考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristselectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalysed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11thattacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism."Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,"LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:’’Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany'scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithInternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan"electronicPearlHarbor"attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand$200moffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaystoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphotocallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18thRichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib,makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infact,betherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe"millenniumbug”andthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustrybetheyvendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,（

）.

4.’’Lily-liveredapproach"(para.3)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby（

）.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorism

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother"PearlHarbor"attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug"

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一句話‘Itisadevastatingprospect.’，可見所描述的場(chǎng)景只是想象中未來可能發(fā)生的情景。這一段描述了恐怖分子用電子手段發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)美國(guó)大城市的襲擊后的混亂場(chǎng)景：企業(yè)癱瘓，醫(yī)院爆滿，道路堵塞等等。可見，如果這種襲擊發(fā)生的話，美國(guó)的一座大城市就會(huì)陷入混亂。所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.monger這個(gè)詞本身就是一個(gè)貶義詞，指一個(gè)持悲觀論調(diào)，散布末世論的人。再看文章第三段，作者針對(duì)這種人散布的恐怖威脅論進(jìn)行了分析，認(rèn)為所謂公用事業(yè)公司的關(guān)鍵控制系統(tǒng)易受攻擊的說法站不住腳。第四段作者引用一次模擬演習(xí)的結(jié)論說，電子恐怖襲擊可能造成巨大破壞，但襲擊的成本非常高，耗時(shí)也非常長(zhǎng)，有遠(yuǎn)比這簡(jiǎn)單有效的辦法。在文章末尾，作者引用計(jì)算機(jī)專家的話“those(people)overstatetherisk”?？梢?，作者雖然也承認(rèn)這種威脅有可能存在，但認(rèn)為這些doom-mongers夸大了威脅的程度。所以C選項(xiàng)‘theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing‘符合題意。

3.文章第四段分析了電子恐怖襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的說法站不住腳的另一個(gè)理由：通過模擬演習(xí)得出結(jié)論，這種襲擊耗資巨大，耗時(shí)太長(zhǎng)，恐怖分子完全可以采取更加簡(jiǎn)單有效成本低廉的襲擊手段。所以D選項(xiàng)’itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure恐怖分子不太可能借助電子手段襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的‘符合題意。

4.根據(jù)上下文，RichardClarke針對(duì)如何保護(hù)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施免遭數(shù)字化襲擊提出了人們期待己久的計(jì)劃，但這個(gè)計(jì)劃就好像一個(gè)受潮的爆竹，既沒有給出堅(jiān)決的建議，也沒有提出新的規(guī)章或者法規(guī)。然后對(duì)作者對(duì)這種做法用“l(fā)ily-livered”一詞加以總結(jié)，推測(cè)“膽小”比較符合題意。

5.本文最后一段將現(xiàn)在的恐怖威脅論和“千年蟲”恐慌加以對(duì)比，認(rèn)為這種人為制造恐慌的做法只是為了讓那些散布恐慌的人“stoodtogain”。接著，作者引用一位專家的話，認(rèn)為這些人，“不論是想要促銷產(chǎn)品的商人，還是渴望得到補(bǔ)助金的學(xué)者，抑或是期望更多預(yù)算的政客，都有一種內(nèi)在的動(dòng)機(jī)促使他們夸大險(xiǎn)?！庇纱丝梢?，B選項(xiàng)’doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.散布恐怖威脅論的人與其說是關(guān)心國(guó)家安全，不如說是關(guān)心自己的利益?！项}意

2.單選題

ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOCEplusculturalinformation.

Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.

Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.

Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.

1.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalones?

2.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause（

）.

3.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionary,specialthoughtshouldbegivento

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone.

B.Thenewapproachtodefiningwords.

C.Theinclusionofculturalcontent.

D.Theincreaseinthenumberofentries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsscopeofculturalentriesgoesbeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld

B.itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries

C.itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingpeople

D.itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ithasawiderselectionofencyclopedicentries

B.itismainlydesignedtomeettheneedsofradiolisteners

C.itlaysmoreemphasisonlanguagethanonculture

D.itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelanguagelevelsofitsusers

B.thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasers

C.thedifferenttastesofitsusers

D.thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

B.Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

C.TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.

D.Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段可知三本詞典都有不同于以往的特點(diǎn)，即都增添了文化方而的內(nèi)容。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld(因此，牛津詞典比朗文同典更經(jīng)得起對(duì)文化偏見的嚴(yán)格審視，因?yàn)楹笳呖偸且杂⒄Z國(guó)家的視角來評(píng)判其他國(guó)家的文化現(xiàn)象)。因此,可以看出朗文字典只是從英語國(guó)家的文化觀點(diǎn)去審視其他國(guó)家的文化。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第六句指出：TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension(他們認(rèn)為的目標(biāo)使用者是經(jīng)常收聽國(guó)際廣播的聽眾，而他們通常具有一定的英語水平和較強(qiáng)的聽力理解能力),因此選B“主要目的在于滿足廣播聽眾的需要”。

4.判斷推理題。由文章最后一段可知，這三本字典會(huì)有各種各樣的讀者購買，這些讀者的社會(huì)文化背景也會(huì)是各種各樣的，他們中一定有些人生活在世界觀與之相反甚至敵視的文化背景下。這些高級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)者不僅可以根據(jù)這本字典是否合用來評(píng)價(jià)它，而且對(duì)各種社會(huì)文化詞條的內(nèi)容和準(zhǔn)確性都有自己的看法，也就是說字典的編纂者要考慮到這些。故選D“用戶的不同文化背景”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出英國(guó)BBC廣播公司字典、朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)詞典、牛津高階英語詞典三大詞典都有新版本面市，都有不同于以往的特點(diǎn)，即都增添了文化方而的內(nèi)容。但是三本字典的側(cè)重方面不同，用戶群體不一樣，各自增加新內(nèi)容的角度與方式也不相同。故A“新出版的三本英語字典處理社會(huì)文化內(nèi)容的不同的方法”比較能概括文章主旨。

3.填空題

Voiceofforeigners,JoyinJiangsuEastchina'sJiangsuprovinceisinvitingforeigners（1）intheprovincetosharetheirstoriesaboutlifeinChina（2）theannual"SharedJoyinJiangsu"Chinese（3）ContestforForeignersgetsunderway.

ThecontesthasthefullsupportoftheJiangsuprovincialgovernment,theJiangsuProvincialDepartmentofEducationandtheJiangsuBroadcastingCorporation.

Themed“HappyJiangsu,HappyChinese’’，thecontestencouragesforeignfriendstospeakonvarioustopics,suchasMyJiangsuStoryandMyChinaDream,toshowtheirlove（4）Chinaanditsculture,anddemonstratetheappealof（5）easternandwesterncultures.

Thefirststageofthecontest-anonlineauditionstartingfromMarchtoApril25invitesinterestedforeignerstoregisterwithamobilevideooftwotothreeminutesinChinese,introducingthemselvesandtheirChineseconnections.

Theentrantswillbeselected（6）theirvideos,andjudgeswillalsoconductphone（7）withthemforfurtherconsideration

The60chosencontestantsannouncedonMayIwillhaveplentyoftimetopreparetheirspeechesastheeliminationstagewillbeheldintheprovince'ssouthern,centralandnorthernparts,（8）byWuxi,NanjingandXuzhourespectively,fromMay20toearlyJune.

Thefinalswillbefilmedinmid-JuneatthegrandtheaterofJiangsuBroadcastingCorporationWinnerswillbeawardedprizesandcertificatesfortheirachievements,andhavethechancetodelvemoreintoJiangsuculturebytakingpartintheseriesofactivities"JiangsuthroughForeignersEyes”.

（9）foreignerscansignupattheofficialwebsiteofhttp://20633/2017speech,viatheofficialWeChataccountat"tongleJS",orbyemailtojswx@.Universitystudentscanalsoregisterattheirschools'internationaleducationcolleges.

The"SharedJoyinJiangsu"ChineseSpeakingContestforForeignershasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutforfouryears.Aspartofthe"SharedJoyinJiangsu"serieswhichalso（10）talentshows,musicfestivalsandculturaltrips,ithelpspromotetheprovince'sdiversificationandinternationalization.

【答案】1.living

2.as

3.speech

4.for

/r/egrating

6.from

/r/erviews

8.represented

9.Interested

10.features

【解析】1.此處是動(dòng)詞live的分詞做后置定語修飾foreigners，表示“居住在這個(gè)省的外國(guó)人”,而邏輯主語foreigners與live之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2.as符合句意，表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)，因?yàn)?，由于”?/p>

3.此處表示“漢語演講比賽”。

4.此處表示“對(duì)中國(guó)的熱愛”，因此用for。

5.此處表示:展示東西方文化…的魅力。因此填integrating比較合適，表示“融合”。

6.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填入介詞。這里表示:這些參加者將通過錄像來選擇，因此from比較合適。

7.該處表示:評(píng)委還將與他們進(jìn)行電話…，以便進(jìn)一步考慮。因此填入interviews，表示“面試”。

8.該處句意為:被選中的60名選手分別在江蘇省的南部、中部和北部舉行演講比賽，分別…無錫，南京等。因此填入represented表示“代表”。

9.此處可以填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾“外國(guó)人”，根據(jù)句意可知，可填入interested表示“感興趣的”。

10.空格在定語從句中，而且該從句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，features適合填入空格表示“以…為特色”。

4.單選題

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。Denote預(yù)示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮蓋，包圍。選項(xiàng)C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

5.單選題

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precedence“優(yōu)先，居先”；B選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮，成功”；C選項(xiàng)presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D選項(xiàng)probability“可能性，機(jī)率”。句意：這個(gè)問題應(yīng)該（）討論，因?yàn)樗绕渌麊栴}都重要。本句表示的是“這個(gè)問題應(yīng)該優(yōu)先討論”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehasplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatewhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.”

“Theresultsofourresearch”，Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions."

(1)Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

(2)Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialties.

(3)Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.’sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat（）.

2.Researchhasshownthat（）.

3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.（）.

4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetdropoutsbacktocampus.

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.D.thehighdropoutrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D’sinfinancialattainment.

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

C.D.studies.C.

D.studies.C.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.D.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programs.D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.D.Ph.D.’sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow

B.academicrequirementtoohigh

C.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.

D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.salaryfordropoutstoohighD.l,000positions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.“一些人認(rèn)為，可以通過說服輟學(xué)者重返研究生院完成博士學(xué)位，來減少受過高等教育的專家和大學(xué)教師的短缺”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該采取措施讓輟學(xué)者重返校園”與原文意思相符，為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework“博士候選人的輟學(xué)率高達(dá)31%，在大多數(shù)情況下，這些輟學(xué)生在沒有完成博士學(xué)位要求的情況下，都在繼續(xù)從事生產(chǎn)性工作?！庇纱丝赏瞥鯠選項(xiàng)“大約三分之一開始攻讀博士學(xué)位的人沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)獲得學(xué)位”與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“輟學(xué)者在經(jīng)濟(jì)成就方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于博士”與文章最后一句表達(dá)意思相反，所以不正確；B選項(xiàng)“在攻讀博士學(xué)位方面，激勵(lì)因素是次要的”與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“如果這位博士候選人退出，他很可能改變他的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域”在文中并未提及。因此，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第八段中Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.“近75%的退學(xué)學(xué)生表示，他們的決定并非出于學(xué)術(shù)原因，但那些提到學(xué)術(shù)原因的學(xué)生表示，他們沒有通過資格考試、沒有完成研究以及沒有通過語言考試?！庇纱丝赏浦狢選項(xiàng)“是許多博士課程的重要組成部分”與原文意思相符，正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。本題題干意思是讀完這篇文章后，人們不會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論……文章最后一段中Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.“至于讓輟學(xué)學(xué)生重返校園的可能性，前景不容樂觀?！盇選項(xiàng)“讓博士輟學(xué)生重新回到他們對(duì)學(xué)位的追求中，樂觀主義占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位”與原文意思相反，因此選項(xiàng)A為正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:判斷推理題。由倒數(shù)第二段中Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.“這也可能表明了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即博士往往能拿到最高薪水的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的高薪仍落后于其他領(lǐng)域。”由此可以推出，博士的薪資并不高，因此A選項(xiàng)“博士的薪水太低”與原文相符。選項(xiàng)B、C都屬于過度推斷，選項(xiàng)D文章并未提及。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A為正確選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)orrather“更準(zhǔn)確說，倒不如說”，B項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”，C項(xiàng)butrather“而寧可說是”，D項(xiàng)otherthan“除了，不同于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞drug（藥物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表轉(zhuǎn)折，只有C項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：有時(shí)病人遭受嚴(yán)重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Hemadearough（）ofthefirstfloorofthatbuilding,showinguswherehisofficewaslocated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.painting

B.illustration

C.drawing

D.sketch

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)painting“繪畫，油畫”。B選項(xiàng)illustration“插圖，例證”。C選項(xiàng)drawing“繪畫，繪圖”。D選項(xiàng)sketch“略圖，素描”。句意：他畫了一幅大樓一樓的草圖，告訴我們他的辦公室在哪里。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.問答題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,youcan'thelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.

Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;

A

B

theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：B;dated

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。由“theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort”可知此處指的是不好的，look表示“看起來”的意思，后面接形容詞，dated意為“過時(shí)的”。

10.單選題

Althoughwomenareascompetentasmeninmanagingpeopleandorganization,theystilldonotattainthehighestpositionsincorporations.Their（1）seemstobe

（2）

byaninvisiblebarrier.Atsomepoint,they

（3）

what'scalled“theglassceiling.”Failuretoattainthetopmostjobsinsomecasesis

（4）

lackofexperienceor

（5）

education.Becausegender

（6）

haskeptwomenoutofmanagementuntilrecentyears,theyhavenothadtimeto

（7）

theyearsofexperiencethatare

（8）

ofmosthigh-rankingexecutives.Alsoinearlieryears,womenwere

（9）

fromenteringgraduateschoolsofengineering,science,business,andlawwhichhavebeen

（10）

tocorporatemanagement.Evenasthosebarriershavebeenlowered,though,womenremain

（11）

atexecutivelevels.Asagroup,theyhavenotyet

（12）

theglassceilingtobecomechiefexecutiveofficersorboardchairpersons.Somethingcontinuestoholdthemback.

Inoneauthoritativestudy,womenexecutives

（13）

threekindsofpressuresthatcomplicatedtheirprofessionaladvancements:theday-to-day,year-in-year-outdemandsandthehectic(忙亂的)

（14）

ofexecutivework;their

（15）

roleas“firstwomanexecutive”andthespecialneedtoprovethemselvestoothers;andthestrainofmeetingfamily

（16）

.Inotherwordsthesewomenmanagersfacedallofthenormaldemandsofexecutiveworkthatmen,experienceplustwoadditionalrequirements

（17）

totheircustomaryrolesinsociety.Havingprovenmanagerialtalentwasnotenough.Psychologically,theyhadtoprovethemselvestheequalofmen.Socially,theyfoundthemselvescarryinga

（18）

shareoffamilyresponsibilities.Thesepsychologicalandsocial

（19）

canholdbackthemostskilledanddedicatedmanager,evenincompanieswheregenderprejudiceis

（20）

aminimum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.ascent

C.lubricated

D.restrained

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.blocked

B.prohibited

C.lubricated

D.res