考研考博-英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Fishingaddsonlyabout1percenttotheglobaleconomy,butonaregionalbasisitcancontributeenormouslytohumansurvival.Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.

Fishingtypicallydoesnotrequirelandownership,andbecauseitremains,ingeneralopentoall,itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.WithinSoutheastAsiaalone,morethanfivemillionpeoplefishfull-time.InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean.InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork.

Althoughdebatesovertheconservationofnaturalresourcesareoftencastasaconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment.MichaelP.SissenwineandAndrewA.RosenbergoftheU.S.NationalMarineFisheriesServicehaveestimatedthatifdepletedspecieswereallowedtorebuildtotheirlong-termpotential,theirsustainableusewouldaddabout$8billiontotheU.S.grossnationalproduct—andprovidesome300,000jobs.Iffishpopulationswererestoredandproperlymanaged,about20millionmetrictonscouldbeaddedtotheworld’sannualcatch.Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.

Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.Foreach$1millionofinvestment,industrial-scalefishingoperationsrequireonlyonetofivepeople,whereassmall-scalefisherieswouldemploybetween60to3,000.Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence.

1.Theanimalsourcewhichsuppliesthemostproteinforhumanbeingis.

2.Paragraph2impliesthat.

3.Intheconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,theauthortakessideswiththosewhoareinfavorof.

4.Thebalancebetweenjobsandtheemploymentcanbekeptif.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhatmakinglessuseofmoderntechnologymay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beef

B.fish

C.pork

D.chicken

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostofmen’semploymentisfromfishing

B.mancanalwaysturntofishingforemployment

C.fortypercentofChileansliveonfishingboatsorships

D.fishinghasbeenthebiggestindustryinNewfoundland

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasingtheannualcatch

B.creatingmorejobs

C.gettinggreaterfiscalprofitability

D.conservingnaturalresources

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fishingcapacityisfurtherincreased

B.fishingjobsarefurtherincreased

C.fewerwell-equippedfishingshipsareused

D.fewerspeciesareallowedtorebuild

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reducepressureonfishpopulations

B.threatentheworld’sannualcatch

C.increasegovernment’sinvestment

D.costtensofthousandsoffishermen’sjobs

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段第二句話Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.“海洋漁業(yè)對(duì)世界蛋白質(zhì)供應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn)超過牛肉、家禽或任何其他動(dòng)物來源。”第二步，綜合理解，這里講的是魚類貢獻(xiàn)的蛋白質(zhì)比其他動(dòng)物來源更多所以這里答案選B選項(xiàng)“魚肉”，

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都是其他動(dòng)物來源，所以不選，這里屬于反向干擾。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一句的最后一個(gè)分句...itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.“……在發(fā)展中國家，這往往是最后的謀生手段——當(dāng)沒有其他選擇的時(shí)候時(shí)的一種職業(yè)”，當(dāng)人們沒有選擇的時(shí)候可以選擇這種職業(yè)，也就是人們總能通過漁業(yè)求生，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“人們總是可以通過捕魚來尋找工作”。

A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人的職業(yè)是捕魚”，定位到第二段第二句Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.“全世界約有2億人以捕魚為生”。全球人口約60億，而漁業(yè)占2億，所以不能說大部分人靠漁業(yè)為生，這里屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“40%的智利人生活在漁船或船只上”，第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean“在智利北部，40%的人口靠海洋為生”。第二步，綜合理解，該句只是說智利40%的人口靠海生活，并不是說40%的人口住在船上，這里屬于曲意理解。

D選項(xiàng)“捕魚一直是紐芬蘭最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)”，第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段最后一句話InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork“在紐芬蘭，大部分就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)來自漁業(yè)或該行業(yè)的服務(wù)——直到20世紀(jì)90年代初鱈魚漁業(yè)的崩潰，導(dǎo)致數(shù)萬人失業(yè)”。第二步綜合理解，鱈魚在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代就已經(jīng)崩潰了，因此紐芬蘭的漁業(yè)早就崩潰了。而題干用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表達(dá)的意思是漁業(yè)現(xiàn)在仍然是紐芬蘭的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，這不符合題意，這里屬于偷換概念。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段第一句話therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment“但魚類數(shù)量的恢復(fù)實(shí)際上會(huì)促進(jìn)就業(yè)?！?，第二步綜合理解，從這里可知作者認(rèn)為保護(hù)資源和就業(yè)之間沒有沖突，保護(hù)了資源就能促進(jìn)就業(yè)，所以作者是支持保護(hù)自然資源的，所以答案選D“保護(hù)自然資源”。

A選項(xiàng)“增加年捕獲量”，定位到第三段最后一句話Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“但是，要恢復(fù)生態(tài)平衡、財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，就需要大幅減少商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。這里作者倡導(dǎo)的是減少捕撈，所以這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能選，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”。見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項(xiàng)“獲得更大的財(cái)政盈利能力”。定位到第三段最后一句話Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“但是，要恢復(fù)生態(tài)平衡、財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，就需要大幅減少商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。這句和題目無關(guān)，所以這里屬于偷梁換柱。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第二句話Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.（政府可以通過減少對(duì)高度機(jī)械化船只的補(bǔ)貼來增加就業(yè)并減少對(duì)魚類種群的壓力）。第二步，綜合理解，上文講到捕魚能力的必要減少并不需要以犧牲就業(yè)為代價(jià)，然后作者提出了這個(gè)主意，減少對(duì)機(jī)械漁船的補(bǔ)貼，所以這里答案選C選項(xiàng)“更少的裝備精良的漁船”。

A選項(xiàng)“捕撈能力進(jìn)一步提高”，定位到第三段最后一句話...fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.“財(cái)政盈利能力和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全將需要大幅度降低商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的能力，以便使野生種群能夠恢復(fù)”。從這里可知捕魚能力應(yīng)該減少而不是增加，所以不選A選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“漁業(yè)工作進(jìn)一步增加”。文章沒有提到工作的增加，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“更少的物種被允許重建”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里講的是枯竭的物種允許其重建，而不是更少的物種恢復(fù)，這里屬于偷換概念。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段最后一句Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence“工業(yè)捕魚本身就威脅著數(shù)千萬小規(guī)模捕撈的漁民，因?yàn)樗麄冑囈陨娴聂~類正在枯竭”。第二步綜合理解，因?yàn)楣I(yè)捕魚導(dǎo)致漁業(yè)資源枯竭，更少的使用工業(yè)漁船也就是現(xiàn)代科技會(huì)讓漁業(yè)恢復(fù)，魚就會(huì)更多，魚類種群的壓力就沒有那么大了，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“減少對(duì)魚類種群的壓力”。

B選項(xiàng)“威脅到世界的年度捕撈”。定位到第四段最后一句Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence“工業(yè)捕魚本身就威脅著數(shù)千萬小規(guī)模捕撈的漁民，因?yàn)樗麄冑囈陨娴聂~類正在枯竭”。文章題干是減少現(xiàn)代科技的使用會(huì)威脅世界的年捕撈量，文章所描述的正是因?yàn)楣I(yè)漁船的使用才造成漁業(yè)資源枯竭的，這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“增加政府投資”。文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“損失了成千上萬漁民的工作”。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第一句話Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.“捕魚能力的必要減少并不需要以犧牲就業(yè)為代價(jià)”，所以D選項(xiàng)不選，這里屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出選項(xiàng)C最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容，試驗(yàn)中一半的高血壓患者在食用低鹽食品時(shí)血壓有所降低，可以推斷出低鹽飲食可以作為治療高血壓患者的一個(gè)方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，充足或者稍微過量的攝入鹽，會(huì)拯救更多的人，而不是只會(huì)害死人，不可能建議所有人群都禁止食用食鹽。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)文章意思，A選項(xiàng)中的理論并未得到證實(shí)，B和D選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。用排除法可知，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Theaudiencewaitedin（

）silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.respect

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respective意為“分別的”；B選項(xiàng)respect意為“尊敬，敬重”動(dòng)詞；C選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)respectable“可敬的”。根據(jù)空格前后判斷，根據(jù)“agedspeaker年老的演講者”，可知C選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”符合語境，句意為：當(dāng)上了年紀(jì)的演講者搜尋筆記尋找他不記得的數(shù)字的時(shí)候，觀眾們都充滿敬意地默默等待。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：“簡(jiǎn)而言之,我們所謂的科學(xué)革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用,而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無所不及?！?/p>

自由和尊嚴(yán)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé),并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很顯然,我們已然摒棄了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及為使女孩們守身如玉而將她們深鎖閨中的農(nóng)業(yè)習(xí)俗。

現(xiàn)在我們被迫從那種以人們之間相互猜忌和敵視為標(biāo)志的關(guān)系躍進(jìn)到一個(gè)人們之間必須相互尊重和理解的世界。

同樣地,語言之所以有價(jià)值是因?yàn)槿藗兂姓J(rèn)它是思維的符號(hào),是人與人之間傳輸思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

5.翻譯題

61.Americanscientistshaveforthefirsttimetakenstemcellsfromhumanembryosthataregeneticcopiesoflivingpeople.Thegoalistocreatebettertreatmentsfordisease.Buttheworkhasraisedethicalconcernsaboutmakinggeneticcopiesorcloning.Cloningahumanbeingisillegalinmorethantwelvestates.Mostscientistshaverejectedit,butsomemedicalresearchersareperformingwhatiscalled“therapeuticcloning”totrytofightdisease.Stillthatmethodisbannedinsevenstates.

62.Onestatewhere“therapeuticcloning”isnotbannedisOregonthatiswhereresearchersatOregonHealth&ScienceUniversityinPortlandwereabletoputhumanDNAintomodifiedhumaneggs:thustheyproducedembryosthatweregeneticallythesameasthepeoplewhohaddonatedtheirDNA.

63.Thestemcellstakenfromtheembryoswhichcanbedevelopedintoanytissueinthebodyarecalled“mastercells”.Scientistshavealreadyknownhowtousechemicalstocausemastercellstodevelopintoanytissueinthebody.

64.Theideaisthatdoctorcouldusetissuecreatedthiswaytoreplacediseasedorgans.Thenewbodytissuewouldbeageneticallymatchofthepersonreceivingitandtherewouldbenodangerthatthepatient’sbodywouldrejectthenewtissuewhichcanhappenwithnormaltransplants.

ThescientistsbelievedthestemcellscouldgivedoctorsanewwaytotreatParkinson’sdisease—adegenerativemovementdisorder.TheybelievetheycouldusethisgeneticmaterialorDNAfromaskincellofsomeonewithParkinson’sdiseasetocreateapersonalizedtreatment.

AltaCharoisabioethicistattheUniversityofWisconsinLawSchool,shebelievesitistoosoontosay,whethertheuseofembryonicstemcellsforpersonalizedmedicinewouldbecomecommon.Scientistscouldinfactfindotherlesscontroversialsourcesofstemcells;however,shesupportstheuseofstemcellstotreatdisease.

65.Shesaid,“Ithinkthatwouldargueforusingthem.Ithinktherearemoralobligationstopeoplewhoarehereamongus,whoaresickandinneed,trans-politicalconcernsandpublicrelations,andperceptionproblemsaroundtheveryearliestfirsttwoorthreedays’worthofdevelopmentofanembryo-likeentity.”

Theresearcheronthecloningofhumanembryostoharveststemcellswaspublishedinthejournal“Cell”.

【答案】61.美國科學(xué)家首次從基因復(fù)制的人體胚胎中提取出干細(xì)胞，其目標(biāo)是為了創(chuàng)造更好的治療辦法。但這項(xiàng)成果引發(fā)了關(guān)于基因復(fù)制或克隆的倫理擔(dān)憂。

62.俄勒岡州是未禁止“治療性克隆”的州之一。該州波特蘭市的俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)的研究人員能夠?qū)⑷祟怐NA植入經(jīng)過改良的人類卵子中，由此制成的人類胚胎和捐助DNA者在遺傳基因上相一致。

63.從胚胎中提取的干細(xì)胞，能夠被培育成任何人體組織，被稱為“萬能細(xì)胞”?？茖W(xué)家們懂得如何利用化學(xué)物質(zhì)使萬能細(xì)胞發(fā)育成任何人體組織。

64.這種想法是醫(yī)生能夠使用這種途徑制成的人體組織來替代病變器官。這種新的人體組織和接受移植者在遺傳基因上相匹配，不會(huì)發(fā)生病人身體抗拒新組織的危險(xiǎn)，而正常移植往往會(huì)存在這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

65.我認(rèn)為利用它會(huì)引發(fā)爭(zhēng)論，我認(rèn)為，對(duì)于我們當(dāng)中的人來說，對(duì)于那些生病和需要幫助的人，對(duì)于跨政治的關(guān)注和公共關(guān)系，以及對(duì)于胚胎樣實(shí)體最初兩三天的發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的認(rèn)知問題，都是有道德義務(wù)的。

6.單選題

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.athiselbow近在手邊，在身邊B.offhishand（getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉）

C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watchingeverymove，可知他不能再犯錯(cuò)的原因是老師在關(guān)注他的一舉一動(dòng)，athiselbow符合語境，也就是說老師就在旁邊，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯(cuò)了：他老師就在他身邊，注視著他的一舉一動(dòng)。

7.單選題

Inherlovetheseais___symbol:tothenarratoritclearlyrepresentseverythingthatisdestructiveinnature,butatothertimesitseemstostandforeverythinginnaturethatisserenelybeautiful.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anenduring

B.anambiguous

C.acoherent

D.adiscrete

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enduring“持久的；能忍受的”；B選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的；凝聚性的；互相耦合的；粘在一起的；共格的”；D選項(xiàng)discrete“離散的，不連續(xù)的”。句意：在她的愛中，海是一個(gè)___象征：對(duì)敘述者來說，它清楚地代表了自然界中所有破壞性的東西，但在其他時(shí)候，它似乎代表了自然界中所有寧靜美麗的東西。本句表達(dá)“海是一個(gè)不明確的象征”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D醫(yī)療打印技術(shù)到中國，我想你還需要細(xì)化一下方案）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要詳細(xì)闡述一下她的建議）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“不考慮她的商業(yè)建議”；C選項(xiàng)“衡量企業(yè)的損益”；D選項(xiàng)“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

9.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itdoesn’tseemtoofferasmuchfreedomasheanticipated.

B.Itisn’tsomotivatingashebelieved.

C.Itisn’tsoenjoyableasheexpected.

D.Itdoesn’tenablehimtoearnasmuchmoneyasheusedto.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees’feelings.

B.Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees’behaviors.

C.Notallofthemknowhowtomotivatetheiremployees.

D.Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Self-awareness.

B.Autonomy.

C.Jobsatisfaction.

D.Money.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients.

B.Thewaytoexploreemployees’interestsandtalents.

C.Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment.

D.Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Howdoyoulikebeingself-employed?

M:Thereareobviousbenefits,[5]thoughIdon’tseemtohavethefreedomIanticipatedasIjustdon’tseemabletodeclineworkoffers.Andworkingalone,therehavebeentimeswhenI’vefoundthatmoneyaloneprovidesinsufficientmotivation.Haveyouexperiencedthesamesinceyoubeganworkingforyourself?

W:Sometimes,yes,unliketherestoftheworkforcewhohavemanagerstopromptmotivationwheneverthey’refeelinglazyorbored,weself-employedworkersperformourjobswithoutamanagertoliftourspirits.There’snoonearoundtoofferpraiseorinitiatecollaboration,noonetomakegreateruseofourinterestsandtalents.

M:That’safact.Noteverymanagerbehaveswithsuchawarenessandcareofcourse,[6]andcertainlynotallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople.Still,havingamanagernearbyatleastindicatesthere’sanopportunity:there’llbedecentenoughtolookoutforyouwhenyourenergyandfocusbegintodeplete.

W:[7]ThemotivatorIvaluemostisautonomy.I’velearnednottosacrificemyprizedautonomybyworkingallhoursoftheday,andbysayingyestoeveryclient’srequest.

M:[7]Yes,IneedtoremindmyselfthatIselectedthislifestylefortheindependence.Idon’tmissaspectsofpermanentfull-timeemploymentIdisliked,suchastheofficepolitics,jobinsecurity,inflexiblehoursandsoon.Iwouldn’tmindabitmoreintheformofpraisethough,praisewhichisontherecord.

W:That’llcomewithtime.Relatednessisinevitablycultivatedviahumaninteraction,engagingwithclients,gettingwrittentestimonyandrecommendations,stayingincontactwithclientsafterwards.Thesearethingsyou’llfindwillcomeinduecourseandprovideyouwithmotivation.

M:You’reright.That’sanareaIdoneedtoputsomemoreeffortinto—[8]buildingcloserrelationshipswiththosewhoengagemyservicesandskills.

5.Whatdoesthemansayabouthislifeofbeingself-employed?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問的是男士對(duì)自己的自主創(chuàng)業(yè)生活的看法。錄音中提及男士似乎并未享受到他所期待的那種自由，因?yàn)樗麤]辦法拒絕工作邀約。由此可知，男士的自主創(chuàng)業(yè)生活并沒有他所期望的那樣自由自在，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“這并不像他所認(rèn)為的那樣能夠調(diào)動(dòng)積極性”，主要是利用motivation設(shè)置干擾，錄音中男士說的是對(duì)于自主創(chuàng)業(yè)來說，有時(shí)候光靠錢并不能給人帶來足夠的動(dòng)力，但并沒有說過他曾認(rèn)為自主創(chuàng)業(yè)能充分調(diào)動(dòng)積極性，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“這不如他所預(yù)期的那樣有趣”和D選項(xiàng)“這使他不能像以前那樣掙那么多錢了”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutmanagers?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是男士對(duì)管理者的看法。錄音中男士提及，不是所有管理者都懂得如何去激勵(lì)員工（notallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople），C選項(xiàng)是對(duì)錄音原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們中很少有人意識(shí)到員工的感受”和B選項(xiàng)“不是所有管理者都在意員工的行為舉止”在錄音中并沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“他們中很少有人贊揚(yáng)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)員工”，錄音中男士提及的是并非所有管理者都知道如何激勵(lì)自己的員工，但并沒有說很少有管理者去贊揚(yáng)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)員工，屬于過度推斷，因此排除。

7.Whatdobothspeakersvaluemostaboutself-employment?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對(duì)于自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，兩位說話者最看重的是什么?在討論自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力或激勵(lì)因素（motivator）時(shí)，女士先表示她最看重自主性（autonomy）。男士接著用Yes表示贊同，因此B選項(xiàng)“自主性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“自我意識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“工作滿足感”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“金錢”只是男士提到的其中一個(gè)因素，女士并未提及，而且男士說只有金錢作為驅(qū)動(dòng)力是不夠的，也就是說他最看重的并非是金錢，因此可排除。

8.Onwhatpointdoesthemanagreewiththewoman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問男士在哪一點(diǎn)上與女士意見一致。錄音的結(jié)尾部分，女士表示，工作中的相互關(guān)系是通過與客戶來往并保持聯(lián)系培養(yǎng)起來的，而這最終會(huì)帶來工作上的動(dòng)力。然后男士說“你說得對(duì)”，并表示要努力與他的服務(wù)對(duì)象建立更密切的關(guān)系，由此可知，雙方一致認(rèn)可與客戶建立密切關(guān)系的重要性，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“挖掘員工興趣和才能的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期全職工作的好處”和D選項(xiàng)“（員工）從管理者那里獲取建議的需求”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

10.單選題

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查語義。前面部分說到“兩者都并非非理性的”，相應(yīng)的空格這部分的修飾詞也應(yīng)選擇否定意義。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用說瘋狂的”。

11.單選題

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assembly“集會(huì)；集合”；B選項(xiàng)session“會(huì)議；（法庭的）開庭；（議會(huì)等的）開會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)conference“會(huì)議；協(xié)商”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的；慣例的”。句意：污染問題，還有其他幾個(gè)問題，將于明年春季代表……再次召開時(shí)討論。根據(jù)前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，做thecongress“代表大會(huì)”的表語。由此可排除D選項(xiàng)。conference為正式用詞，一般指大型會(huì)議，各國之間的協(xié)商、會(huì)談等。assembly多指一個(gè)通常有許多人參加、計(jì)劃好的，為某一特殊目的而召集的會(huì)議。session一般指議會(huì)等召開的正式會(huì)議，也可指法庭之休庭期，會(huì)議之會(huì)期。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞again“再一次”，說明現(xiàn)在的會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束，需要等到下一個(gè)會(huì)期再進(jìn)行討論，insession“會(huì)議期”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對(duì)sufficientgrounds進(jìn)行修飾的定語從句，確定用引導(dǎo)詞which；根據(jù)短語basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項(xiàng)onwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobaseon介詞和語序錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)tobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)tobaseon介詞使用錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Themoreanation’scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lie

B.spot

C.stand

D.locate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。lie“躺，位于”；spot“認(rèn)出，弄臟”；stand“使站立，忍受”；locate“位于，查找…的地點(diǎn)”。句意：一個(gè)國家位于國外的工廠越多，該國記錄的出口就會(huì)越少。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職，他期待一個(gè)新的主要集中于國內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞過去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語。因此后半句為主句,而且主語為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。故選D。

15.翻譯題

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.