考研考博-英語-寶雞職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寶雞職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe（）ourselves;weshouldnotcomplacencyandeasyjudgmentsonourpartconcerningourownmoralconduct.

問題1選項

A.denigrationof…exclude

B.instructionsto...equate

C.parodiesof...satirize

D.warningsto...justify

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和動詞詞義辨析。denigrationof“低毀”；exclude“排除”；instructions“指令，說明”；equate“使相等”；parodiesof“效仿”；satirize“諷刺，挖苦”；warningsto“警告”；justify“證明……是正當?shù)摹?。句意：我們對他人的指責應該是對自己的一種警告；我們不應該自滿，也不應該對我們自己的道德行為輕易地做出判斷。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

問題1選項

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。insurance“保險，保險費”；security“安全，保證”；assurance“保證，擔保，確信”；safety“安全，保險”。句意：這個小男孩自信地回答了我所有的問題。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（）hope.

問題1選項

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意:全國各地新油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)使政府充滿了無限的希望。eternal“永恒的,不朽的”;everlasting“永恒的,接連不斷的”;ceaseless“不間斷的;無休止的”;infinite“無限的;極大的”。選項D更符合語境。

4.單選題

Theremovalofthetopsoilmayeliminatemostofthecontaminationofthearea.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.dealwith

C.overcome

D.getridof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevent“防止”；B選項dealwith“處理”；C選項overcome“克服”；D選項getridof“除去”。句意：除去表土可以消除該地區(qū)的大部分污染。劃線部分eliminate是消除的意思。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項substantial“大量的；實質的”；D選項potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠，以減少潛在的危險。所選之詞應修飾hazards(危險)，而且其意應為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險。故選D。

6.單選題

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

問題1選項

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

問題2選項

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

問題3選項

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

問題4選項

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

問題5選項

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

問題6選項

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

問題7選項

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

問題8選項

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

問題9選項

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

問題10選項

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

問題11選項

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

問題12選項

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

問題13選項

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

問題14選項

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

問題15選項

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

問題16選項

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

問題17選項

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

問題18選項

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

問題19選項

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

問題20選項

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查時間副詞（短語）。Justwhen正當；While當……時；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根據(jù)上下文判斷，事件發(fā)生在前，報紙報道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分詞辨析?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，報紙報道事件細節(jié)是主動的，所以用giving。

3.

考查關系代詞。Wherever無論哪里，表地點；Whatever無論什么；However不管怎樣；Whichever無論哪一個；由后一句onthespot（當場）可推斷出應選地點狀語wherever。

4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem問題；purpose目的。由動詞不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，選項D符合要求。

5.

考查動詞辨析。make使，讓；publish出版；know知道，了解；write寫。句意：新聞發(fā)生的源頭或是從那些將新聞制作并散播人處獲得，并傳播給那些想要了解新聞的人們。選項C符合句意。

6.

考查代詞辨析。another另一個；oneanother彼此，互相；theother兩者中的另一個；other“其他的”，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)表示泛指。句意：收音機、電報、電視以及其他發(fā)明。

7.

考查邏輯連接詞。However然而，表轉折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表結果。根據(jù)上下文，句子間邏輯判斷為轉折。選項中的however意為“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名詞辨析。value價值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他們快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式來提高速度。選項D符合句意。

9.

考查動詞辨析。spread傳播；passed傳遞，通過；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的報紙被印刷并且被閱讀。選項C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branchoutinto“拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：競爭也使得報紙拓展到很多其他領域。選項C符合句意。

11.

考查名詞辨析。matters“當前狀況”；affairs“公共事務及安全事務”；things“事情”一般用于口語中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且嚴肅的事件。選項D符合句意。

12.

考查介詞辨析。on在……之上；through通過……；with和……；of屬于……的。句意：報紙通過廣告影響人們的經濟選擇。through做方式狀語，表示“通過，憑借”，選項B符合句意。

13.

考查名詞辨析。form“形式”；existence“存在”；content“內容”；purpose“目的”。句意：報紙是依賴廣告生存的，選項B符合句意。

14.

考查動詞短語辨析。triestocover試圖支付；managestocover打算支付；failstocover無法支付；succeedsincovering成功支付。根據(jù)后面even“甚至”這個語氣可判斷出此處為否定意義，只有failstocover表否定，意為“無法支付”。選項C符合句意。

15.

考查固定搭配。thesourceofincome為固定搭配，意為“收入來源”。選項A符合句意。

16.

考查名詞辨析。way方式，道路；means錢財，財富；chance機會；success成功。根據(jù)上下文語義，句意：出售版面廣告所賺的錢依賴于報紙對廣告商的價值。means意為“錢財，財富”，選項B符合句意。

17.

考查時態(tài)與語態(tài)。整個文章時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時且此句中應用被動，報紙價值是“被估量”，選項C符合要求。

18.

考查副詞辨析。somewhat有點，稍微；little少量，一丁點；much多，大量；something某事。句意：發(fā)行部的工作對于報紙的發(fā)行至關重要。選項C符合句意。

19.

考查時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：刊印在報紙版面上的娛樂和服務。被動語態(tài)且表示將來，選項D符合句意。

20.

考查固定搭配。by通過；憑借；with和……；at在……；about關于……。atthecommunity意為“在社區(qū)內”，為固定用法。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.

問題1選項

A.particles

B.garbage

C.dust

D.ashes

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.particles顆粒，微粒B.garbage垃圾；廢物

C.dust沙土，塵土；灰塵D.ashes灰燼

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】trash的意思為“廢物，垃圾”，這里指把垃圾掃到大氣層，garbage與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】有人提出了一些建議，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾掃回來，掃到我們的大氣層，大部分垃圾在大氣層都會燃燒。

8.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問題1選項

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項peril“危及，置...于險境”；C選項melt“融化”；D選項vanish“消失，突然不見”。句意：小偷跑進人群中，然后從視線中消失不見了。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問題1選項

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問題2選項

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問題3選項

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問題4選項

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問題5選項

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項“由于吸煙”和C項“因為他們的父母吸煙”明顯錯誤；D選項“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因為他們吸入有毒的煙”，故A項正確。B選項原文沒有提及，C選項與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內有過量的這些化學物質”可以排除。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干要求找出錯誤選項。A選項“非吸煙者也許會被動吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項“有些非吸煙者可能因為吸二手煙而死于肺癌”正確；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。因此本題答案為D項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干要求判斷四個選項中哪一個不是二手煙對孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項正確，可排除；B選項“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項“孩子們長大了也會受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。

5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風險更高”。A選項為“5歲以下生活在無人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

10.單選題

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

問題1選項

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。analyze“分析，解釋”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批評”；assign“分派，選派，分配”；根據(jù)句意‘船長經常將任務（

）下屬，以便自己有時間去做更重要的工作?！_定D選項正確。

11.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項disaster“災難；災禍；不幸”；B選項controversy“辯論”；C選項confrontation“對抗；對峙”；D選項aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結束嗎。A選項disaster（災難）不能形容兩個國家的分歧。B選項controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個國家的侵略。C選項confrontation（對峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項正確。

12.單選題

Australianresearchershavediscoveredelectroreceptors(sensoryorgansdesignedtorespondtoelectricalfields)clusteredatthetipofthespinyanteater’ssnout.Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowntoexciteelectroreceptors.

Havingdiscoveredtheelectroreceptor,researchersarenowinvestigatinghowanteatersutilizesuchasophisticatedsensorysystem.Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey;however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.Still,researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicthatdistinguisheselectroreceptorsfromtactilereceptors?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexperimentdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

3.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablydiscussesthefunctionoftatilereceptors(lines6—9)inorderto（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutanteatersfromthebehavioralexperimentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheresearchersmentionedinthesecondparagraphwhoobservedanteatersbreakintoanestofantswouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

6.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthenthehypothesismentionedinlines15—16?

問題1選項

A.Themannerinwhichelectroreceptorsrespondtoelectricalstimuli.

B.Thetendencyofelectroreceptorstobefoundinclusters.

C.Theunusuallocationsinwhichelectroreceptorsarefoundinmostspecies.

D.Theamountofelectricalstimulationrequiredtoexciteelectroreceptors.

問題2選項

A.Researchershaddifficultyverifyingtheexistenceofelectroreceptorsintheanteaterbecauseelectroreceptorsrespondtosuchanarrowrangeofelectricalfieldstrengths.

B.Researchersfoundthatthelevelofnervousactivityintheanteater9sbrainincreaseddramaticallyasthestrengthoftheelectricalstimuluswasincreased.

C.Researchersfoundthatsomeareasoftheanteater’ssnoutwerenotsensitivetoaweakelectricalstimulus.

D.Researchersfoundthattheanteater’stactilereceptorsweremoreeasilyexcitedbyastrongelectricalstimulusthanweretheelectroreceptors.

問題3選項

A.eliminateandalternativeexplanationofanteaters’responsetoelectricalstimuli

B.highlightatypeofsensoryorganthathasafunctionidenticaltothatofelectroreceptors

C.pointoutaseriouscomplicationittheresearchonelectroreceptorsinanteaters

D.suggestthattactilereceptorsassistelectroreceptorsinthedetectionofelectricalsignals

問題4選項

A.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweenstimulidetectedbytheirelectroreceptorsandstimulidetectedbytheirtactilereceptors.

B.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweentheelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemoundsandthoseemanatingfromantnests.

C.Theycanbetrainedtorecognizeconsistentlythepresenceofaparticularstimulus.

D.Theyreactmorereadilytostrongthantoweakstimuli.

問題5選項

A.Theeventtheyobservedwasatypicalandmaynotreflecttheusualhuntingpracticesofanteaters.

B.Itislikelythattheanteaterslocatedtheants’nestingchamberswithouttheassistanceofelectroreceptors.

C.Anteaterspossessaverysimplesensorysystemforusinlocatingprey.

D.Thespeedwithwhichtheanteaterslocatedtheirpreyisgreaterthanwhatmightbeexpectedonthebasisofchancealone.

問題6選項

A.Researchersareabletotrainanteaterstobreakintoanundergroundchamberthatisemittingastrongelectricalsignal.

B.Researchersareabletodetectaweakelectricalsignalemanatingfromthenestingchamberofanantcolony.

C.Anteatersareobservedtakingincreasinglylongeramountsoftimetolocatethenestingchambersofants.

D.Anteatersareobservedusingvariousanglestobreakintonestsofants.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.雖然觸覺感受器(食蟻獸鼻子上的另一種感覺器官)確實也能對電刺激做出反應，但這種感受器只能對電場強度做出反應，而電場強度大約是已知的激發(fā)電感受器的1000倍。”由此可知electroreceptor是需要聚集電子刺激物來刺激它，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)目標。而觸覺感受器需要的電子刺激強度要比電子感受器的刺激強度高出大概1,000倍。因此，他們的區(qū)別在于刺激物的數(shù)量上。D選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.研究人員將鼻子的小區(qū)域暴露在極弱的電場下，并記錄下由此產生的神經活動傳遞到大腦的過程，從而得出了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)?！笨茖W家們做了這個實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)了電感受器。由于觸覺感受器需要有比電子感受器的刺激強度要多得多。由此推斷食蟻獸的鼻部對弱電信號的刺激并不敏感，否則就發(fā)現(xiàn)不了電感受器。C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位至文章第一段最后一句“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.”即盡管食蟻獸鼻部的另一個感應器官觸覺感受器，也能對電子刺激物做出反應，但是它需要的刺激強度是電子感受器的刺激強度的1000倍。這里是否定食蟻獸的觸覺感受器也能對電子刺激物做出反應，并解釋道只有激強度達到一定強度才能做出反應。所以A選項‘排除和替代解釋食蟻獸對電刺激的反應’符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.在該實驗中，科學家們成功地訓練食蟻獸分辨兩個槽溝的水，這兩個槽溝的水一個是帶有弱電磁場的，而另一個卻沒有。”推測可知，食蟻獸是能被訓練意識到特定刺激物的存在的。所以C選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。第二段作者指出“researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.即科學家觀察到食蟻獸闖入到斜坡上的蟻群并且迅速找到蟻穴。他們認為食蟻獸能夠迅速找到看不見的獵物表明食蟻獸是利用了電感受器來定位蟻穴的。所以D選項‘食蟻獸定位獵物的速度比僅憑偶然性就能預測到的要快?！项}意。

6.推理判斷題。由題干迅速定位至第二段第三句“Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey,however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.這些證據(jù)與研究人員的假設相一致，即食蟻獸使用電感受器來探測獵物發(fā)出的電信號。然而，研究人員至今還無法探測到食蟻獸最喜愛的食物——白蟻丘發(fā)出的電信號?！币虼送茢?，如果科學家能夠探測出白蟻穴發(fā)出的信號，那么該假設就更能成立。所以B選項‘研究人員能夠探測到來自蟻群巢穴的微弱電信號。’符合題意。

13.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問題2選項

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問題4選項

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociation