初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

資料資料初中被動語態(tài)語法講解語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done一般過去對：was/were+done一般將來時(shí)：shall/will+bedone一般過去將來對：should/would+bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行對：was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+done過去完成時(shí)：had+been+done將來完成時(shí)：shall/will+havebeen+done過去將來完成對：should/would+havebeen+done［注］被動語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.一般過去時(shí)：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten一般將來時(shí)：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.過去將來時(shí)：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.過去完成時(shí)：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.被動語態(tài)的使用當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語?！癕r.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.（六）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語fIwasinvited（bymyaunt）toherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.fAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地名詞作狀語。（七）語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)點(diǎn)名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)時(shí)，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.（正確）Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.（錯(cuò)誤）含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。（1）Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.（2）Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。（1）Anewskirtwasmadeforme.（2）Themeatwascookedforus.（3）Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+介詞，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2)Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.fTheclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.fWeweretoldtofollowherinstruetions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to,這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.fHeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí),被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時(shí)，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時(shí)不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn'tcookwell.(主動句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動句)下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitaibuilding.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……Itisreportedthat…據(jù)推測……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍認(rèn)為……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……Itissuggestedthat…(1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenA.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensang()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismaking()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensang()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismaking()5.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areused()6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekept()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.isoftensungD.ismadeD.haveusedD.tokeepD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.D.bebuilding)10.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed)11.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished)12.Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeakingA.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuilt()9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft(((()13.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten)14.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.___thesedesksbeneeded?B.AreC.Hastotalkaboutityesterday?A.Will)18.WhyA.didn'tameetingholdC.wasn'theldameeting)19.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wrote)20.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.were)21.Theflowers___often.D.DoB.wasn'tameetingheldD.ameetingwasn'theldC.writtenD.writtenbyB.AreC.Hastotalkaboutityesterday?A.Will)18.WhyA.didn'tameetingholdC.wasn'theldameeting)19.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wrote)20.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.were)21.Theflowers___often.D.DoB.wasn'tameetingheldD.ameetingwasn'theldC.writtenD.writtenbyC.isD.amA.mustbewaterB.mustbewatered)22.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowed)23.ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmended)24.TheoldbridgeinmyhometownA.isgoingtoberebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltC.mustwateredC.keepC.canbemendnextmonth.B.willrebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt)25.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownshown()26.Theoldstonebridge___nextweekA.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuildD.mustwaterD.borrowD.canbemendC.willshowD.is()27.Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28.Thepot___for___hotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeep()29.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrown()30.Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuilt()31.Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweatherA.hangB.hangedC.hanging()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingD.areused;keepD.willgrowD.wasbuiltD.hungC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33.Theteapot___waterA.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37.Theywere___atthesuddennoise.

A.frighteningB.frightened()38.Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.frightenD.frightensC.aremadeintoD.madeinto)39.C.frightenD.frightensC.aremadeintoD.madeintoA.calledB.wasaskedC.told)40.Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown)41.Thecoat___hersister.D.wassaidD.haveshownD.wassaidD.haveshownD.wasmadeto()42.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgiven()43.Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingtakenof()44.Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.wasgivenD.shouldbeD.betaken;ofD.doneD.wasmadeD.sawtoD.isfittedD.iscostedD.hadD.doneD.wasmadeD.sawtoD.isfittedD.iscostedD.hadD.hadtakenplaceD.hasbrokenA.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.wereyou()45.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.did()46.Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanclean()47.Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseen()48.Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fits()49.Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.cost()50.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.held()51.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplace()52.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbaddown()53.Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.D.brokenD.brokenD.werewritingD./;closehappened()54.Thewatchhasoften___down.C.brokenD.fellC.brokenD.fell()55.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.broke()56.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewritten/