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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大興安嶺職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould(
)it.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lookoutfor
B.lookinto
C.lookthrough
D.lookover
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“留心,提防”;B選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查,觀察,考慮”;C選項(xiàng)“瀏覽,溫習(xí)”;D選項(xiàng)“檢查,原諒”。句意:我向銷售經(jīng)理提出一個(gè)建議,他說(shuō)他將()。這里提出建議,經(jīng)理肯定是要經(jīng)過(guò)思考看是否可行的,所以答案選B。
2.翻譯題
1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)
It’sanotherbad-airdayinBeijing.Youcanbarelysee.Youcanbarelybreathe.Butyoucanfeel—andeventaste—thegritfloatingintheair.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhassethealthylevelofAirQualityIndexat25micrograms,whileBeijingconsidersa300readingas“Bad”and500as“Hazardous.”Lastweekend,however,itbreached700!“I’mgettingitchy,”complainedmydaughterMichelle,visitingusfromNewYork.“Icouldfeelitatthebackofmythroat.”
LongtimeexpatriateresidentsintheChinesecapitaljokinglycallitthe“Beijingtickle(癢癢)”,anaggingcoughthattakesalongtimetoshrugoff.
【答案】北京又是一個(gè)空氣不好的日子。你幾乎看不見(jiàn)。你幾乎不能呼吸。但你能感覺(jué)到——甚至嘗到——漂浮在空氣中的沙礫。世界衛(wèi)生組織將空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)的健康水平定為25微克,而北京認(rèn)為300微克是“不好的”,500微克是“危險(xiǎn)的”。然而,上周末,空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)突破了700微克!“我有點(diǎn)癢!”米歇爾來(lái)紐約時(shí)抱怨道,“我能感覺(jué)到它在我的喉嚨后面?!?/p>
在中國(guó)首都的長(zhǎng)期外籍居民開(kāi)玩笑地稱之為“北京癢癢”,需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能擺脫的持續(xù)咳嗽。
3.單選題
Theverdictmetwitha()ofcriticism.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.hail
B.gust
C.tuft
D.fit
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”;B選項(xiàng)agustof“一陣(風(fēng))”;C選項(xiàng)atuftof“一叢”;D選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣,陣發(fā)”。句意:這一判決遭到了一通批評(píng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the()whohasrefusedtostepdown.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inception
B.incursion
C.insurgency
D.incumbent
【答案】D
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inception“起初,獲得學(xué)位”;incursion“入侵,侵犯”;insurgency
“暴動(dòng)”;incumbent“在職者,現(xiàn)任者”。句意:貿(mào)易商正在關(guān)閉象牙海岸的業(yè)務(wù)為了符合國(guó)家要求,進(jìn)行國(guó)際認(rèn)證的總統(tǒng)選舉,給巴博施加壓力,巴博是拒絕退位下臺(tái)的現(xiàn)任者。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.單選題
Thedestructionofthesetreasureswasalossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.standupfor
B.makeupfor
C.comeupwith
D.putupwith
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組。A:standupfor“支持;堅(jiān)持”;B:makeupfor“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”;C:comeupwith“追趕上;提出”;D:putupwith“忍受,容忍”。句意:對(duì)人類而言,這些寶物的破壞是一種無(wú)法用金錢彌補(bǔ)的損失。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境,后文寫道沒(méi)有金錢可以彌補(bǔ),故B為正確答案。
6.單選題
Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.pulled
B.demolished
C.erased
D.leveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pull“拉,拔,拖”,B項(xiàng)demolish“拆除,破壞,毀壞”,C項(xiàng)erase“抹去,擦除”,D項(xiàng)level“瞄準(zhǔn),拉平,變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知,“拆除”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes.Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing.Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced.Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper.Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes.Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics.
Ifadesignated(target)memoryconsistsofacollectionofattributes,itsrecallorretrievalshouldbeenhancedbyanycuethatindicatesoneoftheattributes.Forexample,onfailingtorecallthetermhorse(includedinalisttheyhavejustseen),peoplemaybeaskedifanassociatedterm(say,barnorzebra)helpsthemrecalltheword.Whilesomeadditionalrecallhasbeenobservedwiththiskindofhelp,failuresarecommonevenwithostensiblyrelevantcues.Thoughitispossiblethatthecuesfrequentlyareappropriate,nevertheless,ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective.
1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?
2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatallencodedwordsare(
).
3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasacauseforforgetting?
