考研考博-英語-四川外國語大學重慶南方翻譯學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川外國語大學重慶南方翻譯學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問題1選項

A.copy

B.issue

C.magazine

D.printing

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項copy“抄送，副本”；B選項issue“問題，期號”；C選項magazine“雜志”；D選項printing“印刷”。句意：我非常高興在貴刊二月的一期中讀到了約翰遜教授寫給編輯的信。這里指的是某雜志二月份的那一期，所以選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

ThemysteriousspokesinSaturn's（土星）ringsmaybecreatedbymassivethunderstormsintheplanet’satmosphere.Ifthetheoryisright,thesefaintfeaturesarethesignatureofawesomeevents:lightningstrokesaretenthousandtimesmoreenergeticthanthoseonEarthreleasingbeamsofelectronsthatsurgeupfromSaturnssurfacetowhack（重擊）intotheringsandblastoutjetsofelectricallychargeddust.

Theidea,proposedbyGeraintJonesoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforSolarSystemResearchinKatlenburg-Lindau,Germany,andhiscolleaguesinGeophysicalResearchLetters,remainsspeculative.Noonehaseverseenstorm-inducedelectronbeamsonSaturn.Buttheresearcherssaythatthetheorywouldexplainsomepuzzlingfeaturesofthespokes,andthatitfitswithwhatisknownabouttheeffectsofthunderstormsonEarth.

ThespokesofSaturn’sringswerefirstdiscoveredbytheVoyagerIandIIspacecraftwhentheypassedclosetothegasgiantplanetin1980and1981.Thespokesare“averycomplexphenomenon,andadifficultthingtountangle”,saysCarolynPorcooftheSpaceScienceInstituteinBoulder,Colorado,whowasthefirstpersontoworkonthesemysteriousfeaturesbackintheVoyagerdays.

Thespokesappearasbrightordarkstreaksabout100kmwideandupto20,000kmlongthatcrosstherings,makingthemlookasthoughtheyhavebeensmearedbyagiantfinger.Theyaretransient,buildingupoveraperiodofafewhoursandthendisappearingagainseveralhourslater.Andtheyaren’talwaysthereatall:between1998and2004,whenNASA’sCassinispacecraftreachedtheplanet,therewasnosignofany.SpokesreappearedinSeptember2005,whenCassinitooksnapshotsofthem.

Researchersagreethatthespokesaremadeofdustgrainsthathavebecomeelectricallychargedandarepushedupoutoftheringsinlongstreamersbyelectrostaticrepulsion（靜電排斥）.Buttheydon’tknowwhatcausesthecharging.

Onetheoryisthatthishappenswhenmeteoritesplowintotheringsandwhipupacloudofchargedplasma（等離子區(qū)），whichthenchargesuptherings’dustparticles.Butthis,saysJones,can’texplainwhythespokesbuildupgraduallyit’simplausible（難信的）thatseveralmeteoriteswouldstriketheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession.

AnalternativeexplanationisbasedonthewaythatthunderstormsonEarthcangenerateelectronbeamsintheupperatmosphere.Whileregularlightningboltstravelbetweencloudsandthegroundbelow,high-energyparticlesstreamingfromspacecalledcosmicrayscantriggerelectrondischargesabovetheclouds.TheseelectronsstreamoutwardsintospacealongthefieldlinesoftheEarth’magneticfield.Thiscanproduceflashesofgammaraysaswellasglowingatmosphericfeaturescalledsprites.

ThunderstormsarealsoknowntohappenwithinthethickatmosphereofSaturn,andJonesandcolleaguessaythatthesearelikelytohavethesameeffect—cosmicrayscomingintowardsSaturnshouldlikewiseformoutgoingelectronbeamsthatcouldhittherings,chargingupdustgrains.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybetheauthor’sview?

2.ItwasCarolynPorcowhofirstworkedon（）.

3.Whydidn’tCassinigetthesignofspokeswhenitreachedSaturnbetween1998and2004?

4.Ifthefirsttheoryaboutchargingistrue,（）.

5.Itisbelievedthatthunderstorms（）.

問題1選項

A.Thunderstormshavegreatdestructiveforce.

B.Saturn’sspokesmaybemadebylightning.

C.Saturnexplorationwillbecontinued.

D.Spokesareacommonphenomenoningalaxy.

問題2選項

A.themysteriousphenomenaintheuniverse

B.thefeaturesofspacescience

C.voyagerspacecraft

D.thespokesofSaturn’srings

問題3選項

A.Becausethespokesaretransient.

