考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣西演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣西演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對(duì)事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對(duì)不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛(ài)好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

2.單選題

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在作者看來(lái)，舊教育的基本錯(cuò)誤在于_____。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（舊的和傳統(tǒng)的教育的本質(zhì)弱點(diǎn)不僅僅是它強(qiáng)調(diào)提供明確的主題和活動(dòng)的必要性。這些東西對(duì)于任何可以被稱(chēng)為教育的東西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺點(diǎn)和不幸是，他們的想象力不能超越為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)固定的、僵化的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，而且他們的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)源與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷相距甚遠(yuǎn)。），B選項(xiàng)“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表達(dá)的意思。A選項(xiàng)“特定科目和課程供應(yīng)不足”和C選項(xiàng)“提供固定的教育條件”，和原文表達(dá)的意思沖突，D選項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)生閱讀內(nèi)容過(guò)時(shí)的課本”在文中并沒(méi)有提及，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者在_________上鼓勵(lì)改革。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句話Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的關(guān)注，而不是更少的關(guān)注素材和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。），可知A選項(xiàng)“跟隨技術(shù)進(jìn)步的老題材”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“陳舊的教材和教學(xué)方法”，C選項(xiàng)“規(guī)定的教科書(shū)和不變的系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)多用途教科書(shū)的普遍認(rèn)可”在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：新的教育學(xué)家似乎更青睞_________。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的關(guān)注，而不是更少的關(guān)注素材和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。但是，當(dāng)我說(shuō)“更多”的時(shí)候，我并不是指同樣的數(shù)量上的“更多”。我指的是一種富有想象力的愿景，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的計(jì)劃可以確定最能促進(jìn)每個(gè)年輕人教育成長(zhǎng)的確切主題；），原文表達(dá)的意思是沒(méi)有固定的教材可以促進(jìn)每個(gè)年輕人的成長(zhǎng)，不同的年輕人應(yīng)該使用不同的教育素材，因此A選項(xiàng)“因材施教”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“向青年介紹最新的信息”，C選項(xiàng)“貼近學(xué)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行教學(xué)”，D選項(xiàng)“用新材料補(bǔ)充所有教科書(shū)”，均不符合原文意思，所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：如果_________，將有形成教育空白的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我們不能比傳統(tǒng)教育提供一個(gè)主題更豐富、更多樣和靈活的主體的正確方向，不能在事實(shí)上比傳統(tǒng)教育更加明確，不能判斷針對(duì)這些教育的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對(duì)任何發(fā)生的事情，我們都將可能形成教育空白。），D選項(xiàng)“用靈活的課程替代不變的課程失敗了”說(shuō)法與句意一致。A選項(xiàng)“僵化的學(xué)校課程被徹底改變了”與句意相反。B選項(xiàng)“舊教育的負(fù)面影響只被部分認(rèn)識(shí)到”，在文中沒(méi)有提及，說(shuō)法無(wú)根據(jù)。C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的題材完全取代了新的題材”與句意相反。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：只要_________，學(xué)生們就可以很好地防范不良的社會(huì)影響。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.（不管我們?cè)敢馀c否，年輕人都生活在某種環(huán)境中，而這種環(huán)境不斷地與兒童和青少年帶給它的東西相互影響，其結(jié)果是他們的興趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受誤導(dǎo)的。如果自詡的教育家放棄判斷和選擇在他的理解下有利于成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境的責(zé)任，那么年輕人就會(huì)任由現(xiàn)代社會(huì)環(huán)境中所有無(wú)組織的、隨意的力量擺布，只要他們活著，這些力量就不可避免地會(huì)對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生影響。），所以只有教育者判斷和選擇對(duì)年輕人有利的環(huán)境，才能避免他們受到不良的影響，B選項(xiàng)“老師有足夠的判斷力來(lái)做出正確的選擇”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“教育者放棄他們對(duì)受教育者的責(zé)任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C選項(xiàng)“教師幫助建立有利于學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的條件”，教師只能幫助判斷和選擇環(huán)境，而不是主動(dòng)創(chuàng)造條件，所以C選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。D選項(xiàng)“校長(zhǎng)在聯(lián)合企業(yè)中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并沒(méi)有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.填空題

Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArts.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

【答案】1.1876

2.1981

3.textiles

4.19,137

5.Concerts

4.單選題

AlandingonMarsiswithinthe（

）ofcurrentphysicaltheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dimension“維，尺寸”；volume“量，體積；卷”；magnitude“大小，量級(jí)”；scope“范圍”。句意：登陸火星屬于現(xiàn)代物理理論的范圍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Hisillnessfirst（

）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”；B選項(xiàng)manifest“表明；（病癥）顯現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)reflect“反映；反射”；D選項(xiàng)display“顯示；表現(xiàn)”。句意：他的病最初……為嚴(yán)重的胃痛和頭痛。與“病癥”相關(guān)的“表現(xiàn)癥狀”只有B選項(xiàng)符合。

6.單選題

IntheUSA,85%ofthepopulationovertheageof21approveofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhichstillhavethedeathpenalty,someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeup20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.

ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrimepassion.Thesecondwashangedformurderswhich,itwaslaterprovedhadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse.

Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobbermight,likewise,gobacktobeingunarmed.

Theothertwoargumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaofretributiondemandsthatcriminalsshouldgetwhattheydeserve:ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime.Heshouldaccepttheconsequences.Retributionwhichisjustanotherwordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.

Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenaltyarelargelyhumanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsforopposingit:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.InBritain,1903wastherecordyearforexecutionandyetin1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.Therewasasimilaroccurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywerecorrect,therateshouldhavefallen.

Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatterofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealifethantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvisesforgivenessnotrevenge.

41.Allofthefollowingdeathpenaltymethodsarementionedinthepassageexcept______.

42.Accordingtothefirstfourparagraphs,whichofthefollowingstatementsinnotcorrect?

43.InParagraph3,“deterrence”means______.

44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.

45.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theelectricchair

B.thelethalinjection

C.thepoisonousgas

D.theshooting

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.RuthElliswasshotbyhislover,whichwasregardedasacrimeofpassion.

B.Thedeathpenaltymayhelpthepotentialmurdererstoarousemoralawareness.

C.Theinternationalmurderershouldeathisownbitterfruit.

D.Accordingtothereligiousdoctrine,punishmentshouldbeassevereastheinjury.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.proclamation

B.protest

C.prevention

D.protection

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.neitherthestatenortheindividualhastherighttotakealife

B.thestatehastherighttotakealifebuttheindividualdoesnot

C.thedeathpenaltyhasnothingtodowithindividualconscienceandbelief

D.thedeterrencefigureshasaddedupandtheexecutionratehasfallen

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theargumentinfavorofthedeathpenalty

B.theargumentagainstthedeathpenalty

C.theargumentabouttheabolitionofthedeathpenalty

D.theargumentaboutthereintroductionofthedeathpenalty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“文中提到了下列所有死刑方法，但沒(méi)有提到……”。第一段最后一句說(shuō)講到了現(xiàn)在還在用的一些執(zhí)行死刑的方式，根據(jù)someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeup20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.（一些州使用電椅處決，這可能需要20分鐘，而另一些州則使用毒氣或注射死刑）可知，執(zhí)行死刑的方式是電椅，毒氣和毒藥注射；因此A項(xiàng)“電椅”、B項(xiàng)“致命性注射”和C項(xiàng)“毒氣”均正確；所以選D項(xiàng)“槍擊”。因此，該題選D。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)前四段，下列哪一項(xiàng)敘述是不正確的？”。A項(xiàng)“RuthEllis被自己的愛(ài)人所殺，這被認(rèn)為是沖動(dòng)犯罪”，根據(jù)第二段的第一句話ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrimepassion.（第一個(gè)是RuthEllis的案子，她被處以絞刑，因?yàn)樗龢寶⒘怂那槿?，這被認(rèn)為是一種犯罪沖動(dòng)），可知第一個(gè)被執(zhí)行死刑的是RuthEIHs，她是因?yàn)闅⑺懒俗约旱膼?ài)人而被絞死，而非被自己的愛(ài)人所殺；所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“死刑可以幫助潛在的殺人犯喚起道德意識(shí)”，第三段第二句提到Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.（首先是威懾理論，該理論認(rèn)為，如果潛在的殺人犯知道自己被抓后可能會(huì)喪命，那么他們?cè)趯?shí)施犯罪之前會(huì)三思而后行）可知，實(shí)施死刑可以震懾殺人犯，讓他們?cè)诜缸锴叭级笮?，這就說(shuō)明了死刑可以幫助殺人犯喚起道德意識(shí)，B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“國(guó)際殺人犯應(yīng)該自食其果”，第四段第二句提到ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime.Heshouldaccepttheconsequences.（如果一個(gè)殺人犯故意犯罪，他應(yīng)該承擔(dān)后果），由此可知C項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)“根據(jù)宗教教義，懲罰應(yīng)該和傷害一樣嚴(yán)重”，第四段最后一句提到Retributionwhichisjustanotherwordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.（懲罰，也就是報(bào)復(fù)的另一種說(shuō)法，是由以眼還眼，以牙還牙的宗教教義所支持的），由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。故該題選A。