5.Whichisnotmentionedasatendencyamongpeoplewhoencountertip-of-the-tongueexperience?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Wordsthatareonlyheardareeasilyforgotten
B.Thebrainalwaysremembersthemomentwordsarefirstlearned
C.Auditorycuesaremorehelpfulthanspatialcues
D.Uncommonwordsarenormallyrememberedwithvisualcues
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.rememberedwithouthelp
B.learnedwithoutcues
C.storedwithattributes
D.forgottenifnotused
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Howapersonrememberswords
B.Theoriginoftheexpression‘"tip-of-the-tongue”
C.Howapersonusesnewwords
D.Howcuesareusedtopronouncewords
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theneedformoreprecisespatialinformation
B.Thecreationofostensiblyrelevantcues
C.Thelearningofwordswithoutcorrespondingattributes
D.Theuseofinappropriateauditorycues
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Knowingthenumberofsyllablesinaword
B.Rememberingwherewordswereseen
C.Knowingthefirstletteroftheword
D.Recognizingthewordwhenheard
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:聽(tīng)到的言語(yǔ)信息很容易被忘記,第一段指出:Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics(相比聽(tīng)覺(jué)屬性占最少優(yōu)勢(shì)的那些記憶,聽(tīng)覺(jué)屬性占優(yōu)勢(shì)的記憶傾向于更快速地被忘記),故A項(xiàng)與原文不符。B:人的大腦一直記憶單詞被首先知曉的瞬間,第一段指出:Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced(有證據(jù)表明人的大腦可能編碼有關(guān)信息何時(shí)被知曉和多久一次被經(jīng)歷的數(shù)據(jù)),故B正確。C:聽(tīng)覺(jué)線索比空間線索更有幫助,D:不常見(jiàn)的單詞一般通過(guò)視覺(jué)線索被記憶,文章并未提及。
2.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes(差點(diǎn)想起一個(gè)名字或言詞的常見(jiàn)經(jīng)歷似乎和特定的感知屬性相關(guān)),Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes(研究表明,遺忘的頻率根據(jù)屬性的不同而變化),由此可知C項(xiàng)“被帶著屬性地儲(chǔ)存”正確。
3.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了“人怎樣記憶言詞”。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective(如果言詞沒(méi)有在帶著伴隨的屬性情況下被知曉(被編碼或儲(chǔ)存),那么任何種類的線索提示應(yīng)該是無(wú)效的),由此可知C“沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)屬性的學(xué)習(xí)言詞”正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:知曉言詞的音節(jié)數(shù),C:知曉言詞的第一個(gè)字母,第一段指出:Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing(特別地,說(shuō)自己有差點(diǎn)想起感覺(jué)的人傾向于以遠(yuǎn)超單純猜測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性去辨認(rèn)出言詞的第一個(gè)字母和其音節(jié)數(shù)),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:記憶言詞在哪里被看見(jiàn),第一段指出:Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper(—些記憶貌似包含空間信息,如一個(gè)人記得一個(gè)特定的新聞內(nèi)容位于報(bào)紙頭版右手邊較低位置),由此可知B項(xiàng)被提及。故選D“識(shí)別聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的言詞”。
8.單選題
WallStreetinaconceptualsenserepresentsfinancialandeconomicpower.ToAmericans,itcansometimesrepresentelitismandpowerpolitics,anditsrolehasbeenasourceofcontroversythroughoutthenation’shistory,particularlybeginningaroundtheGildedAgeperiodinthelate19thcentury.WallStreetbecamethesymbolofacountryandeconomicsystemthatmanyAmericanssawashavingdevelopedthroughtrade,capitalism,andinnovation.
WallStreethasbecomesynonymouswithfinancialinterests,oftenusednegatively.Duringthemortgagemessfrom2007一2010,WallStreetfinancingwasblamedasoneofthecauses,althoughmostcommentatorsblameaninterplayoffactors.TheU.S.governmentwiththeTroubledAssetReliefProgrambailedoutthebanksandfinancialbackerswithbillionsoftaxpayerdollars,butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.OnewriterintheHuffingtonPostlookedatFBIstatisticsonrobbery,fraud,andcrimeandconcludedthatWallStreetwasthe“mostdangerousneighborhoodintheUnitedStates”ifonefactoredinthe$50billionfraudperpetratedbyBernieMadoff.ManycomplainedthattheresultingSarbanes-Oxleylegislationdampenedthebusinessclimate.InterestgroupsseekingfavorwithWashingtonlawmakers,suchascardealers,haveoftensoughttoportraytheirinterestsasalliedwithMainStreetratherthanWallStreet.WhentheUnitedStatesTreasurybailedoutlargefinancialfirms,toostensiblyhaltadownwardspiralinthenation’seconomy,therewastremendousnegativepoliticalfallout,particularlywhenreportscameoutthatmoniessupposedtobeusedtoeasecreditrestrictionswerebeingusedtopaybonusestohighly-paidemployees.AnalystWilliamCohanarguedthatitwas“obscene(骯臟的)”howWallStreetreaped“massiveprofitsandbonusesin2009”afterbeingsavedby“trillionsofdollarsofAmericantaxpayers’treasure”despiteWallStreet’s“greedandirresponsiblerisk-taking”.WashingtonPostreporterSuzanneMcGeecalledforWallStreettomakeasortofpublicapologytothenation,andexpresseddismaythatpeoplesuchasGoldmanSachschiefexecutiveLldydBlankfeinhadn’texpressedcontrition(悔悟)despitebeingsuedbytheSEC(SecuritiesandExchangeCommission)in2009.McGeewrotethat“Bankersaren’tthesoleculprits,buttheirdenialsofresponsibilityandtheoccasionalvagueandwafflingexpressionofregretdon’tgofarenoughtodeflectanger”.
ButchiefbankinganalystatGoldmanSachs,RichardRamsden,is“unapologetic”andsees“banksasthedynamos(發(fā)電機(jī))thatpowertherestoftheeconomy”.Ramsdenbelieves“risk-takingisvital”.Othersinthefinancialindustrybelievethey’vebeenunfairlycriticizedbythepublicandbypoliticians.
ImagesofWallStreetanditsfigureshaveloomedlarge.The1987OliverStonefilmWallStreetcreatedtheiconicfigureofGordonGekkowhousedthephrase“greedisgood”,whichhadanunexpectedculturalinfluence,notcausingthemtoturnawayfromcorporategreed,butcausingmanyyoungpeopletochooseWallStreetcareers.
1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT().
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherealrootofthefinancialcrisisis().
4.InthefilmWallStreet,GordonGekkocouldbestbedescribedasa(n)().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.PhysicalLayoutofWallStreet.
B.WallStreetinthePublic’sEyes.
C.InfluencesoftheFilmWallStreet.
D.WallStreetasaFinancialCenter.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.WallStreethasarousedconsiderablepublicinterest
B.thebailoutprogramplaysanegativeroleinAmericanpolitics
C.WallStreetistheonlyoffenderbehindtheglobaleconomiccrisis
D.thepartWallStreethasplayedintheAmericaneconomyisunderattack
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.USgovernment’sexistinglegislationonbusinessclimate
B.USgovernment’spolitically-motivatedbailoutplan
C.WallStreet’sfavorabletreatmenttointerestgroups
D.WallStreet’slackofresponsibilityandhumanity
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.idiot
B.idol
C.idealist
D.gossip
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,第一段主要講美國(guó)公眾對(duì)華爾街的整體看法,接下來(lái)的段落便是具體的描述公眾眼中的華爾街。所以選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。
2.根據(jù)第一段可知選項(xiàng)A正確;根據(jù)第二段第三句“...butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)D也正確,只有選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及,且選項(xiàng)中only表述太絕對(duì)。所以本題選C。
3.根據(jù)第二段分析師WilliamCohan說(shuō)的話可知,華爾街金融危機(jī)的根源是其貪婪和不負(fù)責(zé)任的冒險(xiǎn)行為所導(dǎo)致的,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,電影《華爾街》塑造了戈登?蓋柯的標(biāo)志性人物,他說(shuō)“貪婪是好的”。這句話產(chǎn)生了意想不到的文化影響,不僅沒(méi)有讓年輕人擺脫集體的貪婪,反而讓他們選擇來(lái)華爾街冒險(xiǎn)。由此可知,戈登?蓋柯被塑造成為了一個(gè)偶像,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
9.單選題
Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.
Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.
Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.Expressiveleaderarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.
Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT___.
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphabout“naturalleaders”?
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?
5.Paragraphs3and4organizethediscussionofleadershipprimarilyintermof___.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.
B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.
C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.
D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.recruitment
B.formalelectionprocess
C.specificleadershiptraining
D.traditionalculturalpatterns
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”.
B.Thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.
C.“Naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.
D.“Naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.
B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.
C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.
D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.examplesthatillustrateaproblem
B.causeandeffectanalysis
C.narrationofevents
D.comparisonandcontrast
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有幾種不同的方法可以使人成為某個(gè)社會(huì)群體公認(rèn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,第二段只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì),幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo),第三段表明不同的人會(huì)充當(dāng)兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色,最后一段說(shuō)明不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色發(fā)揮的不同作用。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——例如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders——在不同的社會(huì)群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能。選D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會(huì)群體中的作用”;A選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問(wèn)題”,B選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體如何決定誰(shuí)將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”不符合原文主旨。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents…Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.(在家庭中,傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位……在較大的群體中,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過(guò)選舉或招聘正式選出的)可知A選項(xiàng)“招聘”,B選項(xiàng)“正式選舉程序”以及D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)文化模式”符合原文;C選項(xiàng)“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”原文未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“naturalleaders”定位到第二段decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.(數(shù)十年的研究未能找出可靠的證據(jù)來(lái)證明那些人是“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”。看起來(lái)似乎沒(méi)有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格;相反,只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì),幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo))可知選B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’存在”;A選項(xiàng)“很少有人稱得上是‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’”,C選項(xiàng)“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’很容易被一個(gè)社會(huì)群體的成員所接受”未在第二段提及;D選項(xiàng)“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’有一組相似的特征”和原文相悖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.(看起來(lái)似乎沒(méi)有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格;相反,只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì),幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo))可知適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不一定會(huì)適合另外某個(gè)群體,選A選項(xiàng)“看起來(lái)似乎沒(méi)有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個(gè)人品格;相反,只要具有適合某個(gè)特別群體所需要的品質(zhì),幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”;B選項(xiàng)“很少有人成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”,C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可以通過(guò)研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力最好地學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),但很少能拿出證據(jù)證明他們的資格”未在第二段提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段therearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup…Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.(通常情況下,不同的個(gè)體擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色。工具性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式……另一方面,表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)群體成員的集體福祉)以及第四段Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers…Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup…Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.(工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者與其他群體成員的關(guān)系可能是次要的……表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會(huì)與團(tuán)隊(duì)中的其他人建立一種更私人或更重要的關(guān)系……正如這兩種不同角色所表明的那樣:表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一般會(huì)從群體成員那里獲得更多的個(gè)人感情;而指導(dǎo)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo),如果他們能成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)群體的目標(biāo),可能會(huì)獲得更廣泛的尊重)可知這兩段是通過(guò)對(duì)比來(lái)表達(dá)不同群體會(huì)擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色,選D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)比”;A選項(xiàng)“舉例說(shuō)明一個(gè)問(wèn)題”,B選項(xiàng)“原因和影響分析”以及C選項(xiàng)“事件的敘述”都不符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Finallyheloweredhisevesinashowofrespectandsaid,"Thatroomisreservedforhonoredguestsfromrichcountries."IwassoshockingthatIdidn'tknowhowtoreply.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.loweredhisevesin
B.ashowofrespect
C.honoredguests
D.wassoshocking
E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞誤用。shocking改為shocked。句意:最后,他目光低垂以表尊敬,并且說(shuō):"那個(gè)房間時(shí)專門招待富裕國(guó)家的尊客。"我感到非常震驚,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking令人震驚的。shocked感到震驚的。
11.單選題
Aviolentthunderstormwas()asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.eminent
B.imminent
C.instantaneous
D.simultaneous
【答案】B
【解析】eminent杰出的;imminent即將來(lái)臨的;instantaneous即時(shí)的;simultaneous同時(shí)的。句意:當(dāng)烏云在頭頂聚集時(shí),一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨即將到來(lái)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
12.單選題
Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.
Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.
EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.
JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.
Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.
“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.
“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.
DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.
Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.
56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause().
57.Researchersstatethat().
58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat().
59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause().
60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly
B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures
C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears
D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies
B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources
C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving
D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment
B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation
C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity
D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury
B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury
C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury
D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld
B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld
C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds
D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】56.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.(生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來(lái)的壓力,今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長(zhǎng)率在下降,但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。)也就是說(shuō)生物多樣性的減少是由于個(gè)體家庭數(shù)量的激增,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“人類正在威脅許多野生動(dòng)物”;文章沒(méi)有提到;C選項(xiàng)“近年來(lái)人口一直在減少”,不是原因;D選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物依賴更多的個(gè)體家庭”,無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。
57.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.(在規(guī)模更大的家庭中,資源消耗的效率會(huì)高得多,因?yàn)楦嗟娜朔窒頄|西。)因此A選項(xiàng)“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”;C選項(xiàng)“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項(xiàng)“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒(méi)有提到的。
58.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.(當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)了,但房屋的總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)得更快,從而對(duì)竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。)可知,小規(guī)模家庭的增多,意味著對(duì)自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多,生物的
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