虛擬語氣Grammar課件

人教課標高二選修6

Unit1Unit1Art虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood(I)11/6/2022語氣的分類陳述語氣祈使語氣虛擬語氣3.虛擬語氣：表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測或建議。主要用在if條件狀語從句中，也可用在主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句中。1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設,條件

狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)”,

而主句中的謂語動詞“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。虛擬語氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensivecar.

IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappen(2).與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞,構成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.IfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.a.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe二.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1.在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:

從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:從句動詞形式為“

would＋動詞原形”。注意:主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。但愿你立刻來。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。常見動詞：

一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即:insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。e.g.我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。WesuggestedthatTom(should)have

arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)send

themtoworkthere.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.她堅持認為自己是對的。（堅持事實）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+v.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時省略if的條件句，含蓄條件句，錯綜時間條件句(1)省略if的條件句虛擬條件句有時可以省略if,但省略if后，從句中的主謂要倒裝，將were，had，should等移至主語前。否定詞not留在主語后。e.g.1)IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.

—WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.2)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.—Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.

虛擬語氣的倒裝IfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._________visitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadIShouldwe

_________beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow，weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive

_________beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow，weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive(2)__________formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A)Notbeing B)HaditnotbeenC)Withoutbeing

D)NothavingbeenB(2).含蓄條件句

由介詞butfor/without(要不是),with(有),連詞or,otherwise以及suppose，supposing等詞表示虛擬的條件，如：

Butfor/Without

thehelpofthePLAmen,manypeoplewouldn’thavebeensaved

fromtheearthquake.

With

yourhelp,I

mightfinishitearlier.Hetelephonedtotellmethedateofthemeeting,

or/

otherwise

I

wouldhavemissed

it.

Suppose

youwereinmyshoes,what

would

you

do?

butfor/without=ifitwerenotfor=ifithadnotbeenforIfitwerenotforthefactthatIfeelsick,Iwouldgowithyou.

(1)Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe___________him．A)wouldhavetelephoned B)musthavetelephonedC)wouldtelephone D)hadtelephonedA(2)Somewomen___________agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome，buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

A)mustmake B)shouldhavemade

C)wouldmake D)couldhavemadeB(3).錯綜時間虛擬條件句如果從句跟主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，各自的謂語動詞形式應視情況而定。1如果他聽了我的勸告,他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.

2假如昨天我對他說了,現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknow

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.

Ifyou

hadfollowed

hisadvice,you_________(be)insuchtroublenow.（從句說明過去，主句now說明現(xiàn)在）

IfI

were

you,I__________________(do)thefoolishthingthen.

(從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指過去)wouldn’t

bewouldn’t

have

done

IfIhadn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_____________now.A)wouldn'tbesmiling B)couldn'thavesmiledC)won'tsmile D)didn'tsmileA（2011北京卷）MaybeifI___science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudiedD.wasstudyingIfwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken（2011福建卷）34.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended（2010天津）.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold關于虛擬語氣辯析1關于虛擬語氣辯析2關于虛擬語氣辯析3關于虛擬語氣辯析4關于虛擬語氣辯析5根據(jù)語境或括號內(nèi)的提示，用虛擬語氣完成下列對話。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________shestudiedenough,she’dgetgoodgrades.yousleptenough,you’dfeelenergetic.3.A:IwonderwhyAlanmakessomanymistakes.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustbecareless.