùn)會上奪冠。后文說不一定在奧運(yùn)會上能奪冠，即說他以后不一定還是，據(jù)此推斷，前文表達(dá)的是大衛(wèi)現(xiàn)在是記錄保持者，A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

3.單選題

Hedoesnot___asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equal

B.match

C.qualify

D.fit

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)equal“等于；比得上”；B選項(xiàng)match“相配，相稱；相似；與……成對；配對；”；C選項(xiàng)qualify“限定，修飾；使具有資格；證明……合格”；D選項(xiàng)fit“安裝；使……適應(yīng)；使……合身；與……相符”。句意：他不能___英語教師的工作，因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)音很糟糕。本句表達(dá)“他沒有資格作為英語老師”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否認(rèn)，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做某事，否認(rèn)做過某事，拒絕做某事”。句意：阿萊科否認(rèn)偷了瑪麗的小羊，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thosegiftsofrarebooksthatweregiventousweredeeply（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciated

B.approved

C.appealed

D.applied

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。appreciate“感激”；approve“贊成，批準(zhǔn)”；appeal“吸引”；apply“使用”。句意：對于贈送給我們這些珍貴的書籍作為禮物，我們感到深深的感激。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Therolesofadmissionintotheworldeconomynotonlyreflectlittleawarenessofdevelopingpriorities,theyareoftencompletelyunrelatedtosensibleeconomicprinciples.Forinstance,WTOagreementsonantidumping,subsidiesandcountervailingmeasures,agriculture,textiles,andtrade-relatedintellectualpropertyrightslackanyeconomicrationalebeyondthemercantilistinterestofanarrowsetofpowerfulgroupsinadvancedindustrialcountries.Bilateralandregionaltradeagreementsaretypicallyfarworse,astheyimposeeventighterprerequisitesondevelopingcountriesinreturnforcrumbsofenhanced“marketaccess”.Forexample,theAfricanGrowthandOpportunityActsignedbyU.S.PresidentClintoninMay2000providesincreasedaccesstotheU.S.marketonlyifAfricanapparelmanufacturersuseU.S.producedfabricandyams.ThisrestrictionseverelylimitsthepotentialeconomicspilloverinAfricancountries.

【答案】加入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用在于不僅反映出人們對發(fā)展重點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識不足，而且往往與合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則完全無關(guān)。例如，WTO關(guān)于反傾銷、補(bǔ)貼和反補(bǔ)貼措施、農(nóng)業(yè)、紡織品以及與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)等的協(xié)議，除了發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家中少數(shù)強(qiáng)大集團(tuán)的重商主義利益之外，缺乏其他任何經(jīng)濟(jì)依據(jù)。而雙邊和區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定通常要糟糕得多，因?yàn)樗鼈円蟀l(fā)展中國家滿足更嚴(yán)格的先決條件，來換取少量的“市場準(zhǔn)入”。例如，美國總統(tǒng)克林頓2000年5月簽署的《非洲增長與機(jī)會法案》規(guī)定，非洲服裝制造商只有使用美國生產(chǎn)的織物和棉紗，才能擴(kuò)大進(jìn)入美國市場的機(jī)會。這一限制嚴(yán)重限制了非洲國家潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)溢出效應(yīng)。

7.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反擊結(jié)核病的戰(zhàn)爭中,幾種有前景的藥物開發(fā)策略正在出現(xiàn)。結(jié)核病如今每年仍在奪去將近兩百萬人的生命,其中大多發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家。隨著結(jié)核分枝桿菌進(jìn)化成可以耐受抗結(jié)核藥物,而患者感到很難接受現(xiàn)有的藥物治療框架,科學(xué)家正在尋找新藥和好的診斷方法。一些有前景的藥物正在進(jìn)行早期臨床試驗(yàn),這可能縮短結(jié)核病治療時(shí)間,但是他們面臨的情況不利,因?yàn)橹挥胁坏?0%的進(jìn)入早期臨床試驗(yàn)階段的抗生素獲得了批準(zhǔn)。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),研究基因、蛋白質(zhì)和代謝的領(lǐng)域提供了破解關(guān)于這種細(xì)菌及其與人類相互作用的空前詳細(xì)的新信息的潛力。

