考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京森林警察學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京森林警察學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：太陽(yáng)不僅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由氣體物質(zhì)組成。根據(jù)題目和選項(xiàng)確定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒裝，notonly放在句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為notonly+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他，C選項(xiàng)isthesun選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺(jué)；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測(cè)”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱(chēng)”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開(kāi)拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過(guò)的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assign表示“分配；指派”，B選項(xiàng)tackle表示“應(yīng)付，著手處理”，C選項(xiàng)realize表示“意識(shí)到”，D選項(xiàng)solve表示“解決（問(wèn)題、難題等）”。由句意可知，計(jì)算機(jī)可以編程，解決各種各樣的任務(wù)。因此，只有B選項(xiàng)可以搭配賓語(yǔ)task，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻譯為：這種不斷增加的損失已讓政府和企業(yè)為開(kāi)發(fā)與災(zāi)難預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)的技術(shù)提供了更多的資金，且已帶來(lái)對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多資金去支持預(yù)測(cè)研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻譯為：例如，在1992年安德魯颶風(fēng)發(fā)生前，很多保險(xiǎn)公司專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為工業(yè)可能的最嚴(yán)重?fù)p失將至多80億美元。而安德魯颶風(fēng)所造成的被估計(jì)大約為170億美元的損失卻打破了這些看法?？赏茢喑鯟項(xiàng)“90億美元”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻譯為：這種期望是，產(chǎn)生的消息將讓該行業(yè)（即保險(xiǎn)業(yè)）有更可靠的基礎(chǔ)去決策未來(lái)災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“公司可能因此對(duì)未來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有更好的了解”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明了……可以判斷出該單詞為“海嘯”，因此B項(xiàng)“一系列巨大且破壞性的波浪，通常是海底大地震導(dǎo)致的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明，有效利用災(zāi)害預(yù)測(cè)不僅需要先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，而且需要社會(huì)考慮預(yù)測(cè)的整個(gè)過(guò)程——預(yù)測(cè)、通信和信息的使用?？芍鸢笧镈“應(yīng)該改進(jìn)技術(shù)，考慮預(yù)測(cè)的三個(gè)階段”。

5.單選題

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C選項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)convincing“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：可以想象，這位州長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)真正的解決預(yù)算困境的辦法，但她可能會(huì)被誘導(dǎo)去搞一場(chǎng)騙局：一個(gè)_______的財(cái)政審慎行動(dòng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”搭配deception“騙局”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實(shí)施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過(guò)調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

7.單選題

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。impetuous“性急的，魯莽的”；impertinent“無(wú)關(guān)的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)模幌喔傻摹?；imperative“必要的，緊急的，極重要的”；imperceptible“察覺(jué)不出的，感覺(jué)不到的”。句意：我鄰居傾向于用一種激烈、魯莽的方式做出反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Seniorgovernmentfigures（）inthecover-up.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveacquired

B.musthaveacquiesced

C.mighthavedone

D.willhaverequired

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府高級(jí)官員必然已經(jīng)默許掩蓋真相。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞與in搭配，后面接賓語(yǔ)cover-up(掩蓋，掩飾)。Acquiesceinsth.默然接受…；默許；順從。

9.單選題

()thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthecommitteehasdecided

B.Itisonlythecommitteehasdecided

C.Itiswhatthecommitteehasdecided

D.Itiswhathasthecommitteedecided

【答案】C

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)whatthecommitteehasdecided。句意：委員會(huì)的決定應(yīng)該優(yōu)先執(zhí)行。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout（）byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failure

B.hesitation

C.trouble

D.fail

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail為固定搭配,表示“必定,務(wù)必”。句意為:你必須在明天早上十點(diǎn)之前把年度報(bào)告交給我。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

11.單選題

Thereisno（）inapplyingforthatjobasyouarenotproperlyqualified.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.point

C.result

D.chance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)reason“理由”；B選項(xiàng)point“要點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”；D選項(xiàng)chance“機(jī)會(huì)”。句意：申請(qǐng)那份工作是沒(méi)有……的，因?yàn)槟悴粔蛸Y格。根據(jù)Thereisnopoint“沒(méi)有必要的”，結(jié)合句意可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

WhenIwasalittlegirl,lovedformymomtotellmestoriesaboutherself.Nomatterhowtiredshewas,sheneveradumbratedthem.Shewouldfillthemwithminutestdetails,andtheywerealwaysfascinating.Myfavoritestorywastheoneabouthowmymommetmydad:“Iwas17-years-old,butIalreadyknewthekindofmanIwouldmarry.Hewouldnotbetoogarrulous.Itellyou,Rosa,it’simportantforamantotaketimetolistentowhatyouhavetosay,andneverimpertinent.Politenessisagoodtrait.”

“Well,I’msupposedtobetellingyouaboutthedayImetyourdaddy,right?Okay,soIwasridingtheAmtraktrainbetweenProvidenceandPhiladelphiaduringmyfreshmanyearatBrown,andthedoorattheendofmycarrattledopen.Hewastallandswarthy.Heworeathickivorycableknitsweaterwithagraywoolscarfwrappedfirmlyaroundhisneck.Icouldn’ttellwhathisheritagewasandthatintriguedme.WhatwasheIndian,Portuguese,Peruvian?”MomwouldpausehereandIwouldshout“CapeVerdean!”She’dcontinue.“Well,ifIhadbeenshyImighthavejustlookedoutthetrainwindow.ButthenwherewouldIbenow?Youwouldn’tevenbehere!SoIletmyeyeslockwithhisashewobbleddownthemovingtrain.”

“Hesmiledaslightsmile,notabigone.Hiseyesraisedjustenoughtoletmeknowhehadsportedmetoo.”Ialwayslovedthislineandwouldsmileattheimageofmydadstumblingdownthetrainandthennoticingmyradiantmom.“SoRosa,oncewespottedeachother,yourdadfoundinfinitereasonstowalkpastmetogotothecafecar.Iwassittingbymyselfalongtheaisle.Sofinally,Ijustslidovertothewindow,leavingtheseatnexttomeempty.Yourdadcamebackwithtwocupsofhotcocoaandsatdownwithasmile.Andwehadthemostdelightfulconversation!”

“Icouldtellrightthenthatthiswasnoephemeralcrushthiswastherealdeal.Iwasgoingtoenduplovingthismanforever.”HerecomesthepartIlovedbestaboutthestory.“WepullintothetrainstationinPhiladelphia,andit’stimeformetogetoff.HewasheadingontoWashingtonwherehewasgoingtoschool.IpreparedmyselfforsomehackneyedexpressionasIgotoffthetrain.Youknow,greatmeetingyou,oryou’retheappleofmyeye.Ialsoworriedhemighttrytosneakasmooch.Whichwouldhavebeenabigturnoff.We’djustmet!Instead,hetookmyhandgentlyandgaveitalittlesqueeze.Hesaid,4Ifit’sthethoughtthatcounts,consideryourselfkissed.”

Mamasaidshejustaboutdiedwhenhesaidthat!Thenshesaidtoherself,“Thatmanwillbemyhusband.”Andsoheis.

1.Asusedinthispassage,whichisthebestantonymfor“adumbrated”(Para.1)?

2.WhymighttheauthorhavechosenRosaasthenarratoreventhoughitishermotherwhoistellingthemainstory?

3.Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?(“Well.IfIhadbeenshy,...themovingtrain.’’)

4.Whichisthebestantonymfor“hackneyed”(Para.4)?

5.WhatmayRosa’smombemeaningtoconveytoherchildbytellingthisstoiy?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Invented

B.lengthened

C.understated

D.simplified

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TomakethereaderlearnthestoryfromRosa’sperspective.

B.Tomakeitclearthatthestoryhappenedalongtimeago.

C.TomakeitclearthatRosa’smotherhaspassedaway.

D.Tomakethestoryseemmorestraightforward.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assoonastheylockedeyestheyfellinlove.

B.Itisbesttobeoutspokeninallcircumstances.

C.Rosareallywantedtojustlookoutthewindow.

D.Aslightchangecouldhavegreatlyalteredherlife.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.happy

B.humorous

C.original

D.over-used

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theadviceonwhattolookforinapartner

B.Theyearningtogobacktothattimeandplace

C.Theideathateducationshouldcomebeforemarriage

D.ThesuggestionthatRosamightfindherhusbandonatrain.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.“adumbrated”本意為‘預(yù)示；畫(huà)...的輪廓’。A‘Invented’意為‘發(fā)明的’；B‘lengthened’意為‘加長(zhǎng)的，詳細(xì)的’；C‘understated’意為‘理解的’；D‘simplified’意為‘簡(jiǎn)單化的’。根據(jù)“Nomatterhowtiredshewas,sheneveradumbratedthem.Shewouldfillthemwithminutestdetails無(wú)論她多累，她從不只講故事大概，而是詳細(xì)地講述，本題要求選與“adumbrated”詞義相反的詞，所以B選項(xiàng)‘lengthened’符合題意，正確。

2.本文是選擇Rosa來(lái)敘述自己媽媽與自己爸爸邂逅相愛(ài)的故事，全文以Rosa敘述故事，正是要讓讀者從她的角度了解故事如何發(fā)展；而B(niǎo)和C選項(xiàng)很明顯不符合文意，D選項(xiàng)“讓故事看起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)單明了”的方式應(yīng)該是以Rosa媽媽第一人稱(chēng)視角講述更為直觀。

3.根據(jù)句意“Well.IfIhadbeenshy...themovingtrain.”譯為“若當(dāng)時(shí)我太羞澀，我可能就望向窗外。然而那么我現(xiàn)在會(huì)在哪兒呢？你是不會(huì)在這兒的！所以在他晃蕩著下火車(chē)時(shí)，我的目光牢牢地鎖住了他?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)‘讓讀者從Rosa的角度聽(tīng)故事‘、B選項(xiàng)‘表明故事發(fā)生在很久以前’和C選項(xiàng)‘表明Rosa的媽媽已經(jīng)過(guò)世‘都與文章大意不符，排除。

4.選擇"hackneyed（陳腐的；平庸的）的反義詞，但不知道hackneyed的意思怎么辦呢，我們可以根據(jù)“preparedmyselfforsomehackneyedexpressionasIgotoffthetrain.Youknow,Greatmeetingyou,orYou’retheappleofmyeye.”（當(dāng)我要下火車(chē)時(shí)，我自己準(zhǔn)備了些如“很高興見(jiàn)到你”，“你是我的摯愛(ài)”等表達(dá)。）我們可以看出我當(dāng)時(shí)準(zhǔn)備的是客套的常規(guī)表達(dá)，所以hackneyed的意思就能推斷出來(lái)，其反義詞應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)的“original新穎的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”。

5.從文中第二段“butIalreadyknewthekindofmanIwouldmany...”即可判斷Rosa媽媽講述她和爸爸的故事來(lái)告訴Rosa找什么樣的伴侶。A選項(xiàng)符合。其他三項(xiàng)B渴望回到那時(shí)那景，C認(rèn)為受教育要在婚前，D暗示Rosa可能會(huì)在火車(chē)上遇到自己的丈夫與文章主旨不符。

13.單選題

AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircell-phonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.“Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents,”saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.

Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.

“Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad.”saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽竊)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.

Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand.“Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey’regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey’rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,”saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed“sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn’tdo.”

Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.

1.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating（）.

2.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents（）.

3.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto（）.

4.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythemostsignificantmeasuretofightcheating?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildevicet

B.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatest

C.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemt

D.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthorityt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyt

B.didn’thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamt

C.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenought

D.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystemt

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usemanyhigh-techdevicest

B.cutoffInternetaccessoncampust

C.turntotheoralexaminationformst

D.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevicest

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingt

B.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingt

C.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationst

D.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternett

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.t

B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.t

C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.t

D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的一名學(xué)生被發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊……”。第一段指出AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.（在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)，一名學(xué)生將他的課堂筆記加載到一個(gè)手持電子郵件設(shè)備中，并試圖在考試時(shí)閱讀它們：一個(gè)同學(xué)告發(fā)了他），由此可知D項(xiàng)“在他的同學(xué)向當(dāng)局報(bào)告了他的作弊行為后”正確。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他把他的課堂筆記載入一個(gè)手持電子郵件設(shè)備時(shí)”，這是作弊的方法；B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他試圖把答案告訴他的同學(xué)時(shí)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“在學(xué)校實(shí)行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度后”，第一段提到AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestions…putinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.（在拉斯維加斯的內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)(UNLV)，學(xué)生們用手機(jī)攝像頭拍攝試題……實(shí)行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度），由此可知實(shí)行新的考試監(jiān)督制度是內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)，而不是加州大學(xué)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“據(jù)羅恩雅斯賓說(shuō)，所有作弊的學(xué)生……”。第一段最后一句雅斯賓提到了Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents（如果他們花同樣多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，他們都能成為優(yōu)等生），由此可知C項(xiàng)“如果他們學(xué)習(xí)足夠努力，他們能得最高分”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們的不誠(chéng)實(shí)應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”、B項(xiàng)“考試前沒(méi)有太多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)”和D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄儾皇煜ば孪到y(tǒng)所以可以被原諒”在文中雅斯賓都沒(méi)有提到過(guò)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了在新的考試中贏得貓和老鼠的游戲，大學(xué)管理者們必須……”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.（為了打擊考試季的作弊行為，他們切斷了筆記本電腦的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，要求考生在考試前交出手機(jī)，或者干脆要求考生用紙筆考試）可知，D項(xiàng)“停止使用高科技設(shè)備”正確；A項(xiàng)“多使用高科技設(shè)備”和C項(xiàng)“變?yōu)榭谠囆问健眱?nèi)容與原文相反；B項(xiàng)“切斷校園內(nèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，原文提到的是切斷筆記本的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，不是校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“RyanDapremont表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarisminwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.（Dapremont說(shuō)，技術(shù)讓作弊變得更容易，但寫(xiě)論文時(shí)的剽竊可能是最大的問(wèn)題；學(xué)生們可以從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上抄襲別人的作品，而不用注明出處），由此可推斷，論文作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重，因此C項(xiàng)“寫(xiě)作作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重”正確。A項(xiàng)“紙筆考試對(duì)于打擊作弊毫無(wú)用處”，文章只提及技術(shù)讓作弊更加容易，A項(xiàng)斷章取義；B項(xiàng)“由于他的字寫(xiě)得很差，他的試卷評(píng)了低分”文中沒(méi)有提到他由于字寫(xiě)得差而打了低分；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上摘抄別人的作品就更難了”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)可能是打擊作弊最重要的措施？”。文章最后一句提到Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.（他們說(shuō)最重要的事情是首先要教學(xué)生不要作弊），由此可知，打擊作弊最重要的措施是給學(xué)生建立誠(chéng)實(shí)的考試原則，所以B項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)生知道誠(chéng)實(shí)更重要”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“不太重視學(xué)生將來(lái)的去向”，這不屬于措施；C項(xiàng)“很難作弊的寫(xiě)作考試”和D項(xiàng)“建立更嚴(yán)格的校園榮譽(yù)守則”是具體的方法，與題干不符。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsorfantasticachievements,thattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating—reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators(拖延者),somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff(游手好閑)”,Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker’stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)ady”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest-isgoodforanoverworkedstudentor,executive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho’ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

2.Thepassagestatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

4.Thefinalparagraphis______.

5.Theword“devised”inPara.2means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lazinessisamoralsin

B.thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C.lazinessindicatesdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D.lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lazinessisadisease

B.somelazypeopleareinsecure

C.lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D.agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B.Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C.Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somber

B.humorous

C.serious

D.trite(陳腐的)

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.formulate

B.understood

C.wrote

D.proved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段講了懶惰是一種罪惡，第二段又指出懶惰也會(huì)起到很大的作用，說(shuō)明本文主要講的是懶惰的壞處和好處。因此B選項(xiàng)“懶惰有好處也有壞處”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“懶惰是一種道德上的罪惡”，C選項(xiàng)“懶惰表明了根深蒂固的情感問(wèn)題”，D選項(xiàng)“懶惰的人做的工作更仔細(xì)”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.（他們可能非常不信任他們的同事，以至于無(wú)法參加任何小組任務(wù)，因?yàn)楹ε卤怀靶驌?dān)心他們的想法被竊取。），說(shuō)明懶惰表明了一種根深蒂固的情感問(wèn)題。因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于懶惰的一個(gè)很好的定義是情感疾病”正確。A選項(xiàng)“懶惰是一種疾病”，B選項(xiàng)“一些懶惰的人沒(méi)有安全感”，C選項(xiàng)“懶惰的好處多于壞處”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.（所以當(dāng)