單片機(jī)自動(dòng)控制溫度外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)

外文文獻(xiàn)AbstractClimateconditionscontrolemphasesofautomaticcontrolgreenhousesintroducedfromabroadaredifferentfromtheseinhomeandtheintroducingandproductioncostofthemissohigh,soitisdifficulttopopularizeandusecosmically.Atpresent,ingreenhousesdesignedandbuiltinhomeitse,thedegreeofenvironmentcontrolandmodernmanagementofmostofthemissolow,sotheycannotsatisfycrops'demandforhighproductionandplantingalltheyear;somecanonlycarryoutcontrolonpartialenvironmentfactorswithoutconsideringmutualaffectandcouplingofthemintheprocessofcontrol;somestillneedmanualcontrol;sothesefactorsgreatlyrestrictexertionofeconomicbenefitofgreenhouses.Changingtraditionalmodesofcontrol;practicingcomputermonitoringandestablishinggreenhouseautomaticmonitoringsystemaccordwiththesituationofChinahaveimportantmeaningforquickeningmoderndegreeofgreenhouseproductioninourcountryandincreasingbenefitofgreenhouses.Basedonsummarizingformers'researches,thepaperanalyzesenvironmentalparameterstheintegrativecontrolpropertyofgreenhousesystemsandthecontrolprocesswhichisanonlinear,delayandcomplicatedsystem;Basedonanalyzingmodesofcurrentgreenhousemonitoringsystemsandpropertiesofsingle-chipmicrocomputers,apracticalautomaticmonitoringsystemforgreenhouseenvironmentisdesignedwhichcanrealizethemonitoring ofeveryparameterin greenhouseenvironmentbysyntheticallyusingsensortechnology,fuzzycontroltheory,communicationtechnologyandmicrocomputertechnologyThesystemhardwareiscomposedoftwoparts:alower-levelandahigher-levelcomputer.Thehigher-levelcomputerisaPCmicrocomputerwhichistheheadquarterofthesystemandfinishestheunifiedmanagementandcontrolofagreenhousebywayofCOMportRS-232connectingwiththelower-levelcomputer.Inmonitoringenvironment,thesystemcanfinishmonitoringforthisnonlinearanddelaysystemandrealizecrops'demandforgreenhouseenvironmentbyusingfuzzycontroltheoryandtechnology.Thecentralcomponentofthelower-levelcomputeris8098single-chipmicrocomputerofMCS-96series,whichisusedtocollect,retreatcontrolandcommunicatewiththehigher-levelcomputer.Thesystemsoftwareconsistsoftwoparts.Thehigher-levelsoftwareisdevelopedbyVBandcomposedofsevenmodulesofsettingsystemparameters,demarcatingsensors,ascertainingfuzzycontroltable,connectingandmonitoringreal-timedata,recurringtohistorydataandhelp,andeachmodulehascertainfunctionandeachotherisindependentfromothers.Thelower-levelsoftwareisdevelopedby8098assembleIanguageandcomposedofsixmodulesofamainprogram,asendingandinterruptingserviceprogram,areceivingandinterruptingserviceprogram,ascertainingasamplingcycle,connectingdataandpretreatingdata.Simulativeexperimentshowsthatthewholesystemisconvenienttooperatehighefficient,easytoexpand,hasbetteradaptabilityanduniversalpropertyandestablishescertainbaseforrealizingcontrolsystemdesigwithmanyfactorsingreenhouseenvironment.Keywords:Automaticcontrol,Greenhouse.Single-chipmicrocomputer,Computermonitoringandcontrolling,FuzzycontrolForewordAlongwithcalculatortechniqueofdevelopment,thecalculatordatacollectatechniqueandcontrolthesystemacquireintheproductionlineautomationExtensiveofapplication,itiscomprehensivethecalculator,datacollect,theprocesscontrol,networkcommunicationandsketchmanifestationetc.technique,Withtheinformationobtain,processing,supervisionwithexcellentturnaproductionlineforpurpose,havefunctionstrong,applicationvivid,operationsquareThenetc.characteristics,havethusextensiveofapplicationforegroundGal.Beclosetomorethanteninthelastyearses,itFthebeginningistotheagricultureresearch,producetogetTheareapermeateandpromotedtraditionagricultureproductioncontrolmodetocalculatorimitate,autocontrolmodechange.EspeciallyestablishAgricultureofriseandglasshousecultivationtechniqueofexpansion,accelerationthcalculatorisontheagricultureofapplicationstep[atlIaslfttl.TogetherHourcontroltheoriesalsoalongwithindustryandmodernscieneetechniqueandflyofcalculatorsoondevelopmentbutexperieneefrom"classiccontrolTheories"one"moderncontroltheories"~"bigsystemtheories"and"intelligencecontroltheories"one"mistycontroltheories"Ofafewstage.Mistycontroltheoriesalongwithcalculatortechniqueofprogressandoneselftheoriesofcontinuouslydevelopment,atnotlineOf,complicationsofhardestablishmentprecisionmathematicsmodelofinthesystemgeextensiveofapplication。Glasshousesupervisiontechniqueiswithautoexaminationtechnique,intelligencecontroltheories,calculatortechniqueofdevelopmentbutdevelopmentgetup.70's,adoptionimitatetypeunitcombinationtheappearancecollectthespotinformation,andwithcorrespondofimitatetypeequipcarryondesignation,Recordandcontrol.80's,adoptionnumeraltypeunitcombinationtheappearanceacceptthespotinformation,andwithcorrespondofnumeraltypeEquiptocarryonmanifestation,recordandcontrol.Alongwiththe4CCommuputer.Communication,CRT,ControlFlyoftechniquesoondevelopment,80'stheendappearedadistributetypecontrolsystemandpassmonitorunit,controlunit'setc.establishHavecollectthespotinformationcombinerealizationpartcontrol.Thedataofthissystemcollect,communication,adjusttheabilityofcontrolstrong,makesupervisionThetechniqueattainanewlevel.90's,creationthecalculatordatacollectwithcontrolsystem,ithaveadistributetypeControlthesystemcollect,saving,communication,processingfunction,againcompensatedistributetypesystembig,priceGao,applicationinconvenienceOfshortage,sogotintheworkagriculturetheautomationextensiveofapplicationDomesticandinternationaldevelopmentcircumstanceGlasshouseconductandactions1kindisthefarmcropgrowthcreatefeatenvironmentofagriculturefacilities,canseeintoahalfindependenceinnatureBoundarythehalfofthebigweatherclosetypeofartificialeco-system,itcanavertfromtheexternalworldvariousdisadvantageousfactorofinfluenee,improvementorCreatebetterenvironmentweather.Alongwithcalculatortechniqueofprogressandintelligeneecontroltheoriesofdevelopment,hundredyearscome,Theroomisafacilitiesagricultureofimportanceconstitutepart,itautocontrolandmanagementtechniquecontinuouslycanexaltation,intheworld-widelocationsAllgotasubstantialdevelopment[3].Especially20centuryaskofthefastfiercedevelopmentandmicrocomputeroftechniqueofthe70ageelectronicsAlifetime,moremakethecontroltechniqueoftheglasshouseenvironmentcreationrevolutionvariety.Theglasshousecontrolmostlyexperieneedmoveonemachin&Dispersiontheelectricitycontrolsystemamulti-functionconcentrationelectronicscontrolsetonethetinymachinebecomprehensivecontrolthisseveraldevelopmentstage,traditionofglasshouseControlmethod,allexistenceobviousofblemish,adoptiontheseway,imitatecomplicationsthefarmcropintheweatherenvironmentplaceofPartialenvironmentalmostandimpossiblyof,wantarealizationrightnessvariousmutuallycheckandsupervision,mutuallyinfluenceofsynthesizeofenvironmentfactorcontrolAlsoverydifficulty.80's,changewitheachpassingdayalongwiththemicrocomputeroftheprogressandpricebesignificanttodescend,andtoglasshouseTheexaltationofenvironmentrequest,taketinymachineastheglasshouseofcorecomprehensiveenvironmentcontrolsystem,atEuropeandAmericaandJapanacquiresubstantialofDevelopment,andexceedtoturnintelligencetoturnastageintothenetworkAbroadmodernizationglasshouseofinnerpartfacilitiesalreadydevelopmenttomorecompleteextent,andformationcertainofstandard.Eachenvironmentfactorintheglasshousemostlyfromcalculatorconcentrationcontrol,sotheexaminationspreadafeelingmachinealsomorewell-found,suchasglasshouseinsideOutsideofthetemperature,degreeofhumidity,lightshineondegree,Cdensity,nourishmentliquiddensity…etc.,fromspreadingtheexaminationoffeelingmachinebasicallycanrealizationToeachperformanceorganizationofautocontrol,suchashavenotheclassregulateofskylightwellventilatedthereducetheheatofsystem,wetLainandfankitfastenAll,canautoaccepttoputofhideYinactorcoldyarn,constitutetofromthehotwaterboilerorthehotbreezemachineofheatsystem,canbeinfixedtimeSpraytoinfuseorthedropinfuseofirrigationsystemandcarbondioxideapplyfertilizersystem,somestillhavehousenoodlesglawtoflushsystem,machinePersonautoresultssystem,andbeapplicabletothefarmmachineryofglasshousehomeworketc..ThecalculatorcontrolsthesesystemsFnotBEsimple,independence,staticstateofcalculatordirectnumeralcontrol,butaccordingtothedirectoftheenvironmentmodelcontrol,Andaccordingtotheartificialintelligencecontrolofexpertsystem,thissystemcanprovidetoincludewhatfarmcropplantfortheglasshousegovernorEconomyanalysis,plantdiseasesandsysteminformationinsect andcure insideof decisionOurcountryglasshousefacilitiesofusageoppositecomparenight,60'sonlymakeuseofsimpletypeplasticsbigPengtoplantavegetable.1966TheyearJilinprovincialgovernorspringCityconstructourcountryaPangwithbigplastics,theareabeonly500squaremattresses,arrive70's,economyenergytypeSunlightglasshousebeginningatourcountryapplication,andgetmorequickdevelopment,to1981,basis19city,autonomousregionallAccount,theprotectiongroundaccumulateto1.60,000hectare,shareavegetabletoplantareaof4.3596,amongthem,theglasshousebeonly1500hectaresandshareVegetableplotareaof0.496.Julytill1994,wholecountryprivatelyownedeconomyenergytypethesunlightglasshousebe1,150,000acres,bigPeng40010000acre,thetotalareareachesto5,150,000acres.Butlargeglassstructuretheglasshouseisintheourcountrydevelopmentalwaysmoreslow,untilthebeginningof80's,JustsuccessivelyusheringinintoasetaglasshouseequipmentsfromHolland,theUnitedStates,Japanismorethan40,maindistributeinPeking,Shanghai,GuangzhouWaitbigcitysurroundings,ourcountryoneselfproduceofglassglasshouseamountless,alsobecauseofitinnerpartthefacilitiesbemoresimpleandcrudeandproduceQualityquantityandusefunctionalllowoutsidethecountryaforerunneraproduct,influeneedomesticglasshouseofexpansionandusageOurcountryforglasshousecontrolsystemofresearchcomparisonnight,arrive80's,justcarryontotheartificialweatherroomTinymachinecontrol,suchasheavycelebrateGunJiartificialweatherroomoflistslicemachinecontrolsystem,andShanghaiplanttolivingofartificialweatherRoom.Afterwardtocalculatorglasshousecontrolsystemofresearchhasn'tbeenbreakoff,goto1995,agricultureuniversityinPekