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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-晉中職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.填空題

Mikeleft(

)sayinggoodbye.Doyouthinkhewasupset?

【答案】Without

【解析】語義題。句意:邁克道別就走了。你認為他是不是生氣了?邁克可能是因為生氣,于是沒有道別就離開了,填without。

2.單選題

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnards(腸胃)arediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithascertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespected.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecomingmysteriousanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumorististhattheyarereallyverysadpeopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingswittilycalledthem,“tireboots”).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsorts,withhisupmomentsandhisdownmoments,andyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristtotastethesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcrying,andifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepointwherehisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealm,itisbecausehumor,likepoetry,hasanextracontent.ItplaysclosetothebighotfirewhichisTruth,andsometimesthereaderfeelstheheat.

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.

問題1選項

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumor

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalue

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientific

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthor

問題2選項

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumor

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumor

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubbles

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhile

問題3選項

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughableway

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholy

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfully

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart

問題4選項

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurface

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymoments

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcrying

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmic

問題5選項

A.parallelism

B.metaphors

C.metonymy

D.similes

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【選項釋義】

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.11.在第一段,作者想說______。

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumorA.就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣,分析家也可以解剖幽默

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalueB.詳細的,科學(xué)的分析不適合幽默,因為它可能會使幽默失去它的審美價值

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientificC.有些人對幽默的分析太科學(xué)了

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthorD.分析者對幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段,在第二句提到“幽默是可以被解剖的,就像青蛙一樣,但是在解剖的過程中,幽默就蕩然無存”,我們可以得知,幽默可以像青蛙一樣被科學(xué)地解剖,但是這樣會使得幽默失去其價值,B項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣,分析家也可以解剖幽默”雖然在文中提到了,但并不是作者真正表達的意思,屬于張冠李戴;

C選項“有些人對幽默的分析太科學(xué)了”和D選項“分析者對幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣”并沒有體現(xiàn),屬于無中生有。

12.【選項釋義】

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.12.作者以吹肥皂泡機為例,說明______。

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumorA.產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumorB.過分夸張或絕對直白都不適合幽默

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubblesC.人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhileD.幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時間

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,倒數(shù)第四句提到“幽默有點像這樣(likethat):它經(jīng)不起過分夸張,也經(jīng)不起過多的直截了當(dāng)”,由likethat可以推斷,這里是與上文的吹肥皂泡機的描述進行類比,所以作者以吹肥皂泡機為例,是為了說明幽默既不適合過分夸張也不適合直截了當(dāng),B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧”沒有提到,無中生有;

C選項“人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)”不符合原文分析,曲解原文;

D選項“幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時間”沒提到,無中生有。

13.【選項釋義】

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.13.根據(jù)作者的說法,幽默家與普通人的不同之處在于______。

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughablewayA.他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholyB.他們生活中有很多煩惱,他們很憂郁

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfullyC.他們更能感受生活的悲傷,他們能愉快地忍受和表達痛苦

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheartD.他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“我認為,更準確的說法是,每個人的生活中都流淌著一股深深的憂郁之脈,而幽默家或許比其他人更能體會到這一點,他們會積極而肯定地彌補這一點”,以及第五句“他們懷著良好的愿望與痛苦斗爭,愉快地忍受痛苦,因為他們知道這將在不久的將來給他們帶來幸?!?,綜合理解可知,幽默家和普通人的內(nèi)心同樣都有憂郁,但是幽默家更明智,他們會積極的去彌補它,愉快地面對痛苦,用幽默的語言將痛苦表達出來。C項符合這一分析,C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷”表達不全面,以偏概全;

B選項“他們生活中有很多煩惱,他們很憂郁”曲解原文,作者認為每個人的人生中都有憂郁和悲傷;

D選項“他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑”反向干擾,作者在第三段前兩句提到“說幽默家是小丑是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

14.【選項釋義】

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.14.一篇幽默的文章會讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信,因為______。

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurfaceA.它以一種閃閃發(fā)光的表面表達了人生悲哀的真諦

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymomentsB.每個人都有快樂和不快樂的時候

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcryingC.笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmicD.它就像詩歌,非常有節(jié)奏

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先根據(jù)題干中的信息Ahumorouspieceofwriting定位至最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“如果一篇幽默的文章讓一個人的情緒反應(yīng)不值得信任,似乎有可能突破到相反的領(lǐng)域,那是因為幽默,像詩歌一樣,有額外的內(nèi)容”,以及最后一句“它靠近熊熊烈火,也就是真理,有時讀者也能感受到它的熱度”,從中可知,一篇幽默的文章會讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信,是因為它有隱含的內(nèi)容,即它表達了悲哀的真理;而在上一段最后一句指出“在這些困境的閃閃發(fā)光的表面下(thesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmas),涌動著人類苦難的洪流”,綜合理解,幽默的文章使讀者情感不可信是因為在閃閃發(fā)光的表面下暗藏著悲哀的真相,A項符合這一分析。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“每個人都有快樂和不快樂的時候”和題干無關(guān),張冠李戴;

C選項“笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別”與原文表述不符,原文提到的是aratherfineline(相當(dāng)微妙的界限),該項屬于反向干擾;

D選項“它就像詩歌,非常有節(jié)奏”的前半部分有提到,但后半部分屬于無中生有。

15.【選項釋義】

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.15.這篇文章的成功在于它對______的廣泛使用。

A.parallelismA.排比

B.metaphorsB.隱喻

C.metonymyC.轉(zhuǎn)喻

D.similesD.明喻

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文,由第二段肥皂泡機和幽默的比喻,以及最后一段詩歌和幽默的比喻,可知作者在文中多次使用明喻的修辭手法,使文章生動、形象和具體,給讀者留下鮮明深刻的印象,所以D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“排比”、B選項“隱喻”和C選項“轉(zhuǎn)喻”屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged()howgreattheirachievementsare.

問題1選項

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inspiteof盡管;infavorof有利于,支持;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在…方面。許多科學(xué)家和工程師從他們所取得的成就來被評價,只有D項符合題意。

4.翻譯題

中國人最懂得消遣。中國人從前的讀書人,閑暇時間以琴棋書畫作為消遣。在中國人看來,藝術(shù)品的好壞,意味著作者人格的高低,所以彈琴、下棋、寫字和繪畫,都代表了一個人的修養(yǎng)。彈琴不是要做音樂家,而是隨著美妙的琴聲,進入一個遼闊的世界,凈化自己的心靈。

【答案】TheChinesehavethebestpastime.Inthepast,Chinesescholarsusedtoplaythepiano,chess,calligraphyandpaintingintheirsparetime.IntheeyesofTheChinesepeople,thequalityofworksofartmeanstheleveloftheauthor’spersonality,soplayingthepiano,playingchess,writingandpaintingallrepresentaperson’scultivation.Playingthepianoisnottobeamusician,butwiththewonderfulsound,intoavastworld,purifytheirownmind.

5.單選題

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully()pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

問題1選項

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Bred繁殖,飼養(yǎng);expanded擴張;exerted運用,發(fā)揮;availed有利,有用。句意:只有中國人成功地繁殖了熊貓,并在圈養(yǎng)環(huán)境下哺育熊貓幼崽。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項ensure“保證,確保(側(cè)重使人相信某個行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果);使安全”;B選項guarantee“保證;擔(dān)保(指對事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證)”;C選項assure“保證;擔(dān)保(側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心,從而有達到目的的保證感);使確信;弄清楚”;D選項fulfill“履行;實現(xiàn);滿足;使結(jié)束”。句意:為了___反對暴政的自由,我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達“確保達到反對暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”?

問題1選項

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問題2選項

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問題3選項

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問題4選項

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問題5選項

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.(然而,在認知方面,人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜:緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點后,勝利出現(xiàn)。),可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?,最終卻能勝利,所以B選項“他們一開始落后,然后慢慢地趕上來了”正確,D選項“他們的認知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達的重點,故錯誤。A選項“他們能掌控自己”和C選項“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.(和高貴的烏龜不同,嬰兒是無助的,更確切地說,是絕望的。即使他們嘗試,他們也學(xué)不到獨立生存所必需的基本技能。),可知人類嬰兒無助是因為A選項“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”:根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!(但是,如果說有什么不同的話,那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹?。?,這里是說人和貓的不同,而不是解釋為什么人類嬰兒無助,故錯誤。C選項“他們不像烏龜那樣固執(zhí)”和D選項“他們不像其他物種的嬰兒一樣快速學(xué)習(xí)”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.(我們大腦皮層發(fā)育遲緩恰恰是我們獲得文化基礎(chǔ)的原因,比如語言……的確,這三人清楚地表明,我們早期的脆弱是一種進化上的“工程權(quán)衡”,就像人類的喉頭一樣——雖然喉頭有助于人類復(fù)雜的語言表達,但對于任何想要安全吞下食物的人來說,它實際上是一種相當(dāng)不穩(wěn)定的適應(yīng)。同樣,他們認為,我們學(xué)習(xí)語言的能力是以長期認知不成熟為代價的。),這里舉喉頭的例子表明長期認知不成熟是為了獲得文化,所以C選項“解釋我們早期認知不成熟的原因”正確。A選項“為了顯示人類喉部的特殊功能”,B選項“強調(diào)人類語言的重要性”和D選項“表明人類如何發(fā)展語言”:不是表達的重點,故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

34.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段ThePFC…functionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.(PFC……在功能上似乎與一系列復(fù)雜的計劃和注意力驅(qū)動的行為密切相關(guān)。事實上,它經(jīng)常被稱為大腦的“控制”中心。它的主要功能之一似乎是有選擇地過濾來自感官的信息,讓我們專注于特定的行動、目標或任務(wù)。),可知PFC的功能是B選項“幫助執(zhí)行復(fù)雜的計劃和注意力驅(qū)動的行為”,同時PFC過濾來自感官的信息,故A選項“從感官收集信息”錯誤。C選項“控制大腦其他區(qū)域的發(fā)展”和D選項“使人類能夠執(zhí)行高級任務(wù)”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.(不管棘手與否,健康的成年人只要稍有猶豫就能成功完成這項任務(wù)。),可知成年人完成任務(wù)時有猶豫的情況,所以D選項“成年人可以毫不猶豫地完成任務(wù)”正確。根據(jù)第六段第二句Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.(通常情況下,年齡越小的孩子,在完成Stroop任務(wù)方面表現(xiàn)得越差,而不到四歲的孩子,就會徹底失敗。)和最后一句Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.(根本無法指導(dǎo)三歲的孩子如何注意或回應(yīng)這個世界。),所以孩子會因為不能理解題目而不能完成測試,A選項“孩子會因為無法理解任務(wù)要求而失敗”符合文章意思,故錯誤。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity(“認知控制”任務(wù)被認為是評估PFC功能和成熟度的最佳指標之一)和第五段第一句TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.(Stroop任務(wù)是一個簡單的評估成年人的PFC功能的任務(wù)。),可知Stroop任務(wù)用來評估PFC的成熟度,B選項“這個任務(wù)經(jīng)常被用來評估PFC的成熟度”符合文章意思,故錯誤。根據(jù)第五段第二句Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.(這項任務(wù)包括說出一個對比色單詞的墨水顏色:例如,你可能會看到單詞“紅”是用綠色墨水寫的,在這種情況下,你必須說“綠”),可知在這個測試中,受試者必須說顏色而不是單詞,C選項“這個任務(wù)要求受試者做出與有知識的人相反的反應(yīng)”符合文章意思,故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Myfatherdecidestomakemegobacktocollegeimmediately,studymylessonscarefully,and(

).

問題1選項

A.amaster’sdegreemustattained

B.mustattainmymaster'sdegree

C.attainmymaster’sdegree

D.mymaster’sdegreebeattained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:父親決定讓我立刻回到學(xué)校,認真學(xué)習(xí)課程,并獲得碩士學(xué)位。

語法題。考查并列的動詞短語。由表示并列的and可知所填成分應(yīng)與“studymylessonscarefully”結(jié)構(gòu)一致,故選C。

9.單選題

Thesuccessofaspeechisoftenattributedtotheskillofthespeaker,withmeritbeinggiventospeakerswhoareconfident,articulate,knowledgeableandabletodeliveraspeechwithconviction.

Butoftenitisnotthespeakerswhowritethesemovingspeeches,itisaspeechwriter.Andoneindustryinwhichthispractiseiscommonisthatofpolitics.Sowhatdoesittaketobeapoliticalspeechwriter?

WellaccordingtoarecentjobadvertisementfromtheUSEmbassyinBritain,apoliticalspeechwriterneedstohaveexceptionalinterpersonalskills,bedetailorientedandabletodemonstrateadeepknowledgeoftheirsubject.Theymustalsoworkcloselywithspeakersandbeabletorelatetotheirstyle.

Somebelievethatthebestspeechwritershaveaninherenttalent,anaturalcreativeinstinct,andthatspeechwritingisanartform.Sowhataboutthoseofuswhodonotpossesssuchgenius?Canwestillproducesuccessfulspeeches?

InaninterviewwiththeBBC,DrMaxAtkinson(acommunicationsspecialist)outlinedanumberofspeechwritingtechniques.Healsoillustratedhowthesetechniqueshavebeenusedinhistoricspeeches.

Onesuchtechniqueisintroducingcontrast.Thisisextremelyusefulwhenpresentingapositivespinonanegativeissue.OneofthemostfamousexamplesofthiscanbeseeninaspeechgivenbyformerAmericanPresidentJohnF.Kennedy:“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyoubutwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”

Anothertechniqueistheuseofthree-partlists.DrAtkinsonexplainsthatthiscanbeanexcellentwayofaddingfinalityorconfirmingastatement.FormerBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairwasafanofthistechnique.Oneofhismostfamouscampaignsloganswas“education,education,education”.

Thesetechniquescanbeusedliketools-theycanbechosenfromatoolboxandappliedasnecessary.Afewothertechniquesyoumightfindinaspeechwriter’stoolboxmightbetheuseofimagery,anecdotesandalliteration.

Sonexttimeyouhavetoprepareaspeechorpresentation,tryapplyingoneormoreofthesetechniquesandseeifyouhavewhatittakestobeawinningspeechwriter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulspeakershould().

2.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthegeniusthebestpoliticalspeechwritersshouldpossess.

3.InthespeechgivenbyformerAmericanpresidentJohnF.Kennedy,thetechniqueof()isused.

4.Tobeawinningspeechwriter,oneshoulduse().

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.haveawiderangeofknowledge

B.bekindandfriendly

C.befullofconfidence

D.bothAandC

問題2選項

A.Tobeeloquent.

B.Tohaveanaturalcreativeinstinct.

C.Tohaveaninherenttalent.

D.Tobedetailoriented.

問題3選項

A.three-partlist

B.introducingcontrast

C.imagery

D.anecdotes

問題4選項

A.onlyoneofthetechniques

B.morethanonetechniques

C.allthetechniques

D.oneormoreofthetechnique

問題5選項

A.Theimportanceofaspeechwriter.

B.Techniquesusedinspeechwriting.

C.Howtobeasuccessfulspeechwriter.

D.Thegeniuspossessedbyaspeechwriter.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Thesuccessofaspeechisoftenattributedtotheskillofthespeaker,withmeritbeinggiventospeakerswhoareconfident,,articulate,knowledgeableandabletodeliveraspeechwithconviction”,成功的演講往往是由于演講者的技巧,他是自信的,口齒清晰的,知識淵博的,能夠滿懷信心地發(fā)表演講。由此可知,演講者是知識淵博并且自信的。因此D選項符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。定位到文章第二段和第三段,“apoliticalspeechwriterneedstohaveexceptionalinterpersonalskills,bedetailorientedandabletodemonstrate”中可了解到講稿撰寫人是需要注重細節(jié)的,“Somebelievethatthebestspeechwritershaveinherenttalent,anaturalcreativeinstinct,andthatspeechwritingisanartform”有些人認為,最好的演講稿撰寫人是天生的天賦,是天生的創(chuàng)造能力,演講稿寫作是一門藝術(shù)。因此選擇A。

3.事實細節(jié)題。定位到文章第五段,“Onesuchtechniqueisintroducingcontrast.Thisisextremelyusefulwhenpresentingapositivespinonanegativeissue.OneofthemostfamousexamplesofthiscanbeseeninaspeechgivenbyformerAmericanPresidentJohnF.Kennedy…”其中一種方法是引入對比。當(dāng)對一個消極的問題產(chǎn)生積極的影響時,這是非常有用的。最著名的例子可以在美國前總統(tǒng)約翰?肯尼迪……由此可知約翰?肯尼迪使用的是引入對比法,因此選項B符合題意。

4.事實細節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段,“tryapplyingoneormoreofthesetechniquesandseeifyouhavewhatittakestobeawinningspeechwriter”由此可知一位成功的撰稿者是需要一項以上的技巧的,因此選項D正確。

5.主旨大意題。整篇文章介紹了政治演講稿撰稿人的所擁有的特質(zhì)以及如何成為一個出色的政治演講稿的撰寫人。因此選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

PopularintheUKaretheolderruinsatthecastle’sedge,knownas“theabbey”:Twosmallcells,()withivy,crumblingandopentothesky.

問題1選項

A.strewn

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.crammed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項strewn“撒滿的,散播的”;B選項loaded“載著重物的”;C選項permeated“彌漫的,遍布的”,多指氣味彌漫或液體滲透;D選項crammed“擠滿的”。句意:在英國很受歡迎的是城堡邊緣的古老廢墟,被稱為“修道院”:兩個小隔間,散布著常春藤,搖搖欲墜,朝向天空。選項A符合句意。

11.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduat

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