2019高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧語文

第第頁高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧（1）一、高考英語改錯(cuò)題的常見錯(cuò)誤類型1、謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子完整性3、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問題4、上下文語意和代詞5、介詞固定搭配6、固定（習(xí)慣）用法7、形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級是否正確；8、冠詞。取舍與選擇是否正確9、連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞10、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確短文改錯(cuò)口訣短文改錯(cuò)要做好，常見類型要記牢。名詞愛考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯(cuò)”，“多”，“少”。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂搭配莫錯(cuò)了。連，代，形，副錯(cuò)一樣，多是故意來混淆。介詞多半考搭配，多，漏，誤用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，從句多考關(guān)系詞。語法句法均未錯(cuò)，邏輯推理去尋找二、命題趨勢詞法錯(cuò)誤、句法錯(cuò)誤和行文邏輯，一致關(guān)系：包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致等。平行結(jié)構(gòu)：包括動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配不定式與不定式相配等。常由并列連詞或詞組連接口：and,or,but,neither...nor..aswellas等.3?非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法：如to的省略，過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的誤用等。4．多余詞：常常是介詞、副詞等的多余。5．詞性的混用。6．行文邏輯判斷等?！岸涛母腻e(cuò)意識原則”表個(gè)數(shù)/類型10改錯(cuò)具體內(nèi)容多缺詞2-3be的各種形式、介詞、冠詞、不定式符號、二大從句引出詞、代詞、副詞、固定搭配中的虛詞錯(cuò)詞8-7連詞、三大從句引導(dǎo)詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等嘗試原則表類型具體內(nèi)容動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂致；非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式、分詞動(dòng)名詞)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)(單數(shù)是否與不定冠詞連用，復(fù)數(shù)形式是否正確)冠詞到底是用定冠詞、不定冠詞還是零冠詞連詞行文邏輯即上下文意義是否連貫致；二大從句引出詞是否正確詞性斷定所需詞到底是形容詞還是副詞或名詞注意：所改內(nèi)容應(yīng)最貼近原文；可改可不改的，按不改對待。三、短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤類型:一)詞法的測試名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。eg:1)Ihavemanyhobby,suchasfootball,sing,listenmusic.Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;playingfootball是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，football只是一種球；sing和listento要用動(dòng)名詞形式。Doexercisesdogoodtoourhealthy.exercise作運(yùn)動(dòng)講是不可數(shù)名詞，doexercise作主語要用動(dòng)名詞形式，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞，這里要用名詞形式。Readingbooksisoneofmyhobby.oneof后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。Hedrovetoofast,andthepolicestoppedher.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應(yīng)將her改為him.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that而不是which。冠詞：英語中只有三個(gè)冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒有用，不該用時(shí)卻用了；該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.1meanttowriteletterandtellyouallthethings…letter為可數(shù)名詞，故write后應(yīng)加a.Ilikeplayingthefootball.去theHeisahonestboy.a改為an介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.thanksb.forsth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with改為forI'mthehappiestinall.此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為of.Underthehelpofmyfather,I.under改為withHewenttoBeijinginnextSunday.in改為on形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是常考的改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。IhadnotinterestinEerest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名詞ThesearethehappiergirlsI'veeverseen.(NMET2019)此處有I'veeverseen限定，應(yīng)用最高級，故happier應(yīng)改為happiest.Youcanborrowabookveryeasy.easy改為easily.Thesebooksareveryworthreading.用well修飾連詞：短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and,or,but,notonly.butalso.,.not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,aswellas等。1)Asithasbeenrainingthesedays,sowehavedecidedtoputoffoursportsmeeting.由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so去掉。2)Thepopulationisgrowing,buttheearthmustsupporttoomanypeople.根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個(gè)并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.takephotos動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時(shí).Thebookyouborrowedfromthelibraryshouldreturnedinfivedays.根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Inschool,Ioftenplayingfootballformyfriends.playing改為play;for改為with易混動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤Ipersuadedhimtostopsmoking,buthedidn'tlisten.persuade意為“說服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句hedidn'tlisten可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為advised.b.Youpleaseriseyourhands.rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用raiseyourhands.這屬于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的誤用。非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤Wearelookingforwardtoseeyouonthebirthdayparty.lookforwardto中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞，將see改為seeing.I'msorryIkeepyouwaitforalongtime.Igotcaughtinthetraffic.在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keepdoingsth.;keepsb.(sth).doingsth.;keep...fromdoing...等.I'dliketoyourpenfriend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形，不能直接用to.詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.keepadiary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.Inmysurprise,hedidverywellinhispreviousjob.Toone'ssurprise是固定搭配Ithoughtthatwasdulltowatchagame.(NMET2019)此題考查it的功能，It+be+adj.+todo為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。..theactivitiesarenotonlyenjoyableandalsohelpful.解析：notonly.butalso.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and改為but.Ihavenodifficultylearnmaths.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)6）Hespendstoomuchtimeplaygames.spendsometime（in）doingsth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)（二）句法的測試：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；Ihopeeverythingareokwithyou.are改為is名詞性從句；Amancameuptohimandaskedthatheneeded.that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。定語從句；Thiswouldsavethelifeofmanyanimals,someofthenhavealmostdiedout.them改為which強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who...Itwasin1949whenhejoinedthearmy.when改為that句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。（三）語篇的測試語篇的測試包括：上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞是否一致；上下文中的邏輯是否一致；上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。四、復(fù)習(xí)建議：除了多做改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)外，也要做與短文改錯(cuò)題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比如：在平時(shí)寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯(cuò)誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時(shí)也可有意識地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯(cuò)”。3.平時(shí)還可以多進(jìn)行單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，逐漸體會和把握短文改錯(cuò)這一題型的規(guī)律。（一）改前通讀全文,切忌拿來就改，這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目標(biāo)是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件四要素，在通讀全文理解全文的同時(shí)把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯(cuò)誤先改好（二）分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)。在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個(gè)句子，這時(shí)就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇（詳見考查要點(diǎn)）角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及到以上錯(cuò)誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。（三）做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習(xí)慣的問題。改錯(cuò)真題（2019?陜西卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactor.Ididn'thavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometoget.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandactorcouldn'tbeseeneverywhere.Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding.Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme!Icouldn'tbelievemyluck-notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!（2019?全國II）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）DearGeorge,It'sbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenow76.backhome.Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaround77.yourcityandprovidingusforthewonderfulmeals.After78.wesaidgoodbyetoyou,wewenttoWashingtonD.C.,79.wherewestayedforthreedays.Mybrotherwassomuchfond80.ofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostaying81．a(chǎn)nothercoupleofday.However,myfatherhadtoreturnto82.workonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.It83．wasreallyaniceexperience.Ifyou'dliketomaketripto84.ourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.85.Yours,Mike（2019?四川卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthe66.morningandwasalwayslatewithwork..Hisbosswantedto67.firehimifhedidn'tstartcomingontime,buthewentto68.thedoctorforahelp.Thedoctorgavehimsome69.medicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.70.Themandidistoldandslept.leallywill,wakeupbefore71.thealarmhadevengoneoff.Hehadtimeforaproperly72.breakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.“Boss,”he73.said,”thatmedicinereallyworks!”“I'mpleasingtohear74.it,”saidhisboss,“butwherewereyouyesterday?”（2019?全國新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangZhou.IwasgoingtovisitafriendhereandafterthatIwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.IboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfromthefloorandthenIrealizedthatsomeonehadstolenit.LuckilyIhadallmymoneyonmypocket,buttheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelenttomelotsofclothes.IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.（2019?重慶卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1份，滿分10分）TodayisSunday.I'vebeeninCanadafortwomonths.ThisisthefirsttimethatI'vebeenawaymyfamilyforsucha76.longtime.WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme,I've77.soongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.Katia,like78.manyotherRussiangirls,areniceandlively.Webecame79.friendsshortlyafterwemeeteachother.AlthoughherEnglish80.isalittlehardlytounderstand,weenjoychattingandwe81.usuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.We'rebothsurprised82.thatChinesecultureorRussianculturearesodifferent.Now,83.weareplanningasmallpartyforthenextSunday.There,Katia84.willintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeen85.toChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan'twait.【答案】LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.Ididn'thavemymakingactorscamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometogetA.Unfortunately,so/anditbythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandactorcouldn'tbeseenhadeverywhere.IwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutAaanywheredisappointedofbuilding.Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme!Icouldn'tbelievemyluck-notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!have（2019?全國II）76.aftersince77.themus78.forwith79.正確80.去掉much81.stayingstay82.daydays83.flyflew84.trip前a85.bettermore（2019?四川卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）66、改troubles為trouble67、改with為for68、改but為so69、去a70、改them為it71、改wake為waking72、改properly為proper73、reach前加to74、改pleasing為pleased75、7（2019?全國新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyabuy改為buyingtickettoHangZhou.IwasgoingtovisitafriendhereandafterthatIwouldgotohere改為thereXiamenforAlongholiday.Iboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfor后加Abut改為andfromthefloorandthenIrealizedthatsomeonehad