43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段的deterrence是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第三段第二句whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.（該理論認(rèn)為，如果潛在的殺人犯知道自己被抓后可能會(huì)喪命，那么他們?cè)趯?shí)施犯罪之前會(huì)三思而后行）可知，潛在的殺人犯因?yàn)橹烙兴佬痰拇嬖诰蜁?huì)在犯罪的時(shí)候三思，這說(shuō)明死刑對(duì)殺人犯是一種威懾作用；所以deterrencetheory是威懾理論，deterrence表示“威懾，制止”。A項(xiàng)“公告，宣告”，B項(xiàng)“抗議，反對(duì)”，C項(xiàng)“預(yù)防，阻止”，D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)”。故該題選C正確。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“從最后一段，我們可以知道……”。根據(jù)最后一段Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatterofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealifethantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvisesforgivenessnotrevenge.（反對(duì)死刑的其他原因主要是個(gè)人良心和信仰的問(wèn)題；一是謀殺就是謀殺，國(guó)家和個(gè)人一樣沒(méi)有權(quán)利剝奪生命；另一種是基督教建議寬恕而不是報(bào)復(fù)），可知A項(xiàng)“政府和個(gè)人都沒(méi)有權(quán)利剝奪別人的生命”正確；B項(xiàng)“國(guó)家有權(quán)剝奪一個(gè)人的生命，但個(gè)人卻不能”錯(cuò)誤，國(guó)家也不能剝奪一個(gè)人的生命；C項(xiàng)“死刑與個(gè)人的良心和信仰無(wú)關(guān)”，最后一段第一句就說(shuō)到反對(duì)死刑的其他原因主要是個(gè)人良心和信仰的問(wèn)題，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“威懾?cái)?shù)字增加了，執(zhí)行率下降了”，第五段最后一句提到Ifthedeterrencetheorywerecorrect,therateshouldhavefallen.（如果威懾理論是正確的，那么犯罪率應(yīng)該下降了），可知威懾并沒(méi)有降低犯罪率，所以D項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A正確。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“文章主要是關(guān)于……”。文章前兩段通過(guò)死刑的話題引出下文；第三段是關(guān)于支持死刑的論據(jù)，最后兩段是反對(duì)死刑的論據(jù)。A項(xiàng)“支持死刑的論據(jù)”和B項(xiàng)“反對(duì)死刑的論據(jù)”都只是對(duì)死刑的部分觀點(diǎn)，比較片面；C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于廢除死刑的爭(zhēng)論”，文中沒(méi)有提到過(guò)關(guān)于廢除死刑的爭(zhēng)論；D項(xiàng)“關(guān)于恢復(fù)死刑的爭(zhēng)論”，文章第三段有提及Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.（支持絞刑的游說(shuō)團(tuán)體用四個(gè)主要論據(jù)來(lái)支持其重新引入死刑的呼吁），由此可知全文是圍繞reintroductionofdeathpenalty來(lái)展開(kāi)的一個(gè)論述，因此D項(xiàng)正確。故該題選D。

7.單選題

Theoctopus（章魚(yú)）’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf（吞下）asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.

Thehard,parrot-likebeak（嘴）ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop（扇貝）thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

2.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor（）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehorrorsoftheoctopus

B.thelargestoctopusintheworld

C.octopusandtheirbehavior

D.theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopus

B.theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforit

C.theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeings

D.theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.

B.Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.

C.Theoctopusneverattackspeople.

D.Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingdeep-seadivers

B.cuttinguplargepiecesofmeat

C.cuttingopenitsprey

D.defendingitself

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobe

B.peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothem

C.theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalprey

D.thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelieved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。C選項(xiàng)是貫穿全文的，文章介紹了章魚(yú)和它們的習(xí)性，也解釋了人們對(duì)章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的誤解。消除人們對(duì)章魚(yú)的害怕。從全篇文章的第一段的句子Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.（章魚(yú)確實(shí)是致命的獵手，但只是針對(duì)它的自然獵物。）可知文章介紹了章魚(yú)和它們的習(xí)性，因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)和它們的行為”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)在第一段第一句Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.（章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞——這完全是一個(gè)神話。）根據(jù)這個(gè)我們可以知道，章魚(yú)并不可怕，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)在第一段的第三句butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus（但人太大了，連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣。）這里只是為了證明章魚(yú)并不會(huì)襲擊人類(lèi)，而不是本文的主旨，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)在第一段有提到，但是這也只是一部分內(nèi)容，并不是全文主旨。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段的句子Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.（盡管如此，人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物，好好看一看它們。）可以推斷出人們對(duì)于章魚(yú)有著莫名的恐懼，因此A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)章魚(yú)的恐懼是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)在第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus（但人太大了，連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣），這是文章直接說(shuō)的，并不是隱晦表達(dá)出的，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)是全文都沒(méi)提及的，排除；D選項(xiàng)原文并沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述，只是在第二段講了章魚(yú)的捕食方式，而它們是否惡毒我們不得而知。

3.推理判斷題。定位到第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus（但人太大了，連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣。）通過(guò)這一句話我們知道，章魚(yú)并不會(huì)襲擊人類(lèi)，因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)對(duì)于它們來(lái)說(shuō)太大了，因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)從不攻擊人”正確。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于章魚(yú)的捕獵方式在第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.（章魚(yú)堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來(lái)攻擊深海潛水員的，而是用來(lái)割開(kāi)螃蟹和龍蝦的。事實(shí)上，章魚(yú)的喉嚨非常小，它不能吞下大塊的肉。）可以看出章魚(yú)并沒(méi)有把獵物撕扯開(kāi)，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)在第一段Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfish（蛤蜊、貽貝、螃蟹、龍蝦，還有偶爾生病或不小心的魚(yú)），它們只是偶爾捕食生病或不小心的魚(yú)類(lèi)，而不是經(jīng)常，因此B錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)在第一段Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulfasubmarine（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有大到足以吞沒(méi)一艘潛艇。）因此章魚(yú)并不能吞下一艘潛艇，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters（章魚(yú)堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來(lái)攻擊深海潛水員的，而是用來(lái)割開(kāi)螃蟹和龍蝦的），而螃蟹和龍蝦就是它的食物，因此C選項(xiàng)“剖開(kāi)獵物”正確，而A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B和D均未提及，排除。

5.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段最后一句話Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.（但人類(lèi)是絕對(duì)安全的。盡管如此，人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物，好好看一看它們。）可知對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō)，章魚(yú)是沒(méi)有威脅的；第一段說(shuō)Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration（章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞），也就是人們認(rèn)為它們很危險(xiǎn)，但是實(shí)際上不是，因此A選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)對(duì)人類(lèi)并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣危險(xiǎn)”正確。B、C和D原文都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行描述，因此排除。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.

Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.

Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.

Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.

Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.

Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseisused.Evenwhenstatementslikethisarealreadyfamiliar,theyaremadewithadifferentkindofauthorityinthisbook.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.

2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.

3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.

4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.

5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofadvancedtechnology

B.thequalityofinformation

C.thequalityofprinting

D.theuseofmeasurableevidence

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.collectrelevantdata

B.countwordfrequencies

C.readaswidelyaspossible

D.refertoexistingdictionaries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheexistingwords

B.frequentlyusedwords

C.modernusageofwords

D.awidecoverageofwords

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.collecting

B.presenting

C.preserving

D.processing

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.auser’sguideto

B.anintroductionto

C.aresearchessayon

D.anadvertisementfor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了在______之外，這本詞典不同于其他大多數(shù)詞典。

A.theuseofadvancedtechnologyA.在使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面

B.thequalityofinformationB.信息的質(zhì)量

C.thequalityofprintingC.印刷質(zhì)量

D.theuseofmeasurableevidenceD.使用可衡量的證據(jù)

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“編寫(xiě)這本詞典所使用的是新的和先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)。對(duì)于使用者來(lái)說(shuō)，信息的種類(lèi)不同，信息的質(zhì)量不同，信息的呈現(xiàn)方式也不同?！笨芍?，這本詞典在信息種類(lèi)、質(zhì)量、呈現(xiàn)方式以及編纂時(shí)使用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)方面與其他詞典不同；然后根據(jù)第三段第二句“這意味著，除了傳統(tǒng)詞典編纂者使用的所有工具外（包括廣泛的英語(yǔ)閱讀和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，其他詞典，當(dāng)然還