2022年云南大學(xué)英語考試真題卷18測

2022年云南大學(xué)英語考試真題卷（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時間為!80分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位:姓名: 考號:題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項選擇題（共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項中,只有一個最符合題意）1.WhenSecretaryofStateCondoIeezzaRicestoodbesideAfghanPresidentHamidKarzai,shemadeanenlightenedstatementaboutcuttingAfghanistan'sopiumproduction,saying:nItisaprobIemthattookawhiIetodeveIop,anditwi11taketimetoendtheproblem.MRice'sstatementinMarchistheclearestconfirmationyetofagradualmminU.S.policysinceearly2004,whentheBushadministrationandCongresswerecallingforanimmediatecrackdownonAfghanistan'sbiggestcashcrop.HerstatementshowstheUnitedStates'newpatienceandacceptancethatitwi11taketimeforademocraticAfghanistantoeliminateopiumproduction.WhentheUnitedStatesearIierpushedKarzaitoimmediateIyendopiumproductioninhiswar-tomcountry-withoutinstitutingtherepressivetacticsthathistoricallyhaveledtorapidsuccess-theUnitedStateswasgivingtheAfghanleaderavirtuallyimpossibIetask.AfghanistancouldpleasetheUnitedStatesonlybyaggressiveactionthatwouldfurtherimpoverishitsalreadypoorpopuIationandunderminethegovernment'slegitimacy.TheTaiibanannouncedabanongrowingpoppies—thesourceofopium-inAfghanistaninJuly2000,sayingthisreflectedtheteachingsoftheKoran.AlreadyfearedbyAfghansforitsbrutality,theTaiibanachievedcompIiancewithitspoppybanbytearingupthefieldsofafewearlyproducerswhoviolatedtheban,therebyshowingthatthegovernmentwasserious.TheresultoftheTaliban'sorderwasadramaticreductioninAfghanopiumproduction,whichfelIfrom3,600tonsin2000tojust185tonsin2001.Thiscausedworldopiumproductiontofa11bymorethan60percent.Thiswasn'tthefirsttimethatlargeandrapidreductionsinopiumproductionhavebeenachievedbymassivegovernmentrepression.WhentheCommuniststookpowerinChinain1949,thenationwasamajoropiumproducerandsufferedfromwhatmayhavebeentheworld'sworstopiumconsumptionproblem.WithintwoyearsofapoIicecrackdownonopiumproductionandconsumption-resultinginmassexecutionsandimprisonments-opiumproductionandusehadessentiallydisappearedinChina.TheIslamicRevoIutionin1979inIranusedsomeofthesamepolice-sIatetacticsasChinatoeliminatethelargeproductionandconsumptionofopiumthathadprevailedundertheruleoftheshahofIran.Thisyeartheremaybeyetanother,sIightIylessdramaticinstanceofsuccessfulreduction.Myanmar,formerlyknownasBurma,istheworld'ssecond-largestproducerofopiurn.Arebelmovement,theUnitedWaStateArmy,hascontrolofthemajorpoppy-growingareasandhasalreadyreducedproductionbythree-quartersinthepastsixyears,witharealisticpromisetoendproductionbyJunethisyear.IthasaccompIishedthismostlybyforciblereIocationofsome100,000peasantfarmingfamiIieswhogrowpoppies.ButifAfghanistan'scurrentgovernmentresortedtothetacticsoftheTaiiban,theChineseCommunists,Iran,sdictatorshipandtherebelsinMyanmartoendopiumproduction,itwouldrightIybecondemnedbytheUnitedStatesandotherdemocraticnations.Thisisbecauseineachofthesuccessfulcrackdownsonopiurn,authoritiesreIiedonmethodsthataresimplynotacceptabIeinademocraticnation,nomatterhownoblethepurpose.Thesuccessofanti-opiurncampaignsinmorepoliticallyopensettingsismuchmoregradual.Thailand,onceamajorworldopiumproducer,istheIeadingexampIe.AcombinationofgeneraleconomicdeveIopmentandtargetedprograms-bothcropsubstitutionandlawenforcement-ledThaiIandtoaImostenditsopiumproductionoveraperiodofmorethanadecade.Pakistan,alsoaformerlysignificantproducer,hasmanagedtoalmostentirelyexitopiumproductionoverasimilarperiod,notwithstandingarecentupturninpoppyharvests.Goingaftertraffickersratherthanfarmers,albeitpoliticallymuchmoreacceptabIe,isevenmoredifficult.Fewgovernments,authoritarianorotherwise,havehadahighdegreeofsuccessinthisarena.Whileendingpoppyproduction,IranandPakistanarestillmajordragtraffickers.TherecentThaicrackdown,withtheextra-judicialkillingof2,000drugdealersinlessthanayear,seemstohavelesseneddomesticdrugusebutdoesnotofferaheIpfuImodelforademocracy-buiIdingAfghanistan.SecretaryRice1scalIforpatienceinthefightagainstopiumproductioninAfghanistanshowsanacceptanceofthediIemmaAfghanistanfacesandisanencouragingindicationthattheU.S.governmenthaslearnedfromhistory.WhichoneisnotthereasonwhyAfghanistangovernmentcannoteIiminateopiumquicklyOpiumiscloselyrelatedwiththeeconomysituationofAfghanistanpeopleItisahardjobwhichneedstimeAfghanistanisnotademocraticcountryItisaproblemleftbyhistoryanditneedmorepatienceGoingForth,TheNationsMultiplyUnevenIyDespitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth'spopuIationisboomingaheadtonewrecords-withnoendinsight.Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopIetopopuIateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworIdcitizensequalsthepopuIationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90mi11ionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopuIationofGermany.SeveralfactorsarepropelIingthisrapidgrowth,includinganeIementthatisoftenoverlooked:thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.InfourAfricannations-Niger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast-1outofevery5adolescentfemaIesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshasheIpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.BystartingafamiIyearly,atypicaIwomanisSomaIia,forinstance,hassevenchiIdrenduringherIifetime.Equa11ylargefamiIiesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertiIityisstrife-tomRwanda(whereatypicaImotherhasatleasteightorninechiIdren.WhilepopuIationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica'sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.Thisissue-"babieshavingbabies"-hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueIedanexpansionofthestatefederalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonIymodestIyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.OveralI,thefertiIityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementIeveI.AIthoughtheUSpopuIationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260mi11iontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwi11courtfromimmigration.TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofIeetotheUSbecauseofmiIitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwi11cuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.ThedecIineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepubIicfwhererateswiIIdipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent,hiThaiIandwhichalreadyhadIowbirthrates,AIDSwiIIdrivepopuIationdownwardto0.8percentayear.Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwi11lowerpopuIationsby121mi11ionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerIifespansduringthepast40yearsarebeingreversed.Somenationswi11sufferdeciinesinaverageIifespansof10to30yearscomparedwithexpectedIifespanswithoutAIDS.IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblem,theimpactwi11belowerbecausethediseaseismostlyIimitedtohomosexuaIsanddrugusers,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearcher.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulation,whichsharplyboostsinfantmortality.Acompe11ingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.TodaythemedianageindeveIopedcountriesis35,andindevelopingnationsareonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswi11be42and28.Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525mi11ion)thanchiIdrenunder5(636mi11ion).AstheworldpopuIationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5wi11total717million.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020havethehighestreproductiverateintheworldareonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDSwillhaveincreasinglylonglifespansStorytellingisanancientandhonoredart.Storytellersentertainedduringthelongdarkhoursbeforesleeparrivedafterthesundisappearedoverthewesternhorizon.Butthestoryteller'sjobismorethanjustentertainmentBeforetheprintedpageappeared,storytellersprovidedculturalcontinuity,preservingthepasttoserveasguidethroughthefuture.Storyte11erstoldtalesofheroestoprovidepositiveexampIes,theIegendsthatheldthetribetogetherandprovideditsidentity,andthestoriesoffooIishoreviIbeingstoremindyoungand〇IdthepenaItiesfornotrivingcorrectIy.EvenbehaviortoohorribIetospeakofdirectIy,suchascannibaIism,cowardiceordeath,couldbeexaminedthroughthemediationofastory.Eventoday,books,magazines,radio,televisionandmoviesstillhavenotrepIacedthestoryte11er.Noneofthesepermanent,reproduciblemediaareabletodeliverapersonal,individualizedmessagewiththeimpactofawe11-toIdstory.Whetherthepurposeofastoryistosetamood,toentertain,toteachalesson,toamuseortoscare,nothingworksIikeagoodstoryattherightmoment.Astorywithanobviousmessageconcerningtheresultsofanotherperson'smisbehaviorcandeliverawarninganddeterrentthatadirectconfrontationcannotproduceandthestorywi11dosowithouthurtingegos.Apositiverelationshipcanbemaintainedand,sometimes,evenstrengthenedwhilestilldeliveringanunweIcomemessage.ThisisthepowerofthestoryteIIer.Noteverystorywi11fiteverysituation.ThestorytellerneedstoseIectastorywhichwi11meettheneedsofthesituationandthonthestorytelIermusttailorthestorytofitthetimeavaiIable,theageoftheaudience,theIocationandthemooddesired.Agoodstorychoicewi11capturetheinterestoftheaudience.Audiencememberswi11relatetoaIocation,experienceoremotionthattheyshareincommonwiththestorytelIerandwi11suspenddisbelieflongenoughtobedrawnintothestoryasitunfolds.GoodstoriesbuiIdtoaclimaxwithabeginning,amiddleandanend.TheeIementsofthestoryrevealedineachsectionwiIIleadtothenext.PredicamentsandsolutionswiIIdependonthedetaiIsofthestoryrevealedinanearIiersection.However,betterstoriesmayaddatwisttomaketheendingunexpectedand,therefore,moreinteresting.Scarystoriesshouldbematchedtotheageoftheaudience.Alittlefeelingoffrightasthestoryistoldmaybebeneficialinlearninghowtodealwithscarythings,buttheuseofIingeringfearthatiscarriedawayfromthestowissimplyterrorizingasusceptibIepersonandhelpsnoone.ItistheresponsibiIityofthestorymiIertodeterminewhatisappropriateandnottoabusetheaudience'sgoodfaith.Storiescancomefromnearlyanywhere.Folktales,myths,Iegends,history(especiallylocalhistory),Indianstories,adventureyamsandotherstowtellersarealIsourcesofinspiration.AshortIistingofco11ectedstoriesisappendedalongwithseveralexampIesofgoodstories.However,thebestsourcesofstoriesforgoodstowtellersaretheirownexperiences.Wheninspirationandopportunityunite,astoryisreadytobeborn.Nomatterwhatthesource,thebeststoriesarethoseofwhichthestorytelIerhassomepersonalexperienceorknowledge.Thiscanbecombinedwithothersourcesandalittlepracticetoproducethetaletobetold.Whenpersonalexperienceisthebaseonwhichastoryisbuilt,thestowwi11"ringtrue"totheaudienceandhaveagreatervitality.Adislikeofinsectscrawlingonyourskin,anencounterwithawildanimalorthememoryofaweirdnoiseexperiencedwhenyouwerehomealonecaneachprovidetheexperienceorfeelingthatwi11formthebasisofastory.Theexperienceneedonlybeaweepartofthestory,butthatcanbeenough.Whenyouhavechosenasourcefromabookoranotherstoryteller,learnthestowthoroughlybeforegivingitpubIicly.Donotmemorizethestory!MemorizetheoutIineandflowofthestow.TakespeciaInoteofkeypoints,eventsandnamesthatthestoryhingeson.Alsonotewhereandhowtheyfitinthenarrative.IftherearekeyphrasesmakesureyouanchortheminyourmemorysotheycomeoutnaturalIywheretheyshould.Don'ttrytodeliverastowverbatim,astoryshouIdbetoldinyourownwords.Makethestoryapartofyouandthensharethatpartwithyou.Livethestowasyoutellit.Asyoucontinuevyouwi11findthattellingastoryismorethanchoosingtherightwordstosay,italsoinvoIvesestabIishingyourpresence.Whenyouarethestowteller,youareincontrol.Walkconfidentlyforwardtoyourplace,stand,pause,relax,gatheryourthoughtsandbecomepartofyourstoryasyoubuildanticipation,waitforquietandattention,andthenandonlythen,quietlystartyourstory.Trynottoexplainwhatyouareabouttodo,insteadcperpetuateviderolemodels.discouragebadbehaviors.makehorriblebehaviorshonorablWesterntattooistsworkwithaspecialelectricalinstrument,somethingIikeadentist1sdri11.Itholdsanumberofveryfineneedles,which,forthepurposeofreproducingtheapproveddrawing,aredipped,inblackink.Whenthecurrentisswitchedon,andtheinstrumentpassedrapidlyovertheoutIine,theactionoftheneedIesdrivestheinkintotheskin.ThetattooistisconstantIywipingawayexcessinkasheworks.Thisiswhereskillissoimportant,forthespeedoftheinstrumentmeansthathemustworkrapidlyoverIineswhicharealmostpermanentlycoveredover.Thebasicdrawingthenhastobecoloredin,usingthesamemethodbutwithnon-poisonouspaintnowreplacingtheink.Theaveragetattoocontainsfourorfivecolors,eachinjectedwithaseparateinstrument.HowmanyneedIesareusedeachtimewi11dependontheareatobecovered,butitispossibletouseasmanyastenortweIve,givingupto3,000injectionsaminute.Fillinginisalengthierprocessthanoutlining,and,sincemostpeopIefindhalfanhourundertheneedIesquiteenough,amajortattoocantakeanumberofvisitst6compIete.Everyvisitwi11leavetheskinsoreandstinging,andtopreventinfectiontheareaisfinallytreatedwithanantisepticcreamandcoveredwithadressing.Afterafewdaysitfinallyhealsover,Ieavingthenewtattooclearlyvisibleundertheskin.Andthereitstays,for,asthosewhogettattooedandthenthindbetterofitsoondiscover,gettingridofthetattooisafarmoredifficultbusinessthangettingit.Thetattooistispowerlesstoundowhathehasdoneandcanonlyreferunhappycustomerstotheirdoctorswho,nomatterhowsympathetic,areabletoofferlittleencouragementRemovingatattoo,ifitcanbedoneatall,hastobebyoneoftwomethods,neitherofthempleasantorevencompIeteIysatisfactory,Thefirstisbysurgeryandskinreplacment,anoperationwhichIeavespermanentmarks.TheotherpossibiIityistore-tat-tooovertheoffendingdesignwithaspeciaIacidbasedsubstancewhichabsorbsthecolorsasitgoes.ThisisapainfuIandlengthyprocesswhich,thoughlessexpensivethanprivatesurgery,isstillquitecostIy.MTattooingisathorninthesideofthemedicaIprofession",istheviewofoneHarleyStreetskinspecialist.Hereceivesaconstantstreamofenquiriesaboutremoval,butinmostcasestheexpenseanddiscomfortofhavingitdonemakepeopIedecidetogoonIivingwiththeirunwanteddesigns."Patientshavetowantitverymuchgotothroughwithit,"hesays.MThosewhodoareusuallytheoneswhofindthattheyarerefusedjobs,orcannotgetadvancementbecausetheirhandsaredecorated.nThisissuchacommoneventthatresponsibletattooistsrefusetoworkonareaswhichcannotnormallybecoveredup.”ThetroubleisthatmostpeopIedon'tthinkaboutituntiIit'stoolate.Msaysonetattooistwhohadhisownhandstattooedsomeyearsago,andfreelyadmitstoregrettingit"Irealizenowthatitlooksinbadtaste.\Beforealarge-scaletattooisfinished,thecustomermay.havehadhalfanhourundertheneedleshavehadasmanyastenortwelveneedlesusedonhimhavehadtogoseveraltimestothetattooisthavehadbeengiveupto3000injections5.ThesuccessofJaneEyreisnotonlybecauseofitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsocietyfbutalsoduetoitsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirstheroine.explorerpeasantworkergoverness6.WhenSecretaryofStateCondoIeezzaRicestoodbesideAfghanPresidentHamidKarzai,shemadeanenlightenedstatementaboutcuttingAfghanistan'sopiurnproduction,saying:HItisaprobIemthattookawhiIetodeveIop,anditwi11taketimetoendtheproblem.MRice'sstatementinMarchistheclearestconfirmationyetofagradualmminU.S.policysinceearly2004,whentheBushadministrationandCongresswerecallingforanimmediatecrackdownonAfghanistan'sbiggestcashcrop.HerstatementshowstheUnitedStates'newpatienceandacceptancethatitwi11taketimeforademocraticAfghanistantoeliminateopiumproduction.WhentheUnitedStatesearIierpushedKarzaitoimmediateIyendopiumproductioninhiswar-tomcountry-withoutinstitutingtherepressivetacticsthathistoricallyhaveledtorapidsuccess-theUnitedStateswasgivingtheAfghanleaderavirtuallyimpossibIetask.AfghanistancouldpleasetheUnitedStatesonlybyaggressiveactionthatwouldfurtherimpoverishitsalreadypoorpopuIationandunderminethegovernment'slegitimacy.TheTaiibanannouncedabanongrowingpoppies—thesourceofopium—inAfghanistaninJuly2000,sayingthisreflectedtheteachingsoftheKoran.AlreadyfearedbyAfghansforitsbrutality,theTaiibanachievedcompIiancewithitspoppybanbytearingupthefieldsofafewearlyproducerswhoviolatedthebanftherebyshowingthatthegovernmentwasserious.TheresultoftheTaliban'sorderwasadramaticreductioninAfghanopiumproduction,whichfelIfrom3,600tonsin2000tojust185tonsin2001.Thiscausedworldopiumproductiontofa11bymorethan60percent.Thiswasn'tthefirsttimethatlargeandrapidreductionsinopiumproductionhavebeenachievedbymassivegovernmentrepression.WhentheCommuniststookpowerinChinain1949,thenationwasamajoropiumproducerandsufferedfromwhatmayhavebeentheworld,sworstopiumconsumptionproblem.WithintwoyearsofapoIicecrackdownonopiumproductionandconsumption-resultinginmassexecutionsandimprisonments-opiumproductionandusehadessentiallydisappearedinChina.TheIslamicRevoIutionin1979inIranusedsomeofthesamepolice-sIatetacticsasChinatoeliminatethelargeproductionandconsumptionofopiumthathadprevailedundertheruleoftheshahofIran.Thisyeartheremaybeyetanother,sIightIylessdramaticinstanceofsuccessfulreduction.Myanmar,formerlyknownasBurma,istheworld'ssecond-largestproducerofopiurn.Arebelmovement,theUnitedWaStateArmy,hascontrolofthemajorpoppy-growingareasandhasalreadyreducedproductionbythree-quartersinthepastsixyears,witharealisticpromisetoendproductionbyJunethisyear.IthasaccompIishedthismostlybyforciblerelocationofsome100,000peasantfarmingfamiIieswhogrowpoppies.ButifAfghanistan'scurrentgovernmentresortedtothetacticsoftheTaiiban,theChineseCommunists,Iran,sdictatorshipandtherebelsinMyanmartoendopiumproduction,itwouldrightIybecondemnedbytheUnitedStatesandotherdemocraticnations.Thisisbecauseineachofthesuccessfulcrackdownsonopiurn,authoritiesreliedonmethodsthataresimplynotacceptableinademocraticnation,nomatterhownoblethepurpose.Thesuccessofanti-opiurncampaignsinmorepoliticallyopensettingsismuchmoregradual.Thailand,onceamajorworldopiumproducer,istheIeadingexampIe.AcombinationofgeneraleconomicdeveIopmentandtargetedprograms-bothcropsubstitutionandlawenforcement-ledThaiIandtoaImostenditsopiumproductionoveraperiodofmorethanadecade.Pakistan,alsoaformerlysignificantproducer,hasmanagedtoalmostentirelyexitopiumproductionoverasimilarperiod,notwithstandingarecentupturninpoppyharvests.Goingaftertraffickersratherthanfarmers,albeitpoliticallymuchmoreacceptabIe,isevenmoredifficult.Fewgovernments,authoritarianorotherwise,havehadahighdegreeofsuccessinthisarena.Whileendingpoppyproduction,IranandPakistanarestillmajordragtraffickers.TherecentThaicrackdown,withtheextra-judicialki11ingof2,000drugdealersinlessthanayear,seemstohavelesseneddomesticdrugusebutdoesnotofferaheIpfuImodelforademocracy-buiIdingAfghanistan.SecretaryRice'scalIforpatienceinthefightagainstopiumproductioninAfghanistanshowsanacceptanceofthedilemmaAfghanistanfacesandisanencouragingindicationthattheU.S.governmenthaslearnedfromhistory.TheauthorusedthehistoryofChinaandIraninorderto.criticizethesecountriesexplaintheeffectofmassiverepressiononopiumproductionandassumptionwarnAfghanistangovernmentprovethesecountriesarenotHdemocraticwGoingForth,TheNationsMultiplyUnevenIyDespitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth'spopuIationisboomingaheadtonewrecords—withnoendinsight.Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopIetopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworIdcitizensequalsthepopuIationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90mi11ionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopuIationofGermany.SeveralfactorsarepropelIingthisrapidgrowth,includinganeIementthatisoftenoverlooked:thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.InfourAfricannations-Niger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast-1outofevery5adoIescentfemaIesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshasheIpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.BystartingafamiIyearly,atypicaIwomanisSomaIiayforinstance,hassevenchiIdrenduringherIifetime.Equa11ylargefamiIiesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertiIityisstrife-tomRwanda,whereatypicaImotherhasatleasteightorninechiIdren.WhilepopuIationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica'sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.Thisissue-nbabieshavingbabies"-hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueIedanexpansionofthestatefederalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonIymodestIyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.OveralI,thefertiIityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementIeveI.AlthoughtheUSpopuIationisexpectedtoclimbsteadiIy,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwi11courtfromimmigration.TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofIeetotheUSbecauseofmiIitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwi11cuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.ThedecIineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepubIicvwhererateswiIIdipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent,hiThaiIandwhichalreadyhadIowbirthrates,AIDSwi11drivepopuIationdownwardto0.8percentayear.Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwi11lowerpopuIationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerIifespansduringthepast40yearsarebeingreversed.Somenationswi11sufferdecIinesinaverageIifespansof10to30yearscomparedwithexpectedIifespanswithoutAIDS.IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblem,theimpactwi11belowerbecausethediseaseismostlyIimitedtohomosexuaIsanddrugusers,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearcher.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulation,whichsharplyboostsinfantmortality.Acompe11ingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.TodaythemedianageindeveIopedcountriesis35,andindevelopingnationsareonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswi11be42and28.Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525mi11ion)thanchiIdrenunder5(636mi11ion).AstheworldpopuIationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5wi11total717mi11ion.Thepassagestatesthatteenagedbirthsare.A.rareindevelopedcountriesB.mostprevalentinIndonesiaC.commoninRwandaD.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincreasesStorytellingisanancientandhonoredart.Storytellersentertainedduringthelongdarkhoursbeforesleeparrivedafterthesundisappearedoverthewesternhorizon.Butthestoryteller1sjobismorethanjustentertainmentBeforetheprintedpageappeared,storytellersprovidedcultural