考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古體育職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古體育職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Eventoday,whenairandroadtravelhasmadeAfricasoreadilyaccessibletoEuropeansandAmericans,thereareinnumerableaspectsofAfricanlifewhichtendtotakeonebysurprise.Theunfamiliarlieshiddeneverywhere,andthepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity.Basically,theessenceofourreac?tiontothestrange,theunfamiliar,isasenseoffear.Everycountrycontainslandscapesthatarouseunease—whetheritbesomeremoteAlpinevalley,thewildlavenderfieldsofUpperProvince,oralonelyNorwegianfjordattwilight.ButinmyownexperienceWestAfricacontainsmoreweirdandeerieregions—rain-forest,mangroveswamp,parchedplainsofredearth—thananyotherplacethatIhaveseen.Itisnotonlyintheforeignerthattheselandscapesevokefear.AlargepartofalloldAfricanreligionsisdevotedtosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspiritswhichliveinaparticulartreeoraparticularrock,athousandvarietiesofghostsandwitches,theever-presentspiritsofdeadancestorsorrelatives.IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagoswhowascon?vincedthatthewitchesoftheeastwereouttogethim,orthathewasabouttobekidnappedandeaten.DuringfourandahalfhoursinacanoealongthecreeksoftheNigerdella,glidingoverthestillandcolorlesswaterbeneathanequallystillandcolorlessbutburningsky,I,too,haveexperiencedasenseoffear,oratleastasenseofawe.Ex?ceptforthetickingofthelittleoutboardenginethesilencewascomplete.Oneitherhandstretchedthesilver-whiteswampsofmangrove,seeming,withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.Wherethecreeknarrowedyoucouldpeerdeepintothesethicketsofmangroves—vistassecret,interminableandsomehowmeaningless.Therewasnosignoflifeexceptfortheshrillscreechofsomeunseenbird.

IwasonmywaytotheancientslavingportofBonny,whichwereachedinlateafternoon.Scramblingupsomederelictstonesteps(slitherywithslimeandwhichhadmanagedtodetachthemselvesfromthelanding-stagesothatyouhadtojumpatwo-footgaptoreachwetland),1foundmyselfinanareaofblackmudandtumbledblocksofstone.

1.TherearefeaturesofWesternculturewhicharepresentinWestAfrica（）.

2.AlotoftheoldAfricanreligionhastodowith（）

3.Theauthorwaskeptawakeby（）.

4.“Mangrove”means（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThisfactmakesiteasiertoaccepttheunfamiliarityofWestAfrica,

B.ThisfactmakesWestAfricaseemevenstranger.

C.ThisfactmakesnodifferencetoourreactiontoWestAfrica.

D.Thisfacthasbeengreatlyoveremphasized.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.kidnappingpeople

B.keepingthespiritsawake

C.humansacrifice

D.keepingthespiritshappy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aghost

B.hisfriend

C.thewitches

D.eeriefeelings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asortofbird

B.asortofman

C.asortoftree

D.asortofanimal

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“thepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity”，推斷出西非文化似乎表現(xiàn)出得更加陌生，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段第七句，“tosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspirits”，可推斷一些宗教是為了撫慰那些未知的死去的靈魂。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段，“IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagos”，可推斷我是因?yàn)榕笥讯荒苋胨＿x項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第一段，“withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.”句意：它們的根暴露出來(lái)，站立在齊膝深的水中。可推斷出mangrove應(yīng)該是一種樹(shù)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Itisapopular______thatmoneyalwaysbringshappiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallacy

B.creed

C.moral

D.allegory

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fallacy“謬論，謬誤”，B項(xiàng)creed“信條，教義”，C項(xiàng)moral“道德，寓意”，D項(xiàng)allegory“寓言”。根據(jù)句子可知空格處要填入一個(gè)名詞作表語(yǔ)，且后面的that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)對(duì)空格處補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；根據(jù)that從句的意思“金錢(qián)總能帶來(lái)幸?！笨芍?，空格部分填入fallacy符合語(yǔ)境。句意：認(rèn)為金錢(qián)總能帶來(lái)幸福是一種流行的謬論。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敵人”；rival“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”；opponent“反對(duì)者”。句意：雖然他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)球賽場(chǎng)上是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，但是他們私底下是好朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.

1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speakforthemajority

B.initiateaveto

C.criticizethegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.friendly

C.supportive

D.hostile

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestoday

B.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeath

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportance

D.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenalty

B.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

C.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

D.executionsandmurders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據(jù)下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價(jià)值，認(rèn)為死刑是對(duì)謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認(rèn)為死刑沒(méi)有多大的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的證據(jù)證明死刑的實(shí)施減少了謀殺的數(shù)量。又根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認(rèn)為死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價(jià)值作辯護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過(guò)社會(huì)隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為要根據(jù)謀殺程度來(lái)選擇死刑。所以作者對(duì)那些主張對(duì)所有人判處死刑的人的反應(yīng)很可能是否定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命）應(yīng)該僅僅被社會(huì)隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺的罪犯不應(yīng)該僅僅被隔離，而是應(yīng)該被處以死刑?？膳袛喑龅诙悮⑷朔笐?yīng)該被處以死刑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結(jié)論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實(shí)施的結(jié)果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實(shí)制止了許多謀殺的念頭?？膳袛喑鲎髡呦胍懻摰氖撬佬痰膶?shí)施和謀殺率的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。縱觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)“死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過(guò)論述和實(shí)例證明，死刑的實(shí)施確實(shí)有助于抑制謀殺率?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔?duì)于實(shí)施死刑的態(tài)度是支持的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.much

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.love

B.emotion

C.fancy

D.passion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pondered

B.enquired

C.asked

D.thought

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.activity

B.adventure

C.excitement

D.danger

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.they

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.original

B.basic

C.clear

D.lonely

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.still

C.even

D.but

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.one

B.they

C.us

D.we

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.inscribe

B.compose

C.cut

D.write

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.horizontal

B.vertical

C.painless

D.motionless

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)very表示“非常，很；完全”；B選項(xiàng)such表示“這樣的，如此的”；C選項(xiàng)so表示“如此，這么；確是如此”；D選項(xiàng)much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出現(xiàn)了unexpectedlyalone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤獨(dú)的；獨(dú)居的）再次提及“孤獨(dú)”，因此空格處應(yīng)表示“如此的，這樣的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，這樣的”。so是副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞；而such是形容詞，修飾名詞。二者后面都接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但用法不同。so的用法為：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法為：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，則只能用such，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知這種感覺(jué)應(yīng)宛如“墜入愛(ài)河”一般美好，故可構(gòu)成“fallinlove墜入愛(ài)河”的A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)emotion表示“情感；情緒”；C選項(xiàng)fancy表示“幻想；想象力；愛(ài)好”；D選項(xiàng)passion表示“激情；熱情”。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空缺前“Whathadhebeenafraidof”可知，這是作者反問(wèn)自己，故C選項(xiàng)ask符合句意。A選項(xiàng)ponder表示“仔細(xì)考慮；思考；衡量”；B選項(xiàng)enquire表示“詢問(wèn)；打聽(tīng)；調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)think表示“想；認(rèn)為；想起”。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)activity表示“活動(dòng)；行動(dòng)；活躍”；B選項(xiàng)adventure表示“冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)精祌；投機(jī)活動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)excitement表示“興奮；刺激；令人興奮的事物”；D選項(xiàng)danger表示“危險(xiǎn)；危險(xiǎn)物；威脅”。根據(jù)空格前havingtakentheplunge（在冒險(xiǎn)嘗試后）可知，他現(xiàn)在是在冒險(xiǎn)，故B選項(xiàng)“冒險(xiǎn)”符合句意。

5.考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？杖碧幖爸蟮腸anseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeye屬于空缺前anyone的后置定語(yǔ)從句。因此，空缺處應(yīng)為可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞，故A項(xiàng)who正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)original表示“最初的；開(kāi)始的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；新穎的”；B選項(xiàng)basic表示“基本的；基礎(chǔ)的”；C選項(xiàng)clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；無(wú)罪的”；D選項(xiàng)lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seemstartinglyoriginal以及后文中的Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?可知，如果旁邊有別人，我們會(huì)急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本題正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)although表示“盡管；雖然；但是；然而”；B選項(xiàng)still表示“仍然；但是；盡管如此”；C選項(xiàng)even表示“甚至；即使”；D選項(xiàng)but表示“但是；然而”。根據(jù)句意可知，空缺處后的lover應(yīng)為空缺前others的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，故C選項(xiàng)“even”符合語(yǔ)境，因此本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.考查邏輯關(guān)系。And連接兩個(gè)并列部分，由空缺前“whateverweare”可知，后文應(yīng)為“whateverwefeel”，故D項(xiàng)we正確。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)inscribe表示“題獻(xiàn)；銘記;雕”；B選項(xiàng)compose表示“構(gòu)成；創(chuàng)作，排版；使平靜”；C選項(xiàng)cut表示“切割；剪短；釋放”；D選項(xiàng)write表示“書(shū)寫(xiě)；寫(xiě)信給；著述”。由空缺后afewpages可知，D選項(xiàng)write符合句意，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)horizontal表示“水平的；地平線的；同一階層的”；B選項(xiàng)vertical表示“垂直的；頂點(diǎn)的；縱向的”；C選項(xiàng)painless表示“無(wú)痛的；不痛的”；D選項(xiàng)motionless表示“靜止的；不運(yùn)動(dòng)的”。由空缺前l(fā)iedown以及thinkbetter可知，躺著的時(shí)候可以更好地思考，故A項(xiàng)horizontal符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifyouhavefreechoicetochoosethecarsavailabletoday

B.Ifyouarefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

C.Ifallcarsavailablewasfreetobechosenbyyou

D.Ifyouwerefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)題干主句Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy，得知if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)形式是would+動(dòng)詞原形，句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。If條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were而不用was)，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽車中自由選擇，你會(huì)買(mǎi)什么類型的汽車？因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT（

）.

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，但是因?yàn)閷?shí)地測(cè)量受到巖石裸露、可到達(dá)程度以及人力資源的限制，所以這一地質(zhì)圖必須進(jìn)行分析。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地圖的數(shù)據(jù)是來(lái)源于實(shí)地觀察的不完整地?cái)?shù)據(jù)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來(lái)的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)‘1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開(kāi)始利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過(guò)用機(jī)械手段對(duì)一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理，如可見(jiàn)光譜外光波的反射，無(wú)線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定C選項(xiàng)‘地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化’正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.相對(duì)于其它的攝影成像，數(shù)字成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是明顯的，產(chǎn)生的數(shù)字化數(shù)據(jù)可以被精確地理解，并且不會(huì)受到難以控制的化學(xué)過(guò)程的不規(guī)則性的影響。確定C選項(xiàng)‘必須經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)過(guò)程’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段：Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡知地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可，但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度，能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。確定B選項(xiàng)‘指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

6.根據(jù)文章第一段：Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth'sgeologicfeatures.在20世紀(jì)中葉之前，對(duì)膠片的解釋是對(duì)地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像，利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)‘出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第三段：Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.：區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。所以C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。用排除法確定D選項(xiàng)‘Landsat衛(wèi)星掃描儀有特殊限制‘文中未提及，符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements...地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。確定A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察生實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量’正確。

8.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regime“政權(quán)；政體；社會(huì)制度；管理體制”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽(yù)”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢(shì)”；D選項(xiàng)legislature“立法機(jī)關(guān)；立法機(jī)構(gòu)”。句意：在一個(gè)給予那些有進(jìn)取心且相當(dāng)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人很多聲譽(yù)的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無(wú)用且不被該社會(huì)所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Themanagerthinksitadvisablethatsomeadjustment（）withoutdelay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aremade

B.made

C.bemade

D.willbemade

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中有advisable時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(shoulD.+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：經(jīng)理認(rèn)為一些調(diào)整應(yīng)該馬上進(jìn)行，刻不容緩。

10.單選題

Ifwe______ourdifferencefactions,thentogetherwecangainthemajorityinthelegislature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

/r