動名詞作主語和賓語

動名詞做主語和賓語的用法與練習(xí)動名詞（動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特征，在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語）動名詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeingdone與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前作主語謂語用單數(shù)。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Readingisanart.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.例：1.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？-hernewbicycle.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing使用形式主語it,而將動名詞放在句尾。It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…例：It’snogood(wait)here.It’snouse(argue)withher.It’snogood(smoke),you’dbettergiveitup.It’sawasteoftime(wait)here.Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).作賓語習(xí)慣上接動名詞作賓語的動詞［附記憶口訣］其后習(xí)慣上要跟動名詞作賓語的常見動詞有以下詞匯：,admit,appreciate,avoid,burstout,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,(can’t)help,imagine,keep(on),mind,miss,practise,prevent,putoff,resist,risk,(can’t)stand,stop,suggest,understand等。如：用法舉例：Headmittedhavingtakenthemoney.他承認拿了那筆錢。Itwasimpossibletoavoidbeingaffected.要想不受影響是不可能的。Sheburstoutcrying(laughing,singing).她突然哭(笑，唱)起來。I’veoftenconsideredstudyingabroad.我經(jīng)常在想出國留學(xué)。Theyhaveputoffleaving.他們已推遲動身。Sheenjoyshelpingherparentswiththehousework.她喜歡幫她母親做家務(wù)。Thereisnowaytoescapedoingthework.沒有辦法逃脫做這項工作。Pleaseexcusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.請原諒我誤拆了你的信。Therewasadeadlysilenceaftershefinishedspeaking.她說完話后是一片沉默。Pleaseforgivemyinterrupting.請原諒我打擾了。Thedoctortoldmetogiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生叫我戒煙。Canyouimaginelivingwithoutelectricity?你能想象沒有電的生活嗎？Myshoelaceskeepcomingundone.我的鞋帶老是松開。Nobodymentionedgoingtherehelpingher.沒有人提到要去那兒幫助她。Wedon’tmindwaiting.我們不介意等候。Hejustmissedbeingstruck.他險些兒被打著。Theyarepractisingsingingthenewsong.他們正在練習(xí)唱新歌。Wedecidedtoputoffleaving.我們決定推遲動身。We’rewillingtorisklosingourjobs.我們愿冒失業(yè)的危險。Hesuggestedgoingtogetherinonecar.他建議大家一起坐一輛汽車去。Ijustcan’tunderstandhis[him]stealingthemoney.我簡直無法理解他為什么要偷錢。后面只能用動名詞做賓語的動詞記憶口訣考慮建議盼原諒承認推遲沒得想避免錯過繼續(xù)練否認完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險不禁介意準逃亡難以忍受始反對想要成功堅持忙習(xí)慣放棄有困難導(dǎo)致專心防道歉解析：第一句包含的動詞有：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon,第二節(jié)包含的動詞有：admit,delay/putoff,fancy,第三句包含的動詞有：avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice,第四句句包含的動詞有：deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,第五句包含的動詞有：forbid,imagine,risk第六句包含的動詞有：can'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape.第七句包含的動詞有：can'tstand（難以忍受），setabout開始，著手，objectto,第八句包含動詞有：feellike（想要），succeedin（成功），stickto（堅持），insiston（堅持，強調(diào)，堅決要求），bebusy（in）（忙于做某事）第九句包含的動詞有：beused/accustomedto（習(xí)慣于 ），giveup（放棄），havedifficulty/trouble（in）,（做某事有困難）

第十句包含的動詞有:leadto（導(dǎo)致），devoteto（將…奉獻給；把…專用于）,prevent from （預(yù)防，防止），apologizefor（為 道歉）,,此外，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime（in）,spendtime（in）,thankyoufor,payattentionto,aimat目的在于，旨在；瞄準；企圖，accuse???of…控告；譴責，getdownto,etc.例如：Ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.（高考）Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpbeingpersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed（）Ican'tstandworkingwithJaneinthesameoffice,shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.（）接動名詞作賓語的動詞「速記口訣」Mrs.PBlackmissedabeefbag.（P.布萊克夫人丟了一個牛肉袋。）「妙語詮釋」該句話中每個字母代表了一個動詞或短語，這些動詞要求后面跟動名詞作賓語。這些動詞分別是：M=mind，r=risk，s=succeedin，P=practice，B=bebusy，l=lookforwardto，a=admit，c=can‘thelp，k=keepon，m=miss，i=insiston，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=beworth，a=advise，g=giveup.例：Ourmonitorsuggesteddiscussionofthissubject.A.tohaveB.shouldhaveC.have例：Ourmonitorsuggesteddiscussionofthissubject.A.tohaveB.shouldhaveC.haveD.having(2)只能接不定式作賓語的動詞:happen碰巧，offer主動提出，promise答應(yīng)agree同意，refuse拒絕，decide決定，determine決定、決心，happen碰巧，offer主動提出，promise答應(yīng)agree同意，refuse拒絕，decide決定，determine決定、決心，pretend假裝fail未能夠，learn學(xué)習(xí)，wish希望，hope，希望expect，期待，期望afford負擔得起。(3)接動名詞、不定式均可，意義一樣的動詞：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’tbear/endure無法忍受，cease(3)接動名詞、注1：v-ing形式表示經(jīng)常性、概括性的動作，不定式表示具體的、特定的某一次動作。如:Shelikessinging,butshedoesn’tliketosingtoday.注2：在begin,start,continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作賓語沒有區(qū)別，但start，begin本身為進行式或后接realize,wonder,understand等心理活動的詞時，常用不定式作賓語。如：IbegantorealizethatIwaswrong.下列單詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop，try等remember,stop，try等Stoptodo停下來去做Forgettodo忘記要做Remembertodo記得要做Regrettodo遺憾要做Trytodo企圖做，盡力做Goontodo繼續(xù)做(另一件事)Meantodo打算做例：stopdoing停止做forgetdoing忘記做過rememberdoing記得做過regretdoing后悔做過trydoing試著做goondoing繼續(xù)做(同一件事)meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeansforanotherhourAwaitingBtowaiting Cwait Dtobewaiting—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneneed,require,want作“需要”講，其后用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義，beworth也有類似用法。如：Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing/tobediscussed.permit,allow,forbid,require(要求)doingsth./sbtodosth.跟人作賓語后，必須用不定式作補語。例如：Thisroomwon’tallowsmoking.在這間屋里不準吸煙。Wedonotallowanybodytosmokehere.這里不許吸煙。例：一Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It\'sworthasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動名詞有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的動作或是與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，或是在句中謂語動詞動作之后發(fā)生；而它的完成式所表示的動作則一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞動作之前。例1:Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon\'treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded例2：Tonywasveryunhappyfortotheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvited動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當于一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。（=Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.）Jane’sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。（=ThatJanewascarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.）What’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughfood.煩擾他們的是食物不足。（=What’stroublingthemisthattheyhavenotenoughfood.）在口語中，如果動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。如：Wouldyoumindmy/meusingyourcomputer?用下你的電腦介意嗎？Thefatherinsistedonhisson’s/hissongoingtocollege.爸爸堅決要求兒子上大學(xué)。Mary’s（不可用Mary）beingillmadehermotherupset.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His（不可用Him）smokingmadehisfamilyangry.他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。例：Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you’recalling（Key：C；換成yourcalling也對）例:Whatworriedthechildmostwastovisithismotherinthehospital.hisnotallowinghisnotbeingallowedhisbeingnotallowedhavingnotbeenallowed選擇最佳選項：isagoodformofexerciseforyoungandold.A.WalkB.WalkedC.TowalkD.Walking一Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.一Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.havedoneD.havingdoneIdon’tregretevenifitmighthaveupsether.A.totellherwhatIthoughtB.tohavetoldherthatIthoughtC.tellingwhatIthoughtD.tellingherwhatIthoughtThelibraryneeds,butitwillhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.tocleanC.cleanD.beingcleanedIcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed一Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.一That’sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow一Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel?一Oh,it’sreally.A.wellworthreadingB.verygoodtoreadC.worthyreadingD.worthtobereadWhat’stroublingthemisenoughexperiencedworkers.A.thattheyhavingnoB.theynothaveC.theirnothavingD.nottheirhavingShelikesbutshed