構(gòu)詞法課件-高中英語教師研修培訓(xùn)

AnalysisofAffixation目錄CONTENTSDefinition&Classification01Examples02DefinitionofAffixationAffixationorderivationisgenerallydefinedasaword-formationprocessbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaprefix,orsuffix,orboth,tothebase.Thisdefinitiondoesnotconsidercombiningforms,whicharealsoindispensabletoderivation.Tobemoreexact,derivationmaybedefinedasaprocessofformingnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement,suchasprefix,suffixorcombiningform,toanalreadyexistingword.ClassificationofAffixationmorphologicalchangeinflectionalaffixderivationalaffixpositionprefix

infix

suffixInflectionalaffixandDerivationalaffixInflectionalaffixDerivationalaffixInflectionalaffixesveryoftenonlyaddaminuteordelicategrammatical

meaning

tothestem.屈折詞綴常常在詞干后面添加一個微小的或微妙的語法意義。Derivationalaffixesoftenchangethelexicalmeaningofaword.派生詞綴常常改變詞匯意義。Inflectionalaffixesdonotchangethewordclassofthe

wordtheyattachto.屈折詞綴不改變詞類。Derivationalaffixesmightchangethewordclass.派生詞綴可能改變詞類。Inflectionalaffixesareconditionedbynonsemanticlinguisticfactorsoutsidethewordtheyattachtobutwithinthephraseorsentence.屈折詞綴受到的限制是非語義性的語言因素，這一因素在它們所依附的詞以外，但是在短語或句子之內(nèi)。Derivationalaffixesaremoreoftenbasedonsimplemeaning

distinctions.派生詞綴更多是根據(jù)簡單的意義區(qū)別。Inflectionalaffixesaremostlysuffixes.屈折詞綴絕大部分是后綴。Derivationalaffixescanbeprefixesorsuffixes.派生詞綴可以是前綴也可以是后綴。ClassificationofAffixationmorphologicalchangeInflectionalaffixDerivationalaffixpositionprefix

infix

suffixPrefix

Affixesthatcanbejoinedtothebeginningoftherootorstem,inwhichcasetheyarecalledprefixes.Prefixescanchangethemeaningorfunctionoftheword.*Classificationofprefixes1)Negativeprefixes(dis-,in-,non-…)2)Reversativeorprivative(un-,dis-,de-...)3)Pejorativeprefixes(mis-,mal-,pseudo-...)4)Prefixesofdegreeorsize(out-,mini-,over-…)5)Prefixesoforientationandattitude(anti-,co-,counter-…)6)Locativeprefixes(fore-,inter-,tele-…)7)Prefixesoftimeandorder(fore-,post-,pre-…)8)Numberprefixes(tri-,bi-/di-,multi-/poly-…)9)Conversionprefixes(a-,be-,en-...)10)Miscellaneousprefixes(extra-,neo-,pan-…)Infix

Tagalog(Philippines)infix-um-(averbisinthepasttense)sulat(towrite)sumulat(wrote)infix-in-

gulay(greenishvegetables)ginulay(greenishblue)Anaffixthatisincorporatedinsideanotherword.ItisnotnormallyusedinEnglish,butisfoundinsomeotherlanguages.Suffix

Affixescanalsobejoinedtotheendoftherootorstem,inwhichcasetheyarecalledsuffixes.Suffixescanalsochangethemeaningorfunctionoftheword.*Classificationofsuffixes:1)nounsuffixes(-er,-dom,-ness…)2)adjectivesuffixes(-ful,-ous,-able…)3)adverbsuffixes(-ly,-ward,-wise…)4)verbsuffixes(-ate,-en,-ify…)ExamplesbasedonprefixandsuffixPrefixcentricity:centri-citycentercentri-centro-centr-centro-centrosphere:centro-spherecentr-centroid:centr-oidPrefix“toward”,

indicateddirection,tendency,oradditionadapt:ad-aptadhere:ad-heread-af-ag-af-affect:af-fectaffront:af-frontag-aggress:ag-gressaggrieve:ag-grievecenti-centri-/cen