《自學(xué)大學(xué)英語教程上下冊》語音教程配套教案

本課程的名稱為“大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程（上冊）”,它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英語專業(yè)除外）專科階段的公共實(shí)踐課,檢測好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會不會靈活運(yùn)用這門語言?？荚嚧缶V規(guī)定,大學(xué)英語的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識和語言技能,做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽、說、讀、寫及漢譯英能力，為獲得專業(yè)所需要的信息及進(jìn)ー步提高英語水平打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)'本課程包括較系統(tǒng)的英語語法知識、英語單詞約3000個(gè)和詞組約500個(gè)，閱讀量為30000余詞。木課程的重點(diǎn)是英語的基本詞匯和語法，課程的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力。本課程的主要考試內(nèi)容是從詞匯、語法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開始考試題型已改為如下七種:A.客觀題部分:1.單項(xiàng)選擇10%：2.完型填空10%；3.閱讀理解30%；B.主觀題部分:4.單詞拼寫!0%；5.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換10%；6.漢譯英!5%；7.英譯漢15%為了幫助大家在英語學(xué)習(xí)、考試方面能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果,以及從我這幾年教受英語課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，想給大家提幾點(diǎn)建議,：第一,要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發(fā)音，流利的朗讀，對于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文,提高閱讀速度都有根本意義;第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來是考生們最頭疼的事情,但是我認(rèn)為只要大家有好的適合自己的方法，那么對于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來說應(yīng)該只是apieceofcake（小事ー莊）。發(fā)音要正確,背單詞要有計(jì)劃，讀寫結(jié)合,注意常用詞的詞類和變化規(guī)則,記單詞要和學(xué)習(xí)課文結(jié)合起來，不能死記硬背,最后一環(huán)是和遺忘作斗爭的最有效手段一ー復(fù)習(xí)。英語中有一句諺語:Romewasn'tbuiltinoneday!譯成中文是:冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞尤應(yīng)記住它:第三點(diǎn),學(xué)好語法。學(xué)語法的主要目的是為了用。對于英語教學(xué)我最擅長的就是講解語法,一般我會將語法現(xiàn)象融入所學(xué)課文中，止大家感覺不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象中學(xué)和用,才能真正掌握語法。英語學(xué)習(xí)不是一句兩句就說的完的,今后我會在教學(xué)中逐步讓大家感受到學(xué)英語的樂趣,它不僅僅是我們通向事業(yè)成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富大家的日常生活。但學(xué)習(xí)畢竟是件苦事，需要毅カ，最后我將四個(gè)英文字母以及一句諺語送給我們每一位自學(xué)者：IIppーー!nterest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!（有志者事竟成!）Goodluck!下面我們開始上課。我想在第一課開始之前對大家提幾點(diǎn)要求：1.每人都必須有課本，即高遠(yuǎn)主編的《大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程》（上）；2.每講后必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè);3.最好能提前看看下講的課文:4.每5個(gè)單元有測驗(yàn),請大家務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成;5有問題隨時(shí)問，學(xué)習(xí)ヒ不要害羞。本教程共計(jì)25個(gè)單元。每單元分A,B兩篇文章，一般A位重點(diǎn)文章，精講；B為培養(yǎng)閱讀能カ的文章，略講。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?I.NewWords:successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功;successn;successfullyad（*）a.Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.b.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?c.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody（與某人有分歧,意見不一致）,ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反義詞;agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.guarantees/v保證、擔(dān)保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee,（n保修）2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear,（v保修）intelligent:a聰明的、明智的,nintelligence聰明、智慧conversely:ad相反地,conversea相反的similar:a相似的、類似的,短語besimilartosth/sbinsth（*）e.g.Sheissimilarintemper（性情、脾氣）tohermother.independent:a獨(dú)立的、自主的,independencen獨(dú)迂、自主、自立,（*）字根:depend（v）:依靠、依賴,dependon/upondependence:n信賴、信任、依靠;dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon'twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.clue:n線索、提示,常用短語:cluetosomethingadult:n成年人:a成年的、成熟的Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.Hisbehaviorisn'tadult.conclusion:n結(jié)論、推論:vconclude,decidev決定,decisionn決定、決心communicate:v交流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語:①communicatesthtosb:傳播某事給某人;②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名詞:communication:acommunicationsatellite通訊衛(wèi)星;acommunicationnetwork通訊網(wǎng)，telecommunication:電訊、電1百，Chinatelecommunication中國電信inexact:a不正確的,反義詞:exactincomplete:a不完整的，反義詞:completepurpose:n目的、意圖,purposeful:a有目的的,蓄意的,purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地（*）Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.regularly:ad經(jīng)常地、定期地,regular:a定期的technique:n技術(shù)、技巧，outline:v概括;n輪廓、大綱a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.ntensivereading:Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewou1ddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的成年人會不同意這種說法的。①本句主語為:Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;謂語為:woulddisagreewith;賓語為:thisstatement②主語中包含有一個(gè)語法點(diǎn),定語從句。這是英語中一個(gè)非常重要的語法點(diǎn).顧名思義,定語從句應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語,請對比如ド兩句:Heboughtaninterestingbook.（定語）/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定語從句）〇具體介紹該語法點(diǎn):修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后面,它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。通常引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,（一般指人），which（一般指物），whose,that（人、物均可）.關(guān)系副詞有：when（時(shí)間），where（地點(diǎn)），why（原因）。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),要在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修飾先行詞mostadults,who是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語。下面我們ー起來看另幾個(gè)例句：仔細(xì)聽我的分析!Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She'sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此時(shí)為助動詞,表示“可能,將會”。④需掌握的短語:disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice***hundredsof:幾百,當(dāng)hundred,thousand,million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí),需用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并加介詞of;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeopleLanguagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.譯:語言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語:bedifferentfrom:與…不同Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.(*)譯:有些人很聰明,在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就,但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語言。①本句主語Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,謂語find,賓語difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning,it語法上稱作形式賓語:當(dāng)賓語較長時(shí),常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定語從句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,修飾先行詞somepeople,who在定語從句中作主語。③需掌握的習(xí)語:beintelligentandsuccessfulinone'sfield;succeedinsth/doingsthConversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地***)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似,口頭分析。Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)譯:語言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都是相似的。①本句主語Languagelearningresearch；謂語:shows;賓語:that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。在兵唔從句屮successfullanguagelearners是主塔;are是系動詞;similarinmanyways是表語②重要短語besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面與某人/某事相似7.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)譯:不是等這老師解釋,而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則。①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介詞短語作狀語，主語:they;謂諾:trytofind;賓語:thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介詞of后的動詞要用動名詞waiting③短語:insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)譯:他們尋找說這種語言的人,當(dāng)他們說錯(cuò)時(shí)就請這些人幫助指正。①這是?個(gè)由and連接的并列句,其中有一個(gè)定語從句whospeakthelanguage,修飾先行詞people;有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、糾正，短語:makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.譯:他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽到的或說ー些奇怪的東西。?whattheyhear是repeat的賓語從句②afraid的用法:beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat從句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.b.Iamafraidofsnake.c.He'safraidthathe'llbelateforclass..Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.譯:當(dāng)交流困難時(shí),他們會接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。本句中包含ー個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句Whencommunicationisdifficult,ー個(gè)定語從句thatisinexactorincomplete,修飾先行詞information,在從句中that作主語。.It'smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.（*）譯:對他們來說,學(xué)會用所學(xué)的語言來思考比學(xué)會每個(gè)單詞的意思更重要。①it作形式主語,真正主語是動詞不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage,原句語序應(yīng)是:Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主語的目的是因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z太長,為避免句子頭重腳輕,用it代替真正的主語。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=IfsverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短語:learntodosth學(xué)會做…；moreimportantthan…更重要12.It'snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary譯:對他們來說,學(xué)會這種語言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的①這句話較復(fù)雜,it作形式主語,動詞不定式是真正的主語,inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我們稱作目的狀語②短語:inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb響,??學(xué)習(xí)13.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.譯:因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會這種語言,所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語言是容易的。①it作形式賓語,真正的賓語topracticeusingthelanguageregularly,原因狀語從句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是動詞,英式英語拼寫形式是practise,美式英語動詞和名詞拼寫都是practice.作動詞時(shí),后面只能用動名詞,如:practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.（4段2行）14.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.（*）譯:如果你是一名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者,你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動地、R的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,主句中的havebeenlearning是動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示動作從以前開始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。②三個(gè)副詞:independently,actively,andpurposefully要會拼寫。15.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.譯：另一方面來說,如果你的語言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功,你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是條件狀語從句。②短語:ontheotherhand:另一方面來說;lessthansuccessful:不太成功;mightdowelltodosth:表示一種委婉語氣,不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor'sadvice.That'sallforthislecture,andlefscontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don'tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt,ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe,11continuetolearnunitone.I.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:Usefulphrases:disagreewith…（2段1行）；2.hundredsof（2段3行）；3.bedifferentfrom-（3段1行）；4.succeedinsth…（3段3行）；5.asmuchasyoucan（4段2行）；6.practicedoingsth（4段2行）；7.trytod〇…（4段4行）； 8.similarinsth…（5段2行）；9.firstofall（6段1行）；10.dependon（6段2行）；11.insteadofsth/doingsth（6段3行）；12.waitsbtod〇…（6段3行）；13.learnfromsth/sb（6段7行）；14.makeamistake（7段4行）; 15.beafraidtodo（7段5行）；16.bewillingtod〇…（7段6行）； 17.beinterestedinsth（8段2行）；inorderto（8段4行）； 19.communicatewithsb（8段4行）； 20.ontheotherhand（9段3行）； 21.mightdowelltodosth（9段4行）Someimportantwords:successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent; 6.conversely;7.similar; 8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully; 12.regularly;technique; 14.outline.Keytopartexercises:（frompage8to12）ー、課文練習(xí):I.d,a,c,d,d;1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outline1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.more*-than;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.converselyW.l.見課文;Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.見ー講作業(yè)。Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.二、詞匯練習(xí):.見ー講詞匯講解部分:3.cover:v覆蓋:uncover:v揭開,為cover的反義詞;discover:v發(fā)現(xiàn),同義詞:find,習(xí)題答案為:covered;uncover;discoveredII.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statement1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discover1,3,4,見^ー講作業(yè)3,4,5題。2見課文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.TextB:要求作一般了解,屬閱讀理解課文,對于textB的文章來說,雖然較A篇稍長,但難度稍低,檢測閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完成課后的習(xí)題。A.Somenewwords:instance:asinglefact,event,example?例子、實(shí)例，常用短語forinstance?例如。waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant（男性），waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游primitive:adj原始的:oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofmanexact反義i可inexactconsist;v短語:consistof組成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.simply:adv,simpleadj簡單的Somelanguagepoints:notonly'butals〇…不但…而且,并列連詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)e.g.(1)Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.neither…nor:既不…也不,并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)并列成分。e.g.(1)Autumnisagoodseason.It,sneitherhotnorcold.peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)inthisway:介詞短語,用這種方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatal1thirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一個(gè)定語從句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修飾先行詞TheEnglishman〇b.短語:bythistime到此時(shí)為止;notatall根本不…Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.譯:語言是由聲音組成的,但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語。短語:consistof,句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語從句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:tax:n稅;vt對…征稅Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.Myincomeistaxedatsource.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)generally:adv一般地、通常，同義詞:usually,常用語:generallyspeaking,generaladjtype:n類型、種類;v打字Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.salary:nエ資，salaried:adj拿エ資的earn:v掙錢、賺錢，earningsn賺得的錢percentage:n百分比、百分率;percentn前用數(shù)詞(*)Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn'tcometoday.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.vary:v變化、改變;variedadj有變化的、多樣的(*)Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.(注意介詞in的用法)pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.sale:n出售,sei1v出售charge:v收費(fèi)、控告Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.addition:n加法、附加物;addv增加;additionaladj額外的、增加的(*)Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.confuse:v使ラ昆舌L、ラ昆淆;confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?Tplain:v抱怨,常跟介詞of,about,complaint:n抱怨、投訴(?)Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(訴說有病)Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.useless:adj無用的，反義詞useful;careful—careless;helpful-*helpless;hopefulhopelessetc.impractical:adj不切實(shí)際的，反義詞practical;practicev實(shí)踐、實(shí)際program:n計(jì)劃、節(jié)目、程序;v編程序tend:v易于、傾向于,tendencyn趨勢、傾向peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢〇)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)譯:美國人常說,ー個(gè)人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會發(fā)生:死亡和納稅。分析:主語:Americans;謂語:say；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,還包含有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語從句,apersoncanbesureinlife修飾twothings.當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),?？墒÷浴.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.(why?)2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.請?jiān)囍g句子：1你一直在找的那個(gè)人來了。2昨天我媽給我的錢已經(jīng)被偷走了。Answer:Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短語;besureof:對…確信、確定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.Americansdon'thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)W：美國人并不壟斷“死亡’’市場,但很多人感到美國卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。短語:haveacorneronsomething:壟斷…；leadwith因…領(lǐng)先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.譯:由于高額的稅款,每年4月15日人們很個(gè)開心,因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日子。分析:Withthehighcostoftaxes,介詞短語作原因狀語,with=becauseof,由于…，whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定語從句,修飾onApri115〇When叫關(guān)系副詞。Where,when,why是定語從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞,分別在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)Ulineverforgetthedaywhen1enteredthecollege,(when=onwhich)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass,(why=forwhich)另外,若定語從句和先行詞之間用逗號分開稱為非限定性定語從句。它對先行詞只是進(jìn)ー步補(bǔ)充說明,刪除后不會影響整個(gè)句子的基本語意,譯成漢語時(shí)?般單獨(dú)翻譯。Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)譯:有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。分析:代詞that指anincometax,英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的,如在口語中我們可說“北京的天氣比廣州干燥’’,但譯為英語不能寫成:TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou,(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較,要改為:TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(J)otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)譯：其他洲征收銷售稅,對你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。分析:包含有兩個(gè)定語從句,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定語從句,修飾asalestax〇其中還含有另ー個(gè)限定定語從句whichyoubuyinthatstate修飾先行詞anyitem,chargedto表示“向…征收"charged過去分詞作定語修飾apercentage.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅,還征收個(gè)人所得稅來增加稅收。短語:inadditionto除…還有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet,raisetheirrevenue:增加稅收。Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.譯:他們經(jīng)常抗議政府對他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。他們認(rèn)為政府在ー些沒用或不切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目上花錢太多。短語:usesthinthewrongway,錯(cuò)誤地使用…，spendsthonsth在，??花費(fèi),或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.8.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)譯:盡管美國人在許多問題上有不同的觀點(diǎn),但他們往往在這一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成共識：稅收太高。短語:havedifferentviewsonsth對…有不同觀點(diǎn),tendto通常,agreeonsth同意某事,同意某人:agreewithsb;同意做某事:agreetodosth.III.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof（1段2行）；2.haveacorneronsth（1段2行）；3.leadwith（1段4行）；4.consistof（2段1行）；5.dependon（3段3行）；6.thatis（3段4行）； 7.besimilarto（4段3行）；8.inadditionto（4段10行）；9.publicworks（5段4行）；10.municipalbuiIdings（5段5行）；11.complainabout（6段3行）；12.usesthinthewrongway（6段3-4行）；13.spend…on（6段4~5行）；14.tendon（6段6行）；15.agreeon（6段6行）The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:I.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一\課文練習(xí):I.a,c,a,a,cIII.1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonIV.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.Anopenletterprotestedgovernment'sforeignpolicy.二、詞匯練習(xí):I見2講講課內(nèi)容。II.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsTextB:Ifsaboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoal1thecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit'sgoodorbad?Nowlet'sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:advertise:v做廣告、登）吉;advertisement:n縮寫ad;advertisingcompany廣告公司:advertiser:n登廣告的人attract:v吸引;attraction:n吸引力;attractive:adj吸引人的design:v設(shè)計(jì);designer設(shè)計(jì)師persuade:v勸說,常用習(xí)語:persuadesbtodosthleisure:n空暇、悠閑,atleisure有空,清閑。/r/