高二英語下 (Unit 6. Problems and solutions基礎(chǔ)知識梳理)

教師輔導(dǎo)講義輔導(dǎo)科目：英語年級：高二課時數(shù)：3課題Unit6.Problemsandsolutions基礎(chǔ)知識梳理教學(xué)目標1?使學(xué)生能夠基本掌握unitl中的基礎(chǔ)詞匯及其拓展用法；2.幫助學(xué)生梳理課文中的一些重點句型，并且會做一些基礎(chǔ)的單選題。教學(xué)內(nèi)容Stepl:Greetings&FreetalkIstheresomethinginterestingorimportantthisweek?Step2:Homeworkchecking&RevisionStep3:知識梳理I.KeyWords重點單詞cosmeticsn.[usuallypl.]化妝品e.g.Lipstickandhairconditionerarecosmetics.口紅和護發(fā)素都是化妝品。persuasiveadj.有說服力的；令人信服的e.g.Theargumenthepresentedwassopersuasivethatthemanageragreedtoreconsiderhisproposal.他的理由很有說服力，所以經(jīng)理冋意重新考慮他的提議?！局R拓展】persuadev.說服，勸說【常用搭配】persuadesbtodosth說服某人做某事persuadesbintodoingsth說服某人做某事persuadesboutofsth/doingsth勸阻某人不要（做）e.g.ShepersuadedmetotakepartintheEnglishcompetition.=ShepersuadedmeintotakingpartintheEnglishcompetition.她說服我參加央語競賽。Wepersuadedhimoutofhisfoolishplan我們勸說他放棄了那個愚蠢的計劃。advertisingn.做廣告；廣告業(yè)e.g.Cigaretteadvertisingshouldbebanned.應(yīng)該禁止香煙的廣告業(yè)務(wù)。campaignn.運動e.g.Thereisacampaignagainstsmokinginthecity該市正在進仃一場禁煙運動。Theoldlady'ssondiedinacampaignduringtheWorldWadi.老太太的兒子在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的一場戰(zhàn)爭中喪身。【知識拓展】V.參加運動e.g.Shespentherwholelifecampaigningforwomen'srights.她畢生致力于女權(quán)運動。anti-ageingadj.抗衰老的e.g.Iwonderwhethertheseanti-ageingcosmeticsarereallyeffective.我想知道這些抗衰老的化妝品是否真的有效。Ourwebsiteprovidesladieswithmanypracticalanti-ageingstrategies.我們的網(wǎng)站為女士們提供很多實用的抗衰老策略?！局R拓展】前綴anti-表示“反對、排斥”。如:anti-spam反垃圾郵件anti-hacker反電腦黑客presentv.贈送；呈現(xiàn)；引見e.g.Theoldcouplepresentedabigsumofmoneytotheschoolwheretheyhadstudied.這對老夫婦向他們求學(xué)過的學(xué)校贈送了一大筆錢。Youshouldhavepresentedyouressaylastweek你上周就該把論文父上來了。Pleaseallowmetopresentmynewfriendtoyou,Tom湯姆，請允許我向你介紹我的新朋友?！局R拓展】（1）adj./present/出席，在場（可作表語或后置定語）；現(xiàn)存的，當(dāng)前的（只可作前置定語）e.g.Ihopeyouwillbepresentatmyweddingceremonythedayaftertomorrow我希望你后天能來參加我的結(jié)婚典禮。Obviously,mostpeoplepresentwereagainsttheplan顯然，在場的大多數(shù)人反對這項計劃。Moststudentsarequitesatisfiedwiththepresentteachingmethodappliedbythenewteacher.大多數(shù)學(xué)生都對這個新老師現(xiàn)用的教學(xué)方法很滿意。（2）n./present/禮物Christmas/birthdaypresent圣誕/生日禮物packagingn.包裝材料e.g.Thepackagingfortheproductwasverydifficulttoopen這個產(chǎn)品的包裝很難打開。doublev.（使）加倍；是的兩倍e.g.Thisyear,thesalesoftheproductaredoublewhattheywerelastyear該產(chǎn)品今年的銷售額是去年的兩倍。Thebirthrateinthatareahasdoubled.那個地區(qū)的嬰兒出生率已經(jīng)增加了一倍?！局R拓展】n.兩倍e.g.Theproductionofthisyearisthedoubleofthatoflastyear今年的產(chǎn)量是去年的兩倍。poisonv.使中毒；毒害e.g.Thecowdrankthewaterandwaspoisoned.奶牛喝了水后中毒了。【知識拓展】poisonn.毒藥，毒物e.g.Somemushroomscontaindeadlypoisons.有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。blindv.使失明e.g.Themanwasblindedintheexplosion.那名男子在爆炸中雙目失明?！局R拓展】blindadj.瞎的；盲的e.g.Whenhewasreleasedfromthejail,thestronglightnearlyblindedhim.當(dāng)他被釋放出監(jiān)獄的時候，強烈的光線幾乎使他什么都看不見了。Hebecameblindafteraseriouscaraccident.在一次嚴重車禍后，他的雙目失明了。force-feedv.強迫進食e.g.Thesickanimalrefusedtoeat,andhadtobeforce-fed.那只有病的動物不肯進食，人們只好給它強制喂食。injectionn.注射e.g.Themorphinewasadministeredbyinjection那嗎啡是注射進去的。dripv.滴入e.g.Themachinedrippedwaterandfertilizerontotheplants.那臺機器把水和肥料滴到植物上。amazingadj.令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的e.g.Ifinditamazingthatyoucan'tswim.你不會游泳可使我大吃一驚。unconventionaladj.[oftenapproving]不因循守舊的；新奇的e.g.Sheleadsanunconventionalwayoflife.她的生活方式很新潮。principlen.規(guī)貝Ve.g.Discussingallthesedetailswillgetusnowhere;wemustgetbacktofirstprinciple.討論這些枝節(jié)問題是毫無用處的，我們必須回到基本原則上來。prosperv.繁榮；興旺e.g.Duetohisdiligenceandintelligence,hisbusinesssoonprospered.由于他勤奮又聰明，他的生意很快就興隆起來了。Thelittlecompanyprosperedthroughgoodmanagement.由于管理有方，這家小公司興旺發(fā)達。revolutionv.改革e.g.Computershaverevolutionizedmanyaspectsofmodernlife.計算機的運用徹底改變了現(xiàn)代生活的方方面面。limitationn.局限；缺陷e.g.Heknowshislimitations.他知道身體能力有限。Iknowmylimitations—Ican'tdowhatyouasked.我不能做你請求我做的事，因為我知道自己的不足之處。recyclev.回收利用；再利用e.g.Everyweek,alorrycamebytopickupoldmagazinesandnewspaperstoberecycled.每個星期都有一輛貨車來運走那些將被回收利用的舊雜志和廢報紙。refillv.再裝滿（或灌滿）e.g.Themanaskedthewaitertorefillhisglass.那個人又一次讓服務(wù)員把自己的杯子倒?jié)M。uniqueadj.獨一無二的；獨特的e.g.Everysnowflakeisunique-notwoarethesame.每一瓣雪花都是獨一無二的沒有兩片相同的雪花。remarkablyadv.不尋常地；突出地e.g.Remarkably,noonewaskilledinthatterriblestorm令人稱奇的是，那場可怕的風(fēng)暴中沒有人死亡。【知識拓展】remarkableadj.不尋常的；出類拔萃的e.g.Hisremarkableachievementsinsciencehasbroughthimgreathonour他在科學(xué)上的杰出成就給他帶來了巨大榮譽。alternativeadj.供選擇的e.g.Thisroadwasblocked,sowehadtogobyanalternativeroute這條路被堵了，所以我們只好走另一條路。Haveyougotanalternativesuggestion?你有沒有其他建議？globaladj.全球的e.g.Ourproducthaswonglobalpopularity我們的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)贏得了全球性的歡迎。Everyonewishesforglobalpeace.人人都希望世界和平?！局R拓展】globen.球，球體；球狀物theglobe地球publicityn.公眾的注意；媒體的注意；名聲；宣傳e.g.Thereisalotofpublicityonhisachievements.他的成就廣受大眾注目。Thenewbookhasgainedverylittlepublicity,greatlylimitingitssales.公眾不太關(guān)注這本新書，這大大影響了它的銷售。Therehasbeenlittlepublicityaboutthenewfilm.這部新電影沒有作什么宣傳。holdv.舉辦；進行e.g.Theclassmatesheldasingingcompetition.同學(xué)們舉行了一次歌詠比賽。pro-environmentadj.支持保護環(huán)境的e.g.Thecompanyfundedresearchinpro-environmentpackaging.這家公司資助研究保護環(huán)境的包裝材料。publicizev.宣傳e.g.anadvertisingcampaigntopublicizethenewtrainservice.為新投入運營的鐵路路線而開展的宣傳活動□?KeyExpressions重點詞組cometrue實現(xiàn)（該詞組為不及物動詞詞組，不能用于被動語態(tài)）e.g.Aftermanyyearsofhardwork,hislongcherisheddreamofbeingafootballplayercametrue.經(jīng)過多年努力，他長期懷有的想成為一名足球運動員的夢想終于實現(xiàn)了?！局更c迷津】realizev.（使）實現(xiàn)（常用于被動語態(tài)）Wearesurethatyouwillrealizeyourdreamsoonerorlater.=Wearesurethatyourdreamwillberealizedsoonerorlater我們相信，你的希望遲早會實現(xiàn)?！?KeySentences重難點句子Itpromisesthatallyourdreamswillcometrueifyouuseacertaintypeofshampooorfacecream.句中promises后跟賓語從句。promise的其他用法還有：promisetodosth許諾做某事，promisesbtodosth許諾某人做某事。e.g.Myfatherpromisedtobuymeanewbikeiflwoulddowellinthecomingexam.=MyfatherpromisedmetobuyanewbikeifIwoulddowellinthecomingexam.爸爸許諾我，如果我在即將到來的考試中有出色表現(xiàn)的話，他會給我買一輛新自行車。Theproductsarepresentedinexpensivepackaging,oftendoublingtheircost.oftendoublingtheircost是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨狀況。Banningimagesofbeautifulwomeninhershops,shepromotedhealth,notbeauty.banningimagesofbeautifulwomeninhershops是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作原因狀語。e.g.Notwantingtohaveanything,shejustkeptonworkingwithoutdinner.因為什么都不想吃，所以她沒有吃晚飯就繼續(xù)工作。I.KeyWords重點單詞tuben.軟管e.g.Bloodflowedalongthetubeintothebottle.血液沿管子流人瓶中。wrappern.包聾芝材料e.g.Pleaseput'allyoursweetwrappersinthebin.請把你的糖紙都放進垃圾箱里去?！局R拓展】wrapv.包；裹e.g.Christmaspresentswerewrappedupintisuuepaper.圣誕禮物都用薄紙裹起來了。transportv.（用交通工具）運輸；運送e.g.Coalisusuallytransportedbyrailfromtheminestothepowerplants媒通常經(jīng)由鐵路從煤礦運到發(fā)電廠?！局R拓展】transportationn.運輸cardboardn.卡紙板e.g.Theykeptalloftheirphotosinashoeboxmadeofcardboard他們把所有的照片都放在一個卡板紙做的鞋盒中。landfilln.垃圾填埋地e.g.Alloftherubbishwastakentoalandfillontheoutskirtsofthecity所有的垃圾都被運到市郊的一個垃圾填埋場。leakv.漏；滲；滲透e.g.Thegaswillleakifyoudon'tturnitoffafterusing.如果用完后不關(guān)掉，煤氣會泄漏。Thetyrebegantoleak,andwassooncompletelyflat.車胎開始漏氣，很快就癟了。Wholeakedthenewstothepress?是誰將消息泄露給新聞界的？cartonn.（尤指裝食品或液體的）硬紙盒；塑料盒e.g.Thismorning,Iboughtacartonofmilkforbreakfastonmywaytowork.今天早晨在去上班的路上，我買了一盒牛奶當(dāng)早飯。appropriateadj.合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)膃.g.Sportsclothesarenotappropriateforaformalwedding.運動服用于正式婚禮中是不適當(dāng)?shù)?。sortv.整理；把分類e.g.Hewassortinghisforeignstamps.他正在整理外國郵票。processv.加工e.g.Generallyspeaking,foodmustbeprocessedinordertobepreserved一般來說，食品需要經(jīng)過加工才能長時間保存。Itmaytakeafewweeksforthesewastedpapertobeprocessed.處理這些廢棄文件也許要幾個星期。【知識拓展】processn.過程e.g.Istartedmovingthechinaornaments,butdroppedavaseintheprocess.我動手搬那些瓷器飾物，但在移動時打碎了一只花瓶。Compilingadictionaryisaslowprocess.編撰一本字典是一個緩慢的過程。subjectn.（繪畫或拍攝）題材e.g.Thesubjectofthepictureisthepainter'sfather這幅畫取材于畫家的父親?！?KeyExpressions重點詞組1.makeup組成；構(gòu)成；化妝e.g.Thisfootballteamismadeupoffourteenmembers.這個足球隊由十四名隊員組成。Workersmakeupalargeportionofthepopulation工人占人口數(shù)量的大部分。Beforegoingontothestage,theactressmadeuptolookherbest.在上臺之前，女演員化了妝，讓自己看上去最美?！局R拓展】makeupfor補償e.g.Youapologycan'tmakeupforthebrokenvase光說對不起補償不了被你打破的花瓶的損失。