Passage2

對于Web2.0來講,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起來不累,配合流暢的文字內(nèi)容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0網(wǎng)站的排版布局（難度）可說是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重點(diǎn)突出,易讀,易用?？瞻啄茏屩匾畔⑼癸@,讓眼睛得以休息,并給予一種安定和秩序的感覺。寬松的行間距也讓視線易于跟隨文本流動(dòng)。一些Web2.0網(wǎng)站的布局簡單到令人感到無聊的地步,但若設(shè)計(jì)上出色的話,一個(gè)四平八穩(wěn)的頁面也能成為絕頂?shù)拿牢洞蟛?。友好、活潑的行文方式會使作者與訪問者建立更多良好的關(guān)系。

Passage3

項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須注意不能將質(zhì)量與等級混淆。質(zhì)量低常成為一個(gè)問題,但等級低則不是。確定和傳達(dá)所需的質(zhì)量及等級水平是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理和項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍的責(zé)任。另外,執(zhí)行組織主動(dòng)采取質(zhì)量改進(jìn)不僅能提高項(xiàng)目管理的質(zhì)量,也可提高項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。但是,項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須清楚知道一個(gè)重要的區(qū)別一項(xiàng)目的臨時(shí)性意味著對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改進(jìn)的投資,特別是缺陷的預(yù)防和評估,必須由執(zhí)行組織承擔(dān),因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目可能不會持續(xù)到獲得回報(bào)的時(shí)候。

8.單選題

Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe（）forherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.attention

C.focus

D.award

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“贊揚(yáng)，贊許”，allthecredit意為“所有的功勞”；B選項(xiàng)attention“注意力”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)award“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”。句意：莎莉?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)工程做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，但她從沒有將所有的功勞據(jù)為己有。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞和固定搭配。在法律英語中，unlessthecontextotherwiserequires“除上下文另有所指”經(jīng)常使用，Otherwise在這里是作為形容詞“另外的”使用；A選項(xiàng)缺少連詞，B選項(xiàng)“除非上下文要求”語義矛盾，C選項(xiàng)語義不完整；這句話句意是：在本條法令中，除上下文另有所指，“國家”指擁有自己的國籍法的一個(gè)領(lǐng)土或一組領(lǐng)土。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，只有D項(xiàng)是通順且符合語法的。

10.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（

）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelp

himwiththeperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.onaverage

D.atrandom

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Byaccident“偶然地”；onoccasion“有時(shí)”；onaverage“平均地”；atrandom“隨意地，任意地”。句意：魔術(shù)師從觀眾中隨便挑了幾個(gè)人協(xié)助他進(jìn)行表演。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語法和形近詞辨析。根據(jù)asemblanceof可知，空格應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C可排除。normalization“正?；?；正規(guī)化”，norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范”；normality“常態(tài)”。句意：自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來，隨著人們?nèi)ド习嗪鸵恍┥痰甑闹匦麻_張，表面上漸漸地恢復(fù)了正常狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded（1）itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood（2）

,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers（3

）

unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell（4）

morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe（5）

hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers

（6）

wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe（7）

bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many（8）

bloggerssoonobjected-notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe（9）

rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept

（10）giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)空格前的loaded（裝載）與空格后的operatingsystem（操作系統(tǒng)）可知此處用介詞with構(gòu)成固定搭配loadwith（裝載某物）。

試題答案：with

2.考查上下文語義。as?well?as常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，意為“也，還”，根據(jù)空格前的generatedcontroversy（引起爭議）aswellas可知此處填goodwill（善意）。

試題答案：will

3.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbribery可知此處填of與前面的ofbribery形成對應(yīng)。

試題答案：of

4.考查介詞搭配。sellfor表示“賣（多少錢）”。

試題答案：for

5.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers（已經(jīng)向博客寄出了大約90臺電腦）可推測主語為微軟公司，用“thecompany”指代微軟公司。

試題答案：company

6.考查關(guān)系代詞?？崭袂暗腷loggers為先行詞，表示人，且在從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

試題答案：who

7.考查上下文語義。短文第一段提到“最近微軟公司贈送昂貴的裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦”可推測“微軟公司送裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦的目的是了解該新的操作系統(tǒng)所帶來的影響”，再由空格前的be和空格后的by，可知?jiǎng)釉~被動(dòng)形式，填affected。

試題答案：affected

8.考查不定代詞。根據(jù)空格前ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachines（不過當(dāng)微軟公司電腦寄送名單上那些人最初熱心地歡迎這些電腦吋）和空格后many...bloggerssoonobjected（很多……博客使用者很快就反對這些電腦的贈送）可推測此處是其他人的態(tài)度。

試題答案：other

9.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)becausebloggersareboundbythe...rulesastraditionaljournalists（因?yàn)椴┛褪艿健?guī)則的約束，如同傳統(tǒng)的記者）可推測博客也像記者一樣受到同樣的規(guī)則制約，故填same。

試題答案：same

10.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)第四題可知每臺電腦的價(jià)格以超過2200美元賣出，可推出此處表示“昂貴的禮物”，故填expensive。

試題答案：expensive

13.單選題

IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom___round.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldgo

B.hadgone

C.weregoing

D.shouldgo

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：昨晚我病得很厲害，覺得房間里好像在轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知是“我”病得很厲害的這段時(shí)間覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，要用表示過去的時(shí)態(tài)，排除A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，表示發(fā)生主語謂語動(dòng)詞之前，一直延續(xù)到主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生停止，則為先覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，再病得厲害，邏輯不正確；C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)符合原題。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedally.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheUStakestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements;physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsaren’tblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedUSmedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thisresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentUShealthcareis（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethatsystemis（）

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto（）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecost

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure.

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors.

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth.

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem…TheUStakestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.”，可知初級護(hù)理應(yīng)是任何衛(wèi)生護(hù)理系統(tǒng)的支柱，但是美國強(qiáng)調(diào)專科醫(yī)生而不是初級護(hù)理醫(yī)生。文章在一二段就提出了整篇文章討論的問題：美國對初級護(hù)理醫(yī)生的忽視。下文對這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的討論并提出了一系列解決措施?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔Ξ?dāng)前美國醫(yī)療護(hù)理系統(tǒng)的主要擔(dān)憂是初級護(hù)理資源的減少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.”，更多的醫(yī)生照顧你并不能保證更好的治療。實(shí)際上，日益分散的醫(yī)療服務(wù)會導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)的成本上升和醫(yī)療差錯(cuò)?？膳袛喑鋈藗兤毡橄嘈诺挠^點(diǎn)是：一個(gè)病人受到越多的醫(yī)生照料就越好。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements;physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.”，政府不加區(qū)別地削減補(bǔ)償，醫(yī)生們別無選擇，只能通過增加服務(wù)數(shù)量來增加收入?？膳袛喑雒鎸φ患訁^(qū)別地削減補(bǔ)償?shù)耐{，初級護(hù)理醫(yī)生選擇照顧更多的病人，提高看病數(shù)量來增加收入。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedUSmedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.”，他們看到補(bǔ)償機(jī)制在很大程度上不利于初級護(hù)理。最近的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自1997年以來，選擇初級護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的美國醫(yī)科大學(xué)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生減少了50%?？膳袛喑鲈S多剛畢業(yè)的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生拒絕選擇初級護(hù)理作為他們的職業(yè)的原因在于目前的制度不利于初級護(hù)理職業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.”，通過免除選擇初級護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)貸款，并縮小?？漆t(yī)生和初級護(hù)理醫(yī)生工資之間的顯著差異，使初級護(hù)理行業(yè)對醫(yī)科學(xué)生更具吸引力?？膳袛喑隹s小專科醫(yī)生和初級護(hù)理醫(yī)生之間的工資差距是作者提出的建議之一。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】67.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.（但是，由于不同的政府行為者被賦予不同的權(quán)力，受到不同的限制，如果不知道是誰違反了憲法，就無法確定憲法是否被違反了）可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法賦予和限制不同的官員不同的權(quán)力”；A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)特定的政府行為者已經(jīng)超越了權(quán)力的授予”，C選項(xiàng)“不同的政府角色被賦予不同的權(quán)力”以及D選項(xiàng)“不同的政府行為者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.（如果憲法被違反了，人民必須知道是誰違反了憲法，這樣他們才能知道該責(zé)怪誰，該投票反對誰，該彈劾誰）可知“whoquestion”涉及到A選項(xiàng)“違反憲法的人”以及C選項(xiàng)“人民對憲法的了解”，只有人民對憲法有了解，才能知道如何責(zé)怪，投票以及彈劾；第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.（誰的問題也確立了司法審查的兩種基本形式）可知“whoquestion”涉及到B選項(xiàng)“司法審查的基本形式”；在原文中“whoquestion”沒有涉及D選項(xiàng)“公眾對政府官員的意見”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.（這種對立法行為的司法審查與行政行為的司法審查之間的基本二分法，就是憲法的組織二分法）可知選C選項(xiàng)“立法行動(dòng)和行政行動(dòng)”；A選項(xiàng)“‘成文法面臨的挑戰(zhàn)’和‘成文法已應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)’”，B選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)和政府角色”以及D選項(xiàng)“立法行為的司法審查和行政行為的司法審查”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.（對立法行為的司法審查與對行政行為的司法審查是兩個(gè)形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上、時(shí)間上完全不同的項(xiàng)目。這些基本差異決定了司法審查的結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)質(zhì)），“enterprises”本身表示企業(yè)，但是根據(jù)原文，探討的內(nèi)容是憲法的問題，和商業(yè)無關(guān)，排除C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)公司”；B選項(xiàng)“參與的勇氣和意愿”并不是原文所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容；從原文可以判斷出“enterprises”表示“項(xiàng)目”，A選項(xiàng)“項(xiàng)目”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

鐵棒成針李白是中國唐朝的一位大詩人。

傳說，他小時(shí)候很貪玩，怕困難，讀書進(jìn)步很慢。

有一天，李白放學(xué)回家，路過一條小河邊，看見一位老婆婆正在磨一根很粗很粗的鐵棒。他覺得很奇怪，就走到老婆婆跟前問：

“老婆婆，您磨這根鐵棒干什么?”

老婆婆說：“磨成針?！?/p>

這時(shí)候，李白更覺得奇怪了，又問：

“這么粗的鐵棒，您怎么能磨成針呢?”

老婆婆告訴他說：

“能，一定能！只要功夫深，鐵棒就能磨成針。”

李白聽了老婆婆的話，心里忽然明白了。

從此，李白刻苦讀書，進(jìn)步很快。后來，他終于成了一位有名的詩人。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】

GrindIronRodIntoNeedle17.單選題

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor這個(gè)詞組不常見；await“等候”；anticipate“預(yù)期；期望”。句意：采取任何行動(dòng)之前，委員會正在等待總部的一個(gè)決定。wait后面要接一個(gè)介詞for再加等待的對象；await可以直接接賓語。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Henry’scloseto（

）hisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麥克和弟弟長得十分相像，因此人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯(cuò)。

名詞辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介詞to;identity身份;appearance外貌;relationship關(guān)系。因此排除B,D。另外,沒有“appearanceto”的用法,故選A。

19.單選題

Althoughsports____thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.overwhelmed壓倒B.affected影響

C.dominated占據(jù)支配地位D.influenced影響

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”，賓語為“家庭；家人”根據(jù)前后語義，應(yīng)該是想表達(dá)在Joe的家庭中，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)很重要，但是也會有個(gè)限度，不讓它們干擾家庭的傳統(tǒng)和日常的事務(wù)，因此，C選項(xiàng)dominated“占據(jù)支配地位”符合上下文語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“壓倒”，側(cè)重于指完全戰(zhàn)勝，不符合原文語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)affected側(cè)重于指有形力量的影響，有時(shí)這種影響是不受歡迎的，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)influenced側(cè)重于指無形力量的影響，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】盡管體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在家庭中占統(tǒng)治地位，但是當(dāng)它們干擾了家庭的傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時(shí)，Joe也有個(gè)限度。

20.單選題

Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmer