高中英語知識講解：Unit+3+Under+the+sea+4+Section+ⅣGrammar含答案

高中英語講義高中英語講義只要堅持夢想早晚會實現(xiàn) 只要堅持夢想早晚會實現(xiàn) 9SectionIVGrammar專項突破語法博新，存加憤I專項突破語法博新，存加憤I煉V.—ing形式的被動式的用法課前自主領悟.（教材P2o）IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn beidgkep叔keep）waiting,soeventhoughIdidn'thavetherightclotheson,Iracedafterhim..（教材P2o）Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattacked（attack）byapackofaboutsixotherkillers..（教材P2o）Beingbadlywounded（wound）,thewhalesoondied..（教材P2i）FromJames'sface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandoned（abandon）byus..（教材P21）...whenweapproachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheld（hold）upinthewaterbyOldTom.一課堂要點精析,考點?v.-ing形式的被動式的形式形式構(gòu)成意義一＞式being+及物動詞的過去分詞與謂語動詞表示的動作同時或在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生的動作完成式havingbeen+及物動詞的過去分詞先于謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的動作?Theproblembeingdiscussedatpresentisofgreatimportancetous.目前正在討論的這個問題對我們來說很重要。Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我非常感激兩年前獲得了去國外學習的機會。6溫?提示(i)系動詞、不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，其主動形式有時可以表達被動意義。Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.植物園里的鮮花散發(fā)著馨香，吸引著游客去欣賞大自然的美。(2)need,want,require,beworth等后跟v.—ing形式表達被動意義。AsfarasI'mconcerned,thebookiswellworthreading.就我個人而言，這本書很值得讀。考點■v.-ing形式的被動式的用法v.—ing形式的被動式在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補足語、狀語。其中，作主語、賓語、表語的v.—ing形式的被動式為動名詞的被動式，作定語、補足語和狀語的 v.—ing形式的被動式為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式。Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork.（作賓語）她堅持被派給最艱苦的工作。IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.（作賓語補足語）昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見一個小女孩正在唱英文歌。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.（作主語）不讓他出去使他非常生氣。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboydisobeyedtheschoolrulesagain.（作狀語）被告知多次了， 這個淘氣的男孩還是又一次違背了學校規(guī)章制度。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbere—openedtovisitorsnextyear.（作定語）正在維修的博物館將從明年重新對游客開放。。溫詈提示v.—ing形式的被動式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)當v.—ing形式的被動式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在v.-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格（整個復合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語時，可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，名詞普通格代替名詞所有格）。Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal. 彳艮高興你能獲得——枚獎牌。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定已經(jīng)做出，下一個問題就是如何制訂一個好的計劃了。考點三過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的區(qū)別過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可表示被動： 過去分詞在表示被動的同時通常還表示完成， 而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式分為完成式和進行式。需要根據(jù)具體情況來判斷。Isawhimtakenawaybythepolice.我看見他被警察帶走了。WhenIgotoffthebus,Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.當我下車的時候，我看到他正被警察帶走。Thestonebridgebuiltabout200yearsagowillbepulleddown.那座約200年前建造的石橋?qū)⒁徊鸪?。Theproblembeingdiscussedishowtomakechildrentakepartinsomeactivitiesindependently.正在討論的問題是如何使孩子們獨立地參與一些活動。?課后跟蹤訓練I單句語法填空Iappreciatedbeinggiven(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.Ioftencan'thelpbeingattracted(attract)bysomenewswhilelookingthroughthewebsite.Theforeignfriendsyoumentionedarelookingforwardtobeingshown(show)aroundournewlybuiltlanguagelab.Everystudentshouldhavehomeworkexamined(examine)onceaday,whichistherulethateverystudentshallobeyinourclass.Havingbeenexplained(explain)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandthetheory.Toavoidbeingaffected(affect),thegirlinsiststhatsheshouldbeseparatedfromherdeskmate,whoisverynaughty.Tasting(taste)goodandsweet,thiskindofapplewassoonsoldoutinthemarket.Written(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.Ourneighborcameclosetobeingkilled(kill)inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.Susan,togetherwithherparents,wasinvited(invite)tothepalacepartylastnight.Injured(injure),hewassenttohospitalatoncebyhisclassmates.Shirleywastiredofthepartyandslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed(notice)LittleAlicedidn'ttellthetruthtohermother,becauseshewasafraidofbeingblamed(blame).I,aswellasyou,couldn'tstandbeingkept(keep)waitingforsolong,becauseIwasalsoverybusyatthattime.Iheardofhisbeingchosen(choose)tobethesalesmanagerofthecompany.n單句改錯WhenIpassedbytheclassroom,IheardaChinesesongsung.在song后力口beingThisproblemisveryimportantandneedsstudiedwithgreatcare.studiedfstudyingTheboywasfrightenedofleftaloneathome,sohefirmlycaughthismother'shand.在of后力口beingHavingaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedtheexcitingbasketballmatch.在asked前力口beenTomyknowledge,exposedtothewindandrainforalongtimemustdoharmtothemachine.

在在exposed前力口being出語法與寫作.這些天學校正在開展很多藝術(shù)活動，大部分同學都積極參與其中。Therearemanyartactivitiesbeingcarriedoutatschoolthesedays,andmoststudentsareactivelyinvolvedinthem..在那個公園散步的時候，我們看見工人們正在河上建一座橋。Whilewewerewalkinginthepark,wesawabridgebeingbulitbyworkersovertheriver..每個人都有受教育的權(quán)利，所以作為一名家長，你應該讓你兒子繼續(xù)他的學業(yè)。Everyonehastherightofbeingeducated,soasaparentyoushouldletyoursoncontinuehisstudies..沒有得到老師的表揚，我感到很不高興。Nothavingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,Ifeltveryunhappy..被校體操隊錄取后，貝蒂非常興奮。Afterbeingadmittedintotheschoolgymnasticteam,Bettyfeltveryexcited..工人們無法忍受被這樣對待，于是他們計劃為改善工作條件而舉行罷工。Theworkerscouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.Asaconsequence,theyplannedtogoonstrikeforbetterworkingconditions.知能演練，輕松闖關(guān)知能演練，輕松闖關(guān)課時作業(yè),I單句語法填空Inordertoavoidbeing_seen(see)bytheEnglishteacher,Williamwalkedintotheclassroombythebackdoor.Mybrotherisgoodatplayingfootballandhedreamsofbeingadmitted(admit)tothenationalfootballteamoneday.Beingmade(make)funofbyhisclassmatesforhisdisabilitieswhenhewasakidmadeHenryunwillingtospeaktoothers.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated(cheat).Inrecentyearsthegovernmenthastakenmanymeasurestostoptheenvironmentbeingpolluted(pollute)andtherefore,theairqualityimprovesalot.Havingbeentold(tell)manytimesabouttheharmofsmoking,myhusbanddecidedtoquitit.Havingbeenpraised(praise)forhisperformanceintheEnglishclass,ZhangHuafeltmoreconfident.Inthepast,allmemberswere__allowed(allow)tobringthreeguestspermonthatno

charge.Mydaughtertidiedherdesktonightwithoutbeingasked(ask)todoitagainandagain.Thehigh-speedrailwaybeingconstructed(construct)atpresentwillbecompletedattheendof2021.Robertwasfrightenedofbeingfired(fire)byhisboss,becausehemadeabigmistake.Seeingmydeskmatebeingawarded(award)aprizeonthestage,Icouldn'thelpapplaudinghim.n閱讀理解Scientificexperimentshaveshownagainandagainthatoctopuses(章魚)areprettysmart.Theylearnquickly,cansolvepuzzlesandremembersolutions.Butthebigquestioniswhy?Thereareseveralreasonswhyoctopusintelligenceisamysterytomanybiologists.Firstly,biologistsbelievethatintelligentanimalssuchaschimpanzees(黑猩猩)anddolphinsdeveloplargecomplexbrainsbecausetheyliveincomplexsocialgroupsandneedtounderstandeachother.Octopuseslivealone.Secondly,otherintelligentanimalshavelongchildhoodswhentheycanlearnfromtheirparents.Suchanimalsalsogenerallyliveforquitealongtime,sohavingabigbrainisagoodinvestment.Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.Whydoesthisanimalneedsuchalargebrain?Finally,octopusesarecousinstosnails,oystersandmussels—quiteprimitive(原始的)animals,whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalsdid.Generally,biologistsbelievethatintelligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution(進化).Withtheirbigbrains,octopusesdon'tseemtofitthistheoryatall.Theyalmostseemtobealiens,astrangemysteryoftheanimalworld.It'seasytounderstandwhyinHawaiianfolklore,peoplethoughtthattheoctopuswasactuallythelastsurvivorofalostuniverse.Onetheorysuggeststhatoctopusesandhumansperhapshavealotincommon.Likeearlyhumans,octopusesarephysicallymuchweakerthantheirpredators.Theyhavesoft,naked(裸露的)bodiesandtheycan'tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.Thisiswhyoctopusesspendmuchoftheirtimehidingbetweenrocksorinholes,justashumanslearnedtomaketheirhomesincaves.Octopuseshavealsolearnedsomeveryeffectivetechniquesforhuntingforfoodandthismeansthatanoctopusspendsverylittleofitstime(onaveragejustsevenpercent)lookingforfood.Butwhatdotheythinkaboutastheyhideawayintheirholes?Perhapsthecruelturnsofevolution,whichhaveleftthemwithlarge,playfulbrainsbutlivingaloneinthedarkatthebottomoftheocean...【解題導語】 本文是一篇議論文。文章對章魚為何如此聰明進行了探討。Whichofthefollowingaboutoctopuseshasbeenconfirmed?A.Theyhaveapoormemory.Theypreferlivingingroups.Theyusuallyhaveashortlife.Theylearnalotfromtheirparents.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.可知，章魚的壽命不長，只能活半年到一年的時間。Whyareoctopuseslikealiens?A.Theycomefromadifferentuniverse.Theyhaveaverystrangeappearance.Theyarethemostintelligentcreaturesunderthesea.Theydon'tclearlybelonginthepatternofevolution.D解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的 octopusesare...primitive（原始的）animals,whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalselligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution（進化）可知，章魚作為一種比哺乳動物出現(xiàn)早幾百萬年的原始生物， 擁有大的腦容量并如此聰明，這很明顯不符合生命演化的過程，因此被看作是外來生物。Whatdoestheunderlinedword “predators“ inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Cousins. B.Enemies.C.Partners. D.Parents.B解析：詞義猜測題。由最后一段中的Theyhavesoft,naked（裸露的）bodiesandtheycan'tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.可知，章魚是——種軟體動物,體力弱，沒有捕殺它們的天敵游得快。出完形填空MydaughterwasinGrade10athighschool.Shehadbeen__1__dyslexia（誦讀困難）.Despiteourgreateffortsto__2__herofhermanyother__3__,shethoughtshemustbedumb.Anysuggestionsthatsheattendspecialeducationclasseswere__4__because,inherestimation,thatwould__5__thatshewasdumb.Shebattledherworkathighschool.Whenitcametoexaminations,shewould__6__withthequestions,thuscausingproblemsinwritinganswers.Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodherdyslexia,__7__offeredtoreadthequestionsforher.Thenwhatwastheresult?Shegota__8__unheard-ofBformath.The__9__ofonethoughtfulteacherhadhelpedherenjoylifetothefull,andshecouldnowstartto__10__herselfandherabilities,finally__11__thinkingshewasdumb.Without__12 andthankingthemathteacher,Iwouldnotallowthiswonderfuleventto.Iphonedtheschoolaskingtospeaktohim,butreceivedaveryguarded"why?"fromthereceptionist.The__14inhervoicewasobviouswhenIreplied,“Ijustwanttoexpressmytohim. “'Oh...ofcourse…justamomentsherespondedandgotthecallthroughtotheteachers'commonroom.Theteachercameonthelinewiththesamesenseof6.Itoldhim,“Ijustwanttothankyouforreadingthequestionstomydaughterforhermathexam.NotonlydidshegetaB,butyouhavenoideaofthe17impactyourbehaviorhashadonmydaughter'sesf-beliefandhopesforherfuture.Mywife,mydaughterandIallsincerelythankyou.Mydaughter"s18withdyslexiacontinuestothisday.19,sheisnowanexperiencedandfully-qualifiedFamilyandYouthCareworker.Withself-confidence,shehashelpedandcontinuestohelpmanypeopleinher__20__lifeandishappilymarriedandnowhasfourchildren.【解題導語】 本文是一篇記敘文。 作者的女兒自小患有誦讀困難癥， 后來因一位老師的幫助，重新找回了自信，并且長大后又繼續(xù)幫助他人。A.knockinginto B.livingonC.sufferingfrom D.throwingoffC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者上10年級的女兒一直患有誦讀困難癥。A.warn B. approveC.convince D. informC解析：作者努力說服女兒相信她還有很多其他才能。A.chances B. talentsC.hopes D. effortsB解析：盡管作者努力說服女兒相信她還有很多其他才能， 但女兒始終認為自己愚笨。A.adopted B. refusedC.noted D. consideredB解析：任何上特殊學校教育課程的建議都遭到女兒的拒絕。A.confirm B. expectC.suspect D. noticeA解析：女兒認為上特殊學校教育課程會證實自己是愚笨的。A.communicate B. struggleC.complain D. playB解析：患有誦讀困難的女兒在考試時會有讀題的麻煩。A.impolitely B. impatientlyC.unwillingly D. unexpectedlyD解析：在考試中，女兒的數(shù)學老師似乎是唯一一個理解女兒有誦讀困難癥的老師，很意外地幫女兒讀了題。A.previously B. particularlyC.normally D. clearlyA解析：作者女兒在這次考試中得了 B,這是前所未有的。A.company B. comfortC.action D. adviceC解析：老師的行為對女兒幫助很大，女兒開始享受生活。A.believein B.seekforC.longfor D.holdinA解析：女兒變得自信起來，開始相信自己的能力。A.enjoying B.continuingC.beginning D. stoppingD解析：女兒變得自信后不再認為自己是愚笨的。A.contacting B. knowingC.seeing D. praisingA解析：老師對女兒的幫助影響很大，作者想要聯(lián)系老師，表示感謝。A.letout B. gobyC.gothrough D.letdownB解析：作者不想讓這件事就這么過去，一定要向老師道謝。A.surprise B.excitementC.disappointment D.sadnessA解析：根據(jù)上文averyguarded"why?"可推知，傳達員對作者的電話感到驚訝。A.doubt B. fearC.appreciation D. ideaC解析：作者解釋自己打電話的意圖，是要向老師致謝。A.caution B. stressC.humor D. satisfactionA解析：老師跟傳達員一樣在接到陌生電話時也是謹慎小心的。A.attractive B. objectiveC.serious D. positiveD解析：作者告訴老師，他的行為對女兒的自信及對未來的希望都有很積極的影響。A.study B. puzzleC.fight D. painC解析：女兒仍然在與誦讀困難癥頑強抗爭。A.Otherwise B. HoweverC.Moreover D. ThereforeB解析：雖然患有誦讀困難癥，女兒卻最終成為關(guān)愛中心一位合格的有經(jīng)驗的員工。A.potential B. professionalC.peaceful D. practicalB解析：女兒現(xiàn)在不僅自己變得自信樂觀，而且在她的職業(yè)生涯中還幫助了很多人。W語法填空Amalemakoshark(灰鰭鯊),1.(name)Hell's,Btiaveledadistanceofhalftheglobe,or13,000miles,inlessthantwoyears.Accordingtoresearchers,itisthelongesttrackrecordedintheAtlanticOceanbyataggedmakoshark.Thescientistsbeganmonitoringthesharkin2015.Inthefirstyear,hetravelednorthalongtheeastcoastoftheUSbefore2.(return)tothetaggingsiteoffthecoastofOceanCity,Maryland.In2016,thesharkmadeseveralround-tripjourneysthroughouttheAtlantic,travellingea