考研考博-英語-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改為speakup。D處句意應(yīng)為“大聲說”,而speakout表示“公開說出”。

2.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在場；立刻；處于困境”；ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”，此處填的介詞短語應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān)，所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場”（這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場）。句意：自殺爆炸事件過去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈拧娜丝赡芨唷９收_答案為選項(xiàng)C。

3.單選題

Isentinvitationsto80people,（）havereplied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhomonly20ofthem

B.only20ofthemwho

C.ofwhomonly20

D.only20who

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：我邀請了80人,

其中只有20人回復(fù)了。of表從屬關(guān)系,

在這里指80人中的20人,whom指代80

人。選項(xiàng)A重復(fù),

選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

4.翻譯題

機(jī)器人我們正生活在一個(gè)機(jī)器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時(shí)代。機(jī)器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機(jī)和處理賬單。

不過這些機(jī)器人并不是人形機(jī)器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來代替人做某些工作的機(jī)器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機(jī)器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲(chǔ)存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機(jī)器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機(jī)器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。

使用機(jī)器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長時(shí)間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準(zhǔn)確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強(qiáng)烈的噪音或是有危險(xiǎn)射線的場合，隨著機(jī)器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會(huì)下降。

盡管機(jī)器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠(yuǎn)。問題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機(jī)器人。

【答案】Robot5.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobenomorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorgetintouchwiththesupernatural-perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda“singer”toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingonthefloor.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwon’tharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisfingersontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor,withasteadyhandandgreatpatience.Heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Agoodtitleforthisarticlemightbe______.

2.Thepurposeofhealingceremonyis______.

3.The“singer”rubsandonthepatientbecause_______.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Itcanbeinferredthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ModernArt

B.TheNavahoIndian

C.Sandpainting

D.Medicine

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.topleasuresupernaturalpowers

B.toattractsupernaturalpowers

C.tofrightensupernaturalpowers

D.tocreateasandpainting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithasmedicalvalue

C.itdecoratesthepatient

D.itisoneofthespecialprocessoftheceremony

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.paint

B.beachsand

C.crushedsandstone

D.flour

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisnothingbutakindofart

B.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisonlyahealingmethod

C.theNavahounderstandssandpaintingasakindofrelaxation

D.theNavahotakessandpaintingasapurepleasureoftheirlife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.（美國西南部納瓦霍印第安人的沙畫就是這樣。它們既有藥用價(jià)值也有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。）”，并且全文都在描寫沙畫的藥用和藝術(shù)價(jià)值，因此C選項(xiàng)“沙畫”正確。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”；B選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍印第安人”以及D選項(xiàng)“藥物”都不符合文章大意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda‘singer’toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.（為了擺脫這種情況，病人或他的親屬將雇用一個(gè)被稱為“歌手”的醫(yī)生來執(zhí)行治愈儀式，用來吸引超自然力量生物。）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“吸引超自然力量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“享受超自然力量”；C選項(xiàng)“嚇唬超自然力量”不符合文意，D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)建沙畫”并不是舉行治愈儀式的目的，而是一種手段，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe‘singer’willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.（在儀式的最后一天，患者將坐在這幅沙畫上，‘歌手’將從沙畫中的特定人物身上摩擦患者身體的患病部位。通過這種方式，病人吸收了那個(gè)特殊超自然存在的力量，變得強(qiáng)壯起來。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“病人從沙子中獲得力量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它有醫(yī)療價(jià)值”；C選項(xiàng)“裝飾病人”都不符合文意，D選項(xiàng)“這是儀式的一個(gè)特殊過程”并不能作為往病人身上擦沙子的原因，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.（使用的材料很容易在納瓦霍人定居的地方找到：棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的砂巖，這些砂巖被磨碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一樣。）”，由此可知沙畫是由碎沙巖的沙子組成的，因此C選項(xiàng)“碎沙巖”正確。A選項(xiàng)“油漆”；B選項(xiàng)“沙灘上的沙子”以及D選項(xiàng)“面粉”都不符合文意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段以及第三段中的“ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis...（傳統(tǒng)的納瓦霍人不允許復(fù)制沙畫，因?yàn)樗嘈沤虝?huì)他這一技藝的超自然力量禁止了這一行為……）”可知，在納瓦霍人看來，沙畫只是一種治愈超自然力量的手段，并沒有意識(shí)到它的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，從他們禁止復(fù)制沙畫這一舉措就可看出。因此B選項(xiàng)“在納瓦霍人看來，沙畫只是一種治療方法”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“在納瓦霍人看來，沙畫只不過是一種藝術(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍人認(rèn)為沙畫是一種放松”以及D選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍人把沙畫當(dāng)作生活的純粹樂趣”都不符合文意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.（克里薩斯國王統(tǒng)治時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)價(jià)值的純金和銀幣，為國家當(dāng)局提供了第一個(gè)毫無疑問的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑄幣證據(jù)）可知A、B、C的選項(xiàng)正確，因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.（來自希臘庫扎的銀質(zhì)硬幣鑄造于公元前413年，被認(rèn)為是希臘最好的硬幣之一，價(jià)值超過1000美元）可知提到了這個(gè)銀幣的不足、價(jià)值以及年齡，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.（然而，人們不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為只有機(jī)器制造的硬幣才是有價(jià)值的），緊接著以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler舉例，是為了說明手工制作的硬幣具有很大的價(jià)值，因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury（事實(shí)上，完全數(shù)學(xué)對稱的趨勢直到十六世紀(jì)萊昂納多?達(dá)?芬奇發(fā)明的印壓機(jī)才開始）可知B選項(xiàng)“硬幣制作的工藝”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬幣在形狀大小存在不足，機(jī)械制造出來的銀幣其形狀大小是統(tǒng)一的，因此選B。

7.寫作題

Directions:ReadthefollowinginformationandwriteanessayofABOUT200WORDS.ItisanARGUMENTATIVEESSAYandaTITLEisneeded.

Accordingtoanewstudy,92%ofcollegestudentswouldratherdotheirreadingtheold-fashionedway,withpagesandnotpixels.ThefindingcomesfromAmericanUniversitylinguisticsprofessorNaomiS.Baron,authorofthebookWordsOnscreen:TheFateofReadinginaDigitalWorld,Baronledateamthatasked300collegestudentsintheUnitedStates,Slovakia,JapanandGermanyhowtheypreferredtoread.Physicalbookswerethechoiceof92%oftherespondents,whoselectedpaperoveranarrayofelectronicdevices.It'snotjustcollegestudentswho'dratherspendtheirtimewithabookinsteadofane-reader.In2015,e-booksalesdroppedintheUnitedStates,andit'sthesamestoryintheUnitedKingdom.

【答案】Willpaperbookbereplacedbye-book?8.單選題

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。takeprecedence優(yōu)先，具有/獲得優(yōu)先權(quán)。句意：應(yīng)該首先討論這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)樗鼉?yōu)先于所有問題。prosperity繁榮，成功；presumption放肆，傲慢；probalility概率，幾率。答案A。

9.單選題

CriticalandindependentthinkingisavaluedskillamongAmericanacademicsandprofessorswhooftensadlylamentthatmodernstudentslacktheseskills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mournaloud

B.expresssorrowdemonstratively

C.complain

D.regretstrongly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)mournaloud“大聲哀悼”；B選項(xiàng)expresssorrowdemonstratively“表達(dá)悲傷”；C選項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”；D選項(xiàng)regretstrongly“強(qiáng)烈后悔”。題目中的lament表達(dá)的是“遺憾”的意思，所以D“regretstrongly深表遺憾”與題目意思相符。句意：美國專業(yè)學(xué)者和教授認(rèn)為批判思維獨(dú)立思維是一種很有價(jià)值的技能，他們通常會(huì)因現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生缺乏這種能力而傷感遺憾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.3.NeverwillInotdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

36Manyartiststodayareinthatiscalledappliedart.37Theyusetheirabilityinadvertise,interiordecoration,orsomesimilarjob.38Butpeopleinbusinesswhichhiretheartistsforthatkindofworksaythatsimpleartisticabilityisnotenough.Therearelotsofyoungpeoplewhohavethat.39Butnotenoughofusknowanythingaboutphysics,ormechanicalthings,ormath.40Tobeadruggistyouhavetostudyaboutchemistry.Youcan’tlearnchemistrywithoutknowingsomethingaboutalgebra.Howaboutanurse?41Oneoftherequiredsubjectsinacourseofnursingisknowntomateriamedica.42Inmateriamedicayou’lllearntofiguredosesandpreparemedicines.Algebraisimportantindoingthefiguring.Toomanystudentnursesflunkoutofthecoursebecausetheirmathisweak.It’sthesamewithmanytrades.43Ifyouwanttobeadraftsman,amachinist,amolder,andapatternmaker,you’llneedalgebraandgeometryandeventrigonometry.44Asifyouwanttogointobusinessforyourself,you’llneedmath.45Businesstoday,whetherit’srunningalittlegasstationorabigfactory,takegoodmanagement.Goodmanagementtakesmathematics.

【答案】36.that—what

37.advertise—advertising

38.which—who

39.us—them

40.about×

41.to—as

42.figure—figureout

43.and—or

44.as—even

45.take—takes

【解析】36.分析句子成分，主語是artists，系動(dòng)詞are，缺少表語，所以這里的in以及后面的從句組成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作表語，從句是賓語從句，而介詞后面的賓語從句一般用wh-類詞引導(dǎo)，而從句中缺少主語，所以應(yīng)該把that改為what。

37.介詞后面一般接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，這里的advertise是動(dòng)詞原形，所以應(yīng)該改為advertising。

38.根據(jù)從句中間的關(guān)鍵詞hire可知，從句的主語是人，但是從句缺主語，所以是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這個(gè)從句是用來修飾people而不是business，而which是用來修飾物的，所以應(yīng)該把which改為who。

39.文章前面一直用第三人稱的語氣來寫作，us在文中出現(xiàn)得很突兀讓人不知所云，而根據(jù)前文可以推測，這里的不知道物理或者機(jī)械類知識(shí)的是前文所說的年輕人，所以應(yīng)該把us換成them。

40.study學(xué)習(xí)某件事時(shí)一般是及物動(dòng)詞不需要借助介詞來加賓語，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)bout去掉。

41.beknownto“為……所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的詞語，而介詞to后面接的是藥物學(xué)，這里要表達(dá)的意思是在一系列的護(hù)理學(xué)科中其中一個(gè)需要學(xué)的科目是藥物學(xué)，這里的詞組應(yīng)該是beknownas“被稱為”，所以需要把介詞to改為as。

42.figure單獨(dú)使用時(shí)是“計(jì)算”，但是作為護(hù)理學(xué)的一類課程很少會(huì)要配藥，這里應(yīng)該是清楚地知道藥品的劑量，所以應(yīng)該在figure后面加介詞out組成固定短語figureout弄清楚。

43.根據(jù)前面的if可知這里是假設(shè)，但是一個(gè)人只有很小的可能又是繪圖員又是機(jī)械師又是模具工又是制模師，這里的四個(gè)職業(yè)應(yīng)該是選擇關(guān)系，所以這句所有的and都要改為or。

44.asif“好像，貌似”，根據(jù)上下文語境，講述的是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)很重要，即使你要自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，你會(huì)需要數(shù)學(xué)，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)s改為even，evenif“即使”。

45.謂語take的主語business是個(gè)抽象名詞，所以謂語動(dòng)詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)，take應(yīng)該改為takes。

11.單選題

SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccess,unbridledcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgenceinwastefulhigh-technology“gadgeteering,”andabreakdownindoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverishpaceanddisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”—whichsometimesbordersoncynicismorevennihilism.

Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentandinsurancecarriers,whichwassetinapublicizedenvironmentof“therichestnationintheworld,”producedforatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesandallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerandinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernforthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffull-costreimbursementencouragedcapitalinvestmentandnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbeds;hospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhigh-technologyequipment;andstructuralostentationandluxuryweretheorderoftheday.Inanygivenday,one-fourthofallcommunitybedsarevacant;expensiveequipmentisunderusedor,worse,usedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.

Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,apainfulexperience,oftenaccompaniedbyfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessandfrustration.Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.Inthemain,however,suchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicandprivatemoneyswhichhavesupportedandencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticesandsubsidizedtheirshortcomingsonamassive,almostunrestrictedscale.Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthisatmosphere,itisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.

1.TheauthorimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationandPugetSoundplans(lines47-48)differedfromotherplansby（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconsequencesoffull-costreimbursementEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,the“pessimism”mentionedatline35ispartlyattributabletothefactthat（

）.

5.Theauthorcitestheprepaidplansinlines46-48as（

）.

6.Itcanbeinferredthatthesentence“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”meansthat（

）.

7.Withwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthesystemforthedeliveryofhealth-careserviceswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheselection?

9.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encouragingcapitalinvestment

B.requiringphysicianstotreatthepoor

C.providingincentivesforcostcontrol

D.employingonlydedicatedandidealisticdoctors

E.relyingprimarilyonpublicfunding

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.risingoperatingcosts

B.underusedhospitalfacilities

C.overcapitalization

D.overrelianceonexpensiveequipment

E.lackofservicesforminorities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.light-heartedandamused

B.objectivebutconcerned

C.detachedandunconcerned

D.cautiousbutsincere

E.enthusiasticandenlightened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeenlittlerealimprovementinhealth-careservices

B.expectationsabouthealth-careservicesaresometimesunrealistic

C.largesegmentsofthepopulationfinditimpossibletogetaccesstohealth-careservices

D.advancesintechnologyhavemadehealthcareserviceunaffordable

E.doctorsarenowlessconcernedwithpatientcare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.counterexamplestotheclaimthatnothinghasworked

B.examplesofhealth-careplansthatwereover-funded

C.evidencethathealth-careservicesarefragmented

D.proofofthetheorythatnoplanhasbeensuccessful

E.experimentsthatyieldeddisappointingresults

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofhealth-careserviceswillnotdecline

B.somepeopleshouldnotbecomedoctors

C.medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth

D.illnessisoftenunpleasantandevenpainful

E.medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbiasedinfavorofdoctorsandagainstpatients.

B.Itishighlyfragmentedandcompletelyineffective

C.Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough

D.Itisgenerallyeffectivebutcanbeimproved

E.Itdiscouragespeoplefromseekingmedicalcare

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Thethirdparagraphisintendedasarefutationofthefirstandsecondparagraphs.

B.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

C.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

D.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,andthesecondandthirdparagraphspresenttwohornsofadilemma.

E.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,theseconditscauses,andthethirdapossiblesolution.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.criticizephysiciansandhealth-careadministratorsforinvestingintechno?logicallyadvancedequipment

B.examinesomeproblemsaffectingdeliveryofhealth-careservicesandassesstheirseverity

C.defendthemedicalcommunityfromchargesthathealth-carehasnotimprovedsinceWorldWarII

D.analyzethereasonsforthehealth-careindustry’sinabilitytoprovidequalitycaretoallsegmentsofthepopulation

E.describethepeculiareconomicfeaturesofthehealth-careindustrythatarethecausesofspiralingmedicalcosts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theKaiserFoundationandPugetSound，將信息點(diǎn)定位為文章第三段。根據(jù)“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（凱澤基金會(huì)（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團(tuán)體實(shí)踐計(jì)劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”“Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.（除了那些最理想主義、最執(zhí)著的人，他們沒有尋求改變的動(dòng)力，也沒有自我約束或節(jié)儉的動(dòng)力。）”從而得出本題答案。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一、二段。選項(xiàng)E與原文第二句所給信息不符，“Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare（particularlyforthepoorandminorities）,improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.（這些措施包括更好地獲得衛(wèi)生保?。ㄌ貏e是對窮人和少數(shù)民族），改善物理植物，增加醫(yī)生和其他衛(wèi)生人員的數(shù)量。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，可以感受到作者行文態(tài)度十分客觀，運(yùn)用客觀事實(shí)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，且對出現(xiàn)的問題十分在意。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pessimism，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段第一句?！癥et,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.（然而，這種悲觀情緒在一定程度上源于對醫(yī)療保健的過高期望。）”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prepaidplans，將信息點(diǎn)定位到第三段第七句?！癗orisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（澤基金會(huì)（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團(tuán)體實(shí)踐計(jì)劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”根據(jù)句子前半句可得出本題答案。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原題信息“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段第五句。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

主旨態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文“SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices（自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，保健服務(wù)領(lǐng)域取得了相當(dāng)大的進(jìn)展）”“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”等信息點(diǎn)的描述，即可得出本題答案。

8.

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章首段提出問題，引出話題，緊接著第二段、第三段解釋并表達(dá)了對這一問題的看法。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，即可得出作者觀點(diǎn)，作者檢查了一些影響醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)分配的問題并對其嚴(yán)重性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。從而得出本題答案。

12.單選題

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：atlength“最后，詳細(xì)地”；選項(xiàng)B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；選項(xiàng)C：onend“連續(xù)地；豎著”;選項(xiàng)D：intime“及時(shí)”。由題意可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：為了給那本新詞典寫序，這兩位學(xué)者昨晚連續(xù)花了三個(gè)小時(shí)。

13.單選題

Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants（）tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas./