考研考博-英語-寧德職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧德職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

問題1選項

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

問題2選項

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

問題3選項

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

問題4選項

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

問題5選項

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我們的目標是教育和經(jīng)濟公平與平等，那么我們就需要積極地開展平權行動。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”殘酷無情的不公正造成了這樣的差距。我們需要創(chuàng)造性的公正和同情來消除差距。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因為平權法案而放棄的唯一一件事是不公平的優(yōu)勢，這在一開始是不必要的。選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)關鍵詞“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我們不是在100個位置中留出16個位置，而是在100個位置中增加16個位置，那會怎么樣?”他表示，這不會影響白人已經(jīng)擁有的東西。所以選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，AllanBakke挑戰(zhàn)的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”選項A正確。

2.單選題

Anewdegreeofintellectualpowerseemscheapatanyprice.Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws.Andthehumanracehaswiselysignifiedtheirsenseofthis,bycallingwealth,means-'Man'beingtheend.Languageisalwayswise.

ThereforeIpraiseNewEnglandbecauseitistheplaceintheworldwhereisthefreestexpenditureforeducation.Wehavealreadytaken,attheplantingoftheColonies,theinitialstep,whichforitsimportancemighthavebeenresistedasthemostradicalofrevolutions,thusdecidingatthestartthedestinyofthiscountry-this,namely,thatthepoorman,whomthelawdoesnotallowtotakeanearofcornwhenstarving,norapairofshoesforhisfreezingfeet,isallowedtoputhishandintothepocketoftherich,andsay,"Youshalleducateme,notasyouwill,butasIwill:notaloneintheelements,but,byfurtherprovision,inthelanguages,insciences,intheusefulandinelegantarts.ThechildshallbetakenupbytheState,andtaught,atthepubliccost,therudimentsofknowledge,and,atlast,theripestresultsofartandscience".

Humanlyspeaking,theschool,thecollege,society,makethedifferencebetweenmen.AllthefairytalesofAladdinortheinvisibleGygesorthetalismanthatopenskings'palacesortheenchantedhallsundergroundorinthesea,areanyfictionstoindicatetheonemiracleofintellectualenlargement.Whenamanstupidbecomesamaninspired,whenoneandthesamemanpassesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate,leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought—upanddown,around,alllimitsdisappear.Nohorizonshutsdown.Heseesthingsintheircauses,allfactsintheirconnection.

Oneoftheproblemsofhistoryisthebeginningofcivilization.Theanimalsthataccompanyandservemanmakenoprogressasraces.Thosecalleddomesticarecapableoflearningofmanafewtricksofutilityoramusement,buttheycannotcommunicatetheskilltotheirrace.Eachindividualmustbetaughtanew.Thetraineddogcannottrainanotherdog.AndManhimselfinmanyfacesretainsalmosttheunteachablenessofthebeast.Forathousandyearstheislandsandforestsofagreatpartoftheworldhavebeenledwithsavageswhomadenostepsofadvanceinartorskillbeyondthenecessityofbeingfedandwarmed.Certainnationswithabetterbrainandusuallyinmoretemperateclimateshavemadesuchprogressastocomparewiththeseasthesecomparewiththebearandthewolf.

Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman.Ofcourse,untilitisaccomplished,itisthewarandinsultofthingsoverhim.Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.Enamoredoftheirbeauty,comfortedbytheirconvenience,heseeksthemasends,andfastlosessightofthefactthattheyhaveworsethannovalues,thattheybecomenoxious,whenhebecomestheirslave.

Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties,thiscravingbody,whoseorgansaskalltheelementsandallthefunctionsofNaturefortheirsatisfaction,educatethewondrouscreaturewhichtheysatisfywithlight,withheat,withwater,withwood,withbread,withwool.Thenecessitiesimposedbyhismostirritableandall-relatedtexturehavetaughtManhunting,pasturage,agriculture,commerce,weaving,joining,masonry,geometry,astronomy.Hereisaworldpiercedandbeltedwithnaturallaws,andfencedandplantedwithcivilpartitionsandproperties,whichallputnewrestraintsontheyounginhabitant.Hetoomustcomeintothismagiccircleofrelations,andknowhealthandsickness,thefearofinjury,thedesireofexternalgood,thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.Thehouseholdisaschoolofpower.There,withinthedoor,learnthetragicomedyofhumanlife.Hereisthesincerething,thewondrouscompositionforwhichdayandnightgoround.Inthatroutinearethesacredrelations,thepassionsthatbindandsever.Hereispovertyandallthewisdomitshatednecessitiescanteach,herelabordrudges,hereaffectionsglow,herethesecretsofcharacteraretold,theguardsofman,theguardsofwoman,thecompensationswhich,likeangelsofjustice,payeverydebt:theopiumofcustom,whereofalldrinkandmanygomad.HereisEconomy,andGlee,andHospitality,andCeremony,andFrankness,andCalamity,andDeath,andHope.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatdoestheword“torpid”meaninparagraph3?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman”mean?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanassumethattheauthorbelievesthat.

問題1選項

A.Thepowerofhumancivilization.

B.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

C.Manlearningthelawsofsociety.

D.Theeducationempowermentofman.

問題2選項

A.Slow.

B.Stagnant.

C.Confused.

D.Excitable.

問題3選項

A.Arangeofexperiencescanbefoundinone'sownhome.

B.Notalllifelessonsrequireateacherorclassroom.

C.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

D.Humanendeavorissubjecttothelawsofnature.

問題4選項

A.Manisdrivenbyambitionanddesire.

B.Manbelieveshimselfsuperiortothenaturalworld.

C.Itisthedutyofmantoworktotheend.

D.Victorycanbeprecarious.

問題5選項

A.mandoeshisbesttomeethisneeds

B.thefutureofcivilizationrestsonman'slearningaboutnaturallaws

C.manhasgreatpotentialwithinhim

D.manisresponsibleforhisowndestruction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。結合全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段提出“Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws”，在接下來的段落提到了人與教育之間的關系，在最后兩段作者主要強調(diào)人類的教育賦權，即本文的主題，所以選項D正確。

第2題:2.詞義判斷題。根據(jù)原文“passesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate”從“torpid”的狀態(tài)進入到感知的狀態(tài)，再根據(jù)下文“l(fā)eavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought...”留下瑣事的喧囂，麻木的感官，進入到類似全知的高度思維狀態(tài)······由此可推測，“torpid”的狀態(tài)和瑣事喧囂，麻木的感官是相對應的，所以“torpid”意為遲鈍的，不活潑的，選項B與之意思相近。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties…withbread,withwool.”可知，并不是所有的人生課程都需要老師或教室，大自然同樣也能教育人類。所以選項B符合原文。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.”他（人類）持續(xù)的傾向以及巨大的危險，是忽視了這樣一個事實：世界只是他的老師，太陽和月亮，植物和動物的本質(zhì)只是激發(fā)人類內(nèi)心活動的手段。由此可推斷，人類喜歡戰(zhàn)勝一切是由于野心和欲望的驅使。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三四句“Hereisaworldpiercedandbelted...thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.”這是一個被自然法則束縛的世界，安置著民用隔墻和財產(chǎn)并用圍欄圍著，所有這些都對年輕的居民施加了新的限制。他也必須進入這個神奇的關系圈，了解健康和疾病，對傷害的恐懼，對外在美好的渴望，以及財富和權力的魅力。也就是說，人們應該要學習自然法則，因為文明的未來取決于人類對自然規(guī)律的了解。選項B符合原文。

3.單選題

Itisalsobelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.

問題1選項

A.enmity

B.symptom

C.adversity

D.plaintiff

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.enmity敵意B.symptom癥狀

C.adversity逆境D.plaintiff原告

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句中劃線詞受premenstrual“經(jīng)期前的”修飾，并且與acuteanxiety“急性焦慮”并列；原詞syndrome“綜合癥狀”。因此，B選項symptom“癥狀”與原詞最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合原句句意。

【句意】人們也認為，這些類固醇可以用于治療急性焦慮和經(jīng)前綜合癥等疾病。

4.單選題

ThedoorclosedbehindTweedashescannedthehandsomely（）doubleroomwhichoverlookedAlbemarleStreet.

問題1選項

A.furnished

B.finished

C.supplies

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語辨析。A選項furnished“有家具的”，B選項finished“完成的；結束的”，C選項supplied“有……提供的”，D選項provided“假如；倘若”，然后帶入原文的句意得出句子應該是想形容這個房間“裝飾的很好”，因此A選項符合題意。句意為：門在特威德身后關上了，他掃視著俯瞰阿爾伯馬爾街的那間陳設華麗的雙人房。

5.單選題

Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionare______;i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.

問題1選項

A.compulsory

B.compulsive

C.comprehensive

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項compulsory“（因法律或規(guī)則而）被強制的，義務的，必修的”，B項compulsive“強制的，強迫的，禁不住的”，指行為很難控制，C項comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的，有理解力的”，D項consistent“始終如一的，一致的，堅持的”。由addiction“癮，嗜好”可知，compulsive符合語境。句意：有這種癖好的人是強迫性的；也就是說，他們有一種非常強烈的心理需求，他們覺得必須要滿足這種需求。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。passon傳遞，繼續(xù)，去世；passup拒絕，錯過；passby走過，經(jīng)過；passout分發(fā)，昏倒。這里指沒有錯過一次練習中文的機會。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.

問題1選項

A.hasitbecome

B.ithasbecame

C.itbecomes

D.doesitbecome

【答案】A

【解析】語法知識。根據(jù)only可知這里應該用倒裝，首先排除選項B和C；填空處應用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，所以選項A正確。

8.單選題

Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（

）.

問題1選項

A.obligation

B.conviction

C.instruction

D.presentation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。obligation意為“義務，責任”；conviction意為“定罪，深信”；instruction意為“授課”；presentation意為“提交，報告”。

句意：學校承諾將班級縮小，并提供更加個性化的授課。

9.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。paradox“似是而非的論點”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假設”；dilemma“進退兩難”。題干中提及家長在面對孩子教育上有兩種選擇，讓他們難以抉擇，陷入兩難。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項onthegroundof“因為”；B選項onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會已______處于解體。根據(jù)語境，這里指奴隸社會快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.

問題1選項

A.summits

B.peaks

C.heights

D.highlights

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項summits“最高點；首腦會議”；B選項peaks“高峰的（時期）；（過程、活動的）頂峰”；C選項heights“頂點；高潮”；D選項highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天錄制的足球______將在新聞之后播放。根據(jù)語境，這里指足球比賽的精華集錦，D選項highlights“最精彩的部分”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Whenthegoinggetstough,realwomenstartcoloring.They’repickingupadultcoloringbooksbythedroves,atbookstoresandcraftstores,onAmazon,comandevenfromtheHomeShoppingNetwork.

Thedesignsappealtoeveryinterestfromwhimsicaldoodle(異想天開的涂鴉)tonaturescenesandfantasyworlds.

Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.Craftershaveknownthisintuitivelyforyears.

Anaccumulationofresearchshowsthatthesecreativeactivitiescanhelpyoude-stressfromeverydaypressures.Recentstudiessuggestthatstructuredrhythmicendeavorssuchascoloring,knitting,orquiltingareparticularlybeneficialbecausetheyeaseyouintoameditativestateofmindthatallowsyoutopushawaynegativethoughtsandworries.

“Theseactivitiesengageyourhandsaswellasyourmindandyourfocus”,saysarttherapistLacyMucklow,theauthorofseveralbest-sellingcoloringbooks.“Plus,therepetitiveactionsreleaseserotonin(血管收縮素),thebraintransmitterresponsibleforrelaxation.”

Numerousstudieshavelookedintohowcraftingbenefitsmoodandphysicalhealth.Ina2006studyco-sponsoredbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandseveralfederalhealthagencies,researchersfoundthatadults65orolderwhoengagedincreativeactivitiessuchasmakingjewelry,paintingorwritinghadbetteroverallhealth,madefewervisitstothedoctor,usedlessmedicationandhadfewerhealthproblemsthannon-crafters.

StressreductionisatopreasonCathySimocko-smith,59,aprofessionalgardenerinBridgeport，Conn,enjoyscoloring.“ColoringatnightwhileI’mwatchingTVhelpsquietmymind,”shesays.“Icanreallylosemyselfinit,anditstopsmefromthinkingaboutmyworkandthestressesinmylife.”

Coloringisagreatwaytoexploreyourcreativity—it’seasy,inexpensiveandyoudon’thavetoknowhowtodraw.The10to20minutesyouspendcoloringanimagethatgivesyouasenseofsatisfactioncanhaveapositivedominoeffectthroughoutyourday.

13.Itissaidinthepassagethatwomenstartcoloringwhen________.

14.CathySimocko-Smithenjoyscoloringbecause_________.

15.ApersonwhodoescoloringcangetthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT_________.

16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“respite”(inPara.3)probablymean?

問題1選項

A.thedigitalworldappealstopeople

B.theystillholdontotheirgirlhood

C.thereareeasyaccesstotheactivity

D.thesituationsbecomedifficult

問題2選項

A.shecansaveupmuchmoney

B.shecanforgetallhisworriesandcares

C.shewillstoptakingmedication

D.shewillvisitthedoctorlessfrequently

問題3選項

A.asenseofsatisfaction

B.ahappymoodthroughouthisday

C.explorationofcreativity

D.professionalknowledgeofdrawing

問題4選項

A.Ashortbreak.

B.Agoodopportunity.

C.Abeautifulplace.

D.Apleasantenvironment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】13.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：文章認為當……時候，婦女開始著色？根據(jù)題干定位至文章第一段第一句話Whenthegoinggetstough,realwomenstartcoloring.（當情況變得艱難的時候，現(xiàn)實生活中的婦女開始拾起著色技能。），因此D選項“情況變得困難”符合題意；文章第三段第一句話提到Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.（涂色不僅能喚起童年的快樂回憶；這種行為還可以培養(yǎng)一種幸福感，讓人們從數(shù)字化世界中放松一下。），可知長期生活在數(shù)字化世界中讓人感到疲憊，和A選項“數(shù)字世界吸引人的時候”，表達意思與原文相悖，故A選項排除；B選項“他們緊握自己的少女時代時”，文中并沒有提到婦女的少女時代，因此B選項排除；C項“容易接觸這類活動”，這類活動簡單，不需要技巧，但這并不是婦女著色的原因，因此C選項排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項。

14.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：凱西享受著色是因為……？根據(jù)題干定位至文章第七段第二句話“ColoringatnightwhileI’mwatchingTVhelpsquietmymind,”shesays.“Icanreallylosemyselfinit,anditstopsmefromthinkingaboutmyworkandthestressesinmylife.”（“晚上看電視的時候涂色能讓我的大腦安靜下來，”她說。“我真的可以在上色中迷失自我，它讓我不再去想我的工作和生活中的壓力?！保?，可知凱西享受著色主要是因為它可以為凱西帶來精神上的放松及愉悅，因此B選項“她可以忘記很多憂慮”符合題意；A選項“她可以節(jié)約很多錢”，文中沒有提到著色這種藝術行為可以給凱西省錢，故A選項不對，排除；C選項“她可以停止藥物治療”，D項“她可以減少看醫(yī)生的頻率”。文中沒有提到凱西需要或者可以停止藥物治療，也沒有提到她去看醫(yī)生，在上文第六段最后一句話文章提到researchersfoundthatadults65orolderwhoengagedincreativeactivitiessuchasmakingjewelry,paintingorwritinghadbetteroverallhealth,madefewervisitstothedoctor,usedlessmedicationandhadfewerhealthproblemsthannon-crafters.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與非手工藝者相比，從事珠寶制作、繪畫或寫作等創(chuàng)造性活動的65歲或以上的成年人整體健康狀況更好，就診次數(shù)更少，用藥更少，出現(xiàn)的健康問題也更少。），但是并沒有特指凱西這個人，故C，D選項排除；綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：一個著色的人可以有一些好處，除了……外？根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段Coloringisagreatwaytoexploreyourcreativity—it’seasy,inexpensiveandyoudon’thavetoknowhowtodraw.The10to20minutesyouspendcoloringanimagethatgivesyouasenseofsatisfactioncanhaveapositivedominoeffectthroughoutyourday.（著色是一種探索創(chuàng)造力的好方法——它簡單、便宜，而且你不需要知道如何畫畫。你花10到20分鐘給圖像上色，這能給你帶來滿足感，這會在你的一天中產(chǎn)生積極的多米諾效應。），可知A選項“滿足感”；B選項“貫穿整天的快樂情緒”；C選項“挖掘創(chuàng)造力”，都是著色的好處，只有D選項“繪畫的專業(yè)知識”，不符合題意，文章提到的是不知道畫畫也可以著色，可見著色這項活動并不能讓人學到專業(yè)繪畫知識。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項。

16.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干：第三段中下劃線的單詞“respite”可能是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至文章第三段第一句話Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.（涂色不僅能喚起童年的快樂回憶；這種行為還可以培養(yǎng)一種幸福感，讓人們從數(shù)字化世界中有一個放松的_____。），可知涂色可以讓人身心放松，得到短暫的緩解和休息，而數(shù)字化世界的快節(jié)奏讓人們緊張，疲憊，由此推斷“respite”指從數(shù)字化世界中逃離出來，放松休息，因此A選項“短暫休息”，符合題意；B選項“好機會”，C選項“美麗的地方”和D選項“舒適的環(huán)境”，均不是“respite”表達的含義。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。

13.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

問題1選項

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助動詞替代。題干中的as作為連詞，引導方式狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”。根據(jù)平行結構原則，從句中應填入實義動詞had，但主句中已有了一個have，為了避免重復，可用助動詞did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用來代替studied)．像列寧那樣學習。因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Healwaysincludedsomethingabovetheunderstandingofhishearersinordertopreventthemfrombecoming（

）andtostimulatetheirdesiretolearnmore.

問題1選項

A.pessimistic

B.complacent

C.perplexed

D.complicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。pessimistic“悲觀的”；complacent“自滿的；得意的”；perplexed“困惑的”；complicated“難懂的”。句意：他總是在聽眾理解力之外加上一些東西，來防止他們變得自滿，并且激發(fā)他們學習更多東西。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivewaytothequestion“whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventandthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminationthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumsta