考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西應(yīng)用科技學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西應(yīng)用科技學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complacent意為“自滿(mǎn)的，自鳴得意的”；respectable意為“得體的，值得尊敬的”；respective意為“各自的，分別的”；respectful意為“有禮貌的”。

句意：下課后，他們回到各自的宿舍去了。

2.單選題

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:如果我們不停止與那些致命的核武器的親密接觸，整個(gè)地球?qū)?。empower:使控制局勢(shì)，授權(quán)。punish:懲罰,處罰。pollute:污染，弄臟。annihilate:消滅，湮沒(méi)。

3.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對(duì)referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒(méi)有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測(cè)出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會(huì)被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會(huì)。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會(huì)，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過(guò)大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會(huì)被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問(wèn)題

B.well-writtenB.寫(xiě)的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過(guò)于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對(duì)方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒(méi)有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來(lái)支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國(guó)家的開(kāi)拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對(duì)referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個(gè)在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類(lèi)研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個(gè)研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評(píng)審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒(méi)有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評(píng)審”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

4.單選題

AttheInterviewIntheinterviewtofindjobs,youneedtodothefollowingthings.

1.Thefirsttwoorthreeminutesareimportantinestablishingrapport.Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname.Lookattheinterviewerandshowinterestinwhatisbeingsaid.

2.Takeamomenttothinkabouttheanswerstothequestions.Listencarefully;speakclearlyanddonotrush.

3.Benaturalandhonest.Bepositiveandconcentrateonachievementsandexperience.Donotmakefalseclaims.

4.Donotanswerjust’'yes”or"no";supportyouranswerswithexamplesandgivereasonsforyouropinions.Atthesametime,sticktothepointandrememberthattheinterviewer'stimeislimited.

5.Thestatusofthepersoninterviewingyoumayhaveabearingonthewayyouapproachyourmeeting.Apersonnelofficeassessing,candidatesforashortlistwillusuallynotbeinapositiontodiscusstechnicalities,anymorethanthesalesmanagercangiveyouthedetailsofthecompanypensionscheme.However,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves.

6.Usetheinterviewtofindoutwhatyouwanttoknowaboutthejobandtheorganization.Havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer.Makesureyouhavealltheinformationyouneed,notonlyabouttheactualpost,butabouttheorganizationitself,includingsuchaspectsascareerprospects,pensionscheme,andfringebenefits.

7.Useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou.

Aboutall,trynottotreattheinterviewasanexaminationinwhichyouarealwaysonthereceivingend.Useitinsteadasanopportunityforafullandfrankexchangeofinformation.Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions.

1.Itisimportantfortheintervieweetobe

（

）

ataninterview.

2.Personnelofficersare

（

）

todiscusstechnicalities

.

3.Itiswisetohavealistofquestionstoask

（

）.

4.Showtheinterviewerthatyouare

（

）

toworkforhiscompany

.

5.Ataninterviewtheinterviewee（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atease

B.casual

C.formal

D.respectful

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alwaysqualified

B.neverqualified

C.notalwaysqualified

D.unqualified

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.beforeaninterview

B.atthebeginningofaninterview

C.attheendofaninterview

D.afteraninterview

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.anxious

B.desperate

C.eager

D.willing

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.canaskquestions

B.hastoanswerquestions

C.hastoaskquestions

D.shouldaskquestions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到“盡量展示出自己友好的一面，微笑，放松，握手，稱(chēng)呼對(duì)方”（Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname），這些都是得體的表現(xiàn)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到“有時(shí)候人事專(zhuān)員會(huì)準(zhǔn)備一些技術(shù)問(wèn)題，他們會(huì)評(píng)估你的回答，盡管他們自己不是專(zhuān)家”（however,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves），由此可知，并不是所有的人事專(zhuān)員的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)都很強(qiáng)的，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第七段提到“列好一張全面問(wèn)答的清單，有些問(wèn)題面試官不會(huì)涉及”（havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer），可知這些問(wèn)題是在面試前已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第4題:詞義題。文章第八段提到“利用每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)你不僅僅是想要一份工作，而是真的很想為面試你的這家公司工作”（useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到“不要害怕詢(xún)問(wèn)更多的信息或者提出自己的疑問(wèn)”（Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thisroomispart______withafewoldarmchairs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.decorated

C.beautified

D.furnished

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)provide“提供”，B項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾”，C項(xiàng)beautify“美化”，D項(xiàng)furnish“提供，裝備，為（房屋或房間）配備家具”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞room“房間”和armchairs“扶手椅”可知，D項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這個(gè)房間只有幾把舊扶手椅。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D選項(xiàng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)shouldhavedone，這里用了省略，表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做，但卻沒(méi)有做的事情。句意為：我上周沒(méi)有把申請(qǐng)表發(fā)出去，但我應(yīng)該發(fā)出去的。D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(para.1)means______.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketconcept,theauthorfocuseson______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mostindustriestodayconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods.

B.Companiestodayfocusonthepreferencesofthedealers.

C.Companiesputtheconsumerinterestabovetheirowninterest.

D.Analysisoftheconsumerinterestdoesgoodtothecompanies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposethesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetasteareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteofconsumer.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求，然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿(mǎn)意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷(xiāo)售方式就是人們所說(shuō)的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)），說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)是以顧客為中心的銷(xiāo)售方式。因此C選項(xiàng)“一種以客戶(hù)為中心的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把產(chǎn)品變成金錢(qián)的一種做法”，D選項(xiàng)“銷(xiāo)售人員說(shuō)服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式”是傳統(tǒng)銷(xiāo)售的方式，所以A,D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)人們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”，由原文可知，這只是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的一個(gè)步驟，而不是其本質(zhì)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在商品的有效生產(chǎn)上”，由原文Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專(zhuān)注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)）可知，這是幾年前傳統(tǒng)銷(xiāo)售的做法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“今天的公司關(guān)注經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商的喜好”，由原文themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.（制造商和經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商首先要努力找出消費(fèi)者想要購(gòu)買(mǎi)的東西，然后再去生產(chǎn)提供購(gòu)買(mǎi)。）可知，如今的公司更關(guān)注消費(fèi)者的喜好，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“公司把消費(fèi)者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.（這個(gè)概念并不意味著商業(yè)是仁慈的，或者消費(fèi)者的滿(mǎn)意度優(yōu)先于公司的利潤(rùn)。）可知，公司還是將自己的利益放在首位，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)消費(fèi)者興趣的分析對(duì)公司有好處”，由原文Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過(guò)了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。）可知，迎合消費(fèi)者的興趣有利于公司盈利，D選項(xiàng)符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句N(xiāo)ottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專(zhuān)注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)，然后依靠“有說(shuō)服力的銷(xiāo)售技巧”來(lái)盡可能多地銷(xiāo)售這些產(chǎn)品。），說(shuō)明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“盡可能多地銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“盡可能多地銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品”正確。B選項(xiàng)“盡可能高效地運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品”，C選項(xiàng)“大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品”，D選項(xiàng)“重新設(shè)計(jì)這些產(chǎn)品以便于可以大規(guī)模制造”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過(guò)了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。），接著舉了可口可樂(lè)公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂(lè)的例子，說(shuō)明恢復(fù)經(jīng)典配方是為了迎合顧客的口味。因此D選項(xiàng)“商品的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該貼合消費(fèi)者的口味”正確。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)有著更強(qiáng)的吸引力”，B選項(xiàng)“一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時(shí)間的”，C選項(xiàng)“那些口味保守的消費(fèi)者最難取悅”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者旨在向讀者介紹市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)這一概念的基本特征，即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn)，并通過(guò)講述可口可樂(lè)公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強(qiáng)化了讀者對(duì)其基本特征的了解。因此A選項(xiàng)“其主要特點(diǎn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“其社會(huì)影響”，C選項(xiàng)“其可能帶來(lái)的后果”，D選項(xiàng)“其理論基礎(chǔ)”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

8.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問(wèn)題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來(lái)越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會(huì)里,這是一個(gè)不可避免的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生還沒(méi)有走出校門(mén),大公司便在競(jìng)相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門(mén)往往看重直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因?yàn)樵谀抢锕ぷ饕妊芯款I(lǐng)域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴(yán)重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W(xué)知識(shí)而學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少了。

9.單選題

Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)figureout“理解，算出”；B選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項(xiàng)carryout“實(shí)行”；D選項(xiàng)takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家里，千百萬(wàn)普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無(wú)私地工作著。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

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