B.Becausethespokescanhardlybeseen.

C.BecauseCassiniwasnotcloseenoughtoSaturn.

D.Becausethespokesweretoodarktobeseenatthattime.

問題4選項

A.theremustbechargeddustparticlesaroundtheringsofSaturn

B.theremustbeacloudofchargedplasmacreatedbyseveralmeteorites

C.theremustbemeteoritesplowingintotheringsofSaturn

D.theremustbeseveralmeteoritesstrikingtheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession

問題5選項

A.cancreateflashesofgammarays

B.mayhappenwithinthethickatmosphereofSaturn

C.mayinterferewiththemagneticfieldofSaturn

D.canblastoutjetsofelectricallychargeddust

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一二段對土星外的那層光環(huán)進行了一些猜測，但是這些也僅僅是猜測，并沒有任何證據(jù)能證實，因此選項C“對火星的探索還將繼續(xù)”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句話提到CarolynPorco是第一個在關(guān)于土星光環(huán)這個神秘特征上做工作的（thefirstpersontoworkonthesemysteriousfeaturesbackintheVoyagerdays）。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第四段第二句提到這些光環(huán)是短暫的，一會出現(xiàn)，一會又不見了（theyaretransient,buildingupoveraperiodofafewhoursandthendisappearingagainseveralhourslater），因此選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提到這些理論不能解釋這些光環(huán)為什么逐漸出現(xiàn)（Butthis,saysJones,can’texplainwaythespokesbuildupgradually–it’simplausiblethatseveralmeteoriteswouldstriketheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession），因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到宇宙射線能夠引發(fā)電子在云層之上放電（high-energyparticlesstreamingfromspacecalledcosmicrayscantriggerelectrondischargesabovetheclouds），選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Theshopassistantwasstraightwithhiscustomers.Ifanarticlewasof（）quality,he’dtellthemso.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.inferior

C.minor

D.awkward

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項humble“謙遜的、簡陋的”；B選項inferior“差的、自卑的”；C選項minor“較小的、次要的”；D選項awkward“尷尬的、笨拙的”，句意為：那個店員對顧客很坦率。如果商品質(zhì)量低劣，他就會把它們換掉。inferiorquality為次等質(zhì)量的意思，因此選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。prick意為“刺，扎，戳”；poke意為“戳，捅”；probe意為“追問，探究”；peer意為“凝視”。

句意：一個好的科學家會探究一個問題的所有方面去找到解決方案。

5.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。apprehensive表示“憂慮的，不安的”；A項optimistic“樂觀的”，B項anxious“焦慮的”，C項uncertain“不確定的”，D項scared“害怕的”。句意：這個國家進行了核試驗，并不擔心其后果。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問題2選項

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問題3選項

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

問題4選項

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘以下哪一項在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根據(jù)第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學知識的一個關(guān)鍵成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關(guān)的無知，而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質(zhì)量的無知。”確定B選項“知識產(chǎn)生更好的無知”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干：為什么科學關(guān)注的是問題而不是答案？由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者認為，人們更容易了解問題（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根據(jù)文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科學的這一面在公眾心目中……，我稱之為科學的累積觀點對我們來說，這一堆事實太多而永遠無法企盼征服?！币约案鶕?jù)文章最后一句話中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場偉大的冒險”可知此處表示公眾對科學的對比態(tài)度，D選項“變得不那么重要了”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么？全文講的是科學與大眾的關(guān)系，文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學中來。因此選項A符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

7.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

問題1選項

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

問題2選項

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

問題3選項

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

問題4選項

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一個階段，每個問題的各方都援引了《法治》，最終以大法官史蒂文斯在布什訴戈爾案中提出的著名異議告終），結(jié)合法律知識，此處的異議是指案外人對執(zhí)行標的提出不同的意見，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)人的意見，A選項“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)法官的意見”和原文不符，同時可知D選項“辯論的每一階段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（許多讀者會記得2000年佛羅里達選舉失敗時的情形……）可知2000年正在進行總統(tǒng)選舉，B選項“2000年是總統(tǒng)選舉舉行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（盡管我們可能永遠無法完全確定今年總統(tǒng)選舉的贏家是誰，但輸家的身份是非常清楚的。這是國家對法官作為法治公正監(jiān)護人的信任）可知C選項“法官們知道誰是選舉中的失敗者”符合原文。因此A選項符合題意。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在沒有法律依據(jù)的情況下監(jiān)禁某人、在沒有正當程序保障的情況下拘留人、為黨派利益操縱憲法——所有這些都被視為對法治的濫用）可知A選項“讓法院決定總統(tǒng)選舉的最終結(jié)果”，B選項“在沒有任何正當程序保障的情況下逮捕某人”，D選項“未經(jīng)法庭審判就把某人關(guān)進監(jiān)獄”屬于對《法治》的濫用，A選項屬于為黨派利益操縱憲法，法院不能直接決定總統(tǒng)選舉的結(jié)果。C選項“針對特定案件向法院下達命令的政府機構(gòu)”不屬于原文所提到的對《法治》的濫用。因此C選項正確。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我還認為，我們對《法治》的理解不僅應(yīng)強調(diào)既定的、確定的規(guī)則的價值和它們使之成為可能的可預(yù)測性，而且還應(yīng)強調(diào)法律實踐的程序和辯論方面的重要性）可知作者認為對《法治》的理解還應(yīng)該強調(diào)實體和程序兩個方面，選B選項“對法治的理解應(yīng)該強調(diào)實體和程序兩個方面”，同時可知D選項“法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則”不符合原文，原文只是說不僅應(yīng)該強調(diào)既定的，確定的規(guī)則，不能過度推測出法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則；A選項“學者們對法治的理解是正確的”和C選項“當人們試圖解釋什么是法律時，他們談?wù)摰氖欠ㄖ巍钡谌挝瓷婕?，排除。因此B選項正確。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（當我們至少部分地從程序性和辯論性的主題來理解《法治》時，要比單純地從確定性和可預(yù)見性來理解法治時，更容易理解法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系）可知選A選項“人們應(yīng)該至少從程序和辯論主題的角度看《法治》”，同時可知B選項“法治應(yīng)該純粹從確定性和可預(yù)見性的角度來看待”和原文相悖，以及C選項“更容易把握法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而對法律制度的理解，既強調(diào)法庭上的辯論，也強調(diào)規(guī)則的存在和承認，為更豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價值提供了基礎(chǔ)）可知同時強調(diào)法庭上的辯論和規(guī)則的存在能幫助對法律制度的理解，而對法律制度的理解為了豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價值提供了基礎(chǔ)，D選項“將法律理解為規(guī)則和法庭上使用的規(guī)則有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

問題1選項

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。A選項“挑釁，蔑視”；B選項“文件編制，文檔”；C選項“維持，保養(yǎng)”；D選項“支配，統(tǒng)治”；根據(jù)句意‘繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察的中國人可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻記錄者，并且基于這一原因，中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最悠久連續(xù)的文獻記載?！_定B選項正確。

9.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.

Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.

Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialsystemvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?

4.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlementoshow（）.

5.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

問題1選項

A.thedefinitionofmoneymarket

B.theconstitutionofamoneymarket

C.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarket

D.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket

問題2選項

A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomers

B.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfunds

C.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservices

D.ismadeupofinstitutionswhichspecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions

問題3選項

A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.

B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.

C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.

D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.

問題4選項

A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountries

B.dealersareneededindoingbusiness

C.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.

D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.

問題5選項

A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomers

B.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachother

C.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmoment

D.changesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarkettendstomaintainamoneymarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于___________?？梢远ㄎ坏降谝欢?，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段的主要是在描述金融市場的定義The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.（金融市場就是一組用錢和短期信貸進行批發(fā)交易的公共機構(gòu)或組織。）以及金融市場的目的和作用Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices…（其設(shè)立的目的是為了幫助金融機構(gòu)……），所以C選項“金融市場的基本功能”正確。A選項“金融市場的定義”不夠全面，B選項“金融市場的章程”和D選項“金融市場的一般特征”在第一段中均未提及，排除，所以本題的正確答案是C選項。

2.推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)文章，金融市場________。通過第一段第二行的后半句話可知The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.（金融市場就是一組用錢和短期信貸進行批發(fā)交易的公共機構(gòu)或組織。），該句的意思與D項“是由專門處理批發(fā)貨幣交易的機構(gòu)組成的”符合，故D選項正確。A選項“為客戶提供方便的服務(wù)”通過第一段第四句Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers（如果零售商要為他的客戶提供充足的服務(wù)。），可知，為客戶提供服務(wù)的應(yīng)該是零售商，所以A選項不正確，B選項“與尋求資金的個人或公司有密切聯(lián)系”，通過最后一段第一句話Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.（在市場交易中，提供資金和尋求