endup結(jié)束；告終e.g.Hetriedseveraldifferentjobs,finallyendingupasateacher他做過一些不同的工作，最終成為一名教師。Hestartedworkinginthiscompanyasaclerkbutendedupasthegeneralmanager.他剛進公司寸候只是個小職員，但最后卻成了總經(jīng)理。takeup占去；占據(jù)e.g.Thecupboardtakesupmuchspaceinmykitchen.這個柜子占了我廚房里很大的空間。You'dbettermoveawayallthetoys9becausetheytakeuptoomuchspace.你最好把這些玩具都移走，它們占據(jù)了太多空間。ShetookupthestorywhichJohnhadleftofftelling她接著講約翰未講完的故事。takethelead帶頭；做榜樣e.g.Hetooktheleadatthebeginningoftherace.比賽剛開始時他領(lǐng)跑。Shealwaystakestheleadindoinganything.她總是帶頭做任何事。doone'spartto盡自己的職責(zé)e.g.Everyoneshoulddohisorherpartinthecauseofenvironmentalprotection.每個人都應(yīng)該盡自己的一份力，為環(huán)境保護事業(yè)作貢獻?！?KeySentences重難點句子In1991,Germanytooktheleadbyrequiringcompaniestorecyclethepackagingusedfortheirgoods.usedfortheirgoods是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾packaging-詞，相當(dāng)于定語從句：which/thatisusedfortheirgoods。e.g.Thisisaroomusedonlyforemergency這是一件專門為緊急情況而準備的房間。ThencameTheBodyShop.然后出現(xiàn)了美體小鋪。1?VocabularyandGrammar()1.Waterfromtheroofbecauseitisleaking.dropsB.dripsC.spreadsD.sinks()2.Scientificdiscoveriesareoftentoindustrialproductionmethods.suppliedB.repliedC.adoptedD.applied()3.Therenothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be()4.Thereisabansmokinginmostpublicplacesinthiscountry.forB.onC.inD.with()5.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithflowersandgrassallaroundanddowntoeatourpicniclunch.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat()6.outautomatically,thee-mailwithadangerousviruswasreceivedbymanyusers.MailedB.MailingC.TobemailedD.Havingmailedout()7.,soIhadtowaitformyparentsback.A.BecausemykeywaslostB.MykeywaslostC.LosingmykeyD.Havinglostmykey()8.Thistoycompanydoesn'tspendmoneyon.A.advertisingB.advertiserC.adviceD.advertisement()9.Thecompanyintendstoforlossescausedbytheseriousmistakeinthenewsreport.A.sueB.chargeC.accuseD.ask()10.Joanisforequalrightsforwomen.A.fightingB.campaigningC.beatingD.quarreling()11.Whenshewasyoung,sheshowedgreatinsinging,whichwasquitebeyondherparents'expectation.A.willB.requirementC.desireD.promise()12.Hesatbeneaththetree,hiselbowonhisknee.A.restB.wasrestingC.restingD.rested()13.Hisvoice,hesaidhewastooupsettosayanymore.A.shakeB.beshakingC.wasshakingD.shaking()14.Withtheriveratarecord-highofover26metres,themorecameamidnosignoflit-upinthetorrentialrains.A.runB.isrunningC.runningD.ran()15.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsandboystogotoschool.A.tobeencouragedB.beenencouragedC.beingencouragedD.beencouragedII?ClozeTheBodyShopmake-upisallaboutproductsthat16andblendeasily;thatflatter(使顯得更漂亮)yourfaceandtakecareofyourskin;thatfeelaslightasafeather;thatmakeexperimentationeasyandenjoyable;thatwilllookasgoodattheendofthedayaswhenyoufirstappliedthem;andwhich17thatwayuntilyouchoosetotakethemoff.Theindustryreferstothemas'highperformance'一we18say'simplygreat'.Howdoyou19greatmake-up?Wethinkitnotonlymakesyoulookgood,butfeelgoodanddoesgoodtoo.Itgivesthewearerconfidenceandisenjoyabletouse.Ourquest(追求)forthebesthasbeenexhaustive(徹底的)andmeansthattheBodyShopmake-upnowcombinesthebest20incosmeticsciencewithouryearsofexpertiseofnaturalingredients一someofwhicharenowmainstreamsofcosmeticsandsomeofwhichare21totheBodyShopmake-up.Ifyou22UVdamagetoyourskin,youhavethereassurancethatmanyproductsintherangenowfeatureasunprotectionfactor.Allproductshavebeendermatologically(皮膚病學(xué)的)tested,arenon-comedogenic(meaningtheywon'tcauseblackheads)anddonotinclude23fragrance.'Highperformance'or'simplygreat'?Don'tjusttakeour24forit一cometotheBodyShopandtryitforyourself.Make-upisnolongersimplyaboutlookinggood,butfeelinggoodanddoinggoodtoo.Asfirmbelieversincreatingmake-upthatoffersskincarebenefits,skinbeneficialingredientssuchasvitaminE,panthenolandbeeswaxarewidelyused25therange.()16.A.produceB.applyC.useD.give()17.A.changeB.goC.leaveD.stay()18.A.keeptoB.helptoC.prefertoD.wantto()19.A.thinkofB.refertoC.findD.define()20.A.advancesB.qualitiesC.findingsD.application()21.A.particularB.uniqueC.topD.devoted()22.A.areparticularaboutB.findingfaultwithC.areconcernedaboutD.arecuriousabout()23.A.specialB.demandingC.extraD.added()24.A.wordB.promiseC.productsD.phrases()25.A.ofB.duringC.throughoutD.outofIH?ReadingComprehension(A)KaroCoveEstate(地產(chǎn))AlimitedopportunitytopurchaseapieceofKiwiparadise幾維鳥天堂)with5lotsonlytobesold.Ifnaturalbeauty&-privacyareimportanttoyou,thenthisuniqueareawherethenativebushmeetsthesand&theneighbourhoodnoiseisthesoundsofthewaves,thesongofthenativebirdsbydayandKiwiatnightisa"mustconsider."Sizesrangefrom2,000m2to2.4hasomewithdirectwaterfrontposition,allhaveseaview.Covenants(契約)ensurethisbeautifulenvironmentisprotectedforever.Locatedwithin1hourdrivefromAuckland.Jointhedevelopersinsecuringyourfamily'spieceofparadise.Anopportunitynottobemissed!BarbaraNelsonMob0273827263Bus(07)5760129()26.Thisadvertisementisputuptoattract.A.travellersB.naturalscientistsC.estatepurchasersD.housebuilders()27.Whatistheunderlinedwordhainthethirdparagraph?A.Aunitofarea.B.Aunitoflength.C.Aunitofwidth.D.Aunitofdepth.()28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtruetotheadvertisement?Thisareaisbythesea.ThisareaisnotveryfarfromAuckland.Nofactorieswillbebuiltinthisarea.BarbaraNelsonhasaphonesetinabus.⑻The1970sandearly1980shavespelled(意味著)hardtimeformostoftheworld'sbusinessfirms.The1973oilcrisis(危機)setoffaroundoffurthercrisis:materialandenergyshortages,dyingindustries,andsoon.Throughoutthe1960s,peopleinindustrialnationsenjoyedrealgainsinincomeandspenttheirmoneyonagrowingnumberofgoodsandservices:newcars,televisionsets,foreigntravel,highereducation,andsoon.PeopleintheU.S.A.,WesternEurope,Japan,Australia,andafewothernationswereleadingagoodlife.Andthecitizensoflessdevelopedcountries,thoughlivingonverysmallincomes,werefilledwithhopesbywhattheyheardandsawinnewspapers,magazines,andradios.Soonerorlater,theyfelt,theywouldenjoythefruitsofrapideconomicdevelopment.Thecrisisstartinginthe1970srobbedeveryoneofthesedreams.Pricesshotup;jobswerelost;competitionbecamekeener;foreigngoodsattackeddomestic(國內(nèi)的)marketsandhurtdomesticfirms.Thekeytorecoverycouldnotrestaloneongovernments'adoptingsuitableeconomicpolicies.Businessfirmshadtodoabetterjoboffindingoutthestrongneeds,developingbetterproducts,anddistributingthemmoreefficientlysothatconsumerscouldaffordthem.Inthepast,somecompaniessawtheirtaskassimplysellingwhattheymade.Whenconsumerinterestflagged,thecompaniesencouragedtheirsalespeopletosellharder.Theywouldcutthepricesandoffermoreservices.Thisapproachoftenworksintheshortrun,atleastinsellingouttheirgoods,ifnotinincreasingprofits(利潤).Butthesalesapproachprovidesnolong-runanswertoraisingtheinterestofpeopleinbuyingthecompany'scurrentproducts.()29.Phe1970sfromthe1970stotheearly1980sin1973inthe1980s()30.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?Duringthecrisis,domesticmarketswereattackedbyforeigngoods.Duringthecrisis,competitionbecamekeener.Duringthecrisis,priceswerelower.

Duringthecrisis,thereweremorepeoplelookingforjobs.()31.Theauthoremphasizesseveralpointsinthepassage,EXCEPT.A.theoilcrisisB.theworldpoliticalsituationC.theresultsofthecrisisD.theworldeconomicalsituation()32.Thepassageistakenfrom.A.anovelB.aplayC.areportD.apoem(C)First,IwouldliketothanktheWeekendHerad(先驅(qū)扌報)formakingyourcolumnavailableeachweektoreaders.Ihavebeeninvestingandsavingforthelast50years,rightfromthefirsttimeIsavedmysixpencesIwasgiventospendwhenIwenttothepictures.Ihavetakenhitsfrominventinginthestockmarketandpurchasingproperty,andlikeeveryoneelse,havehadupsanddowns.Ihavenoaffiliations(聯(lián)系)toanycamp(集團),justaMr.JoeOrdinaryinvestorwhohasbeenluckyenoughtobeasaverandhavesomemoneysavedforretirement.Buthavingfollowedyourwritingsforafewyearsnow,Iwouldliketocongratulateyouonanexcellentcolumn.Ifindthatyougiveabalancedviewintheanswerstopeople'squestionsandbackuptheseviewswithsoundreasoning.Ienjoyhowyoutrytotailorindividual,carefullyconsideredanswerstomeettheneedsofthereaders'questions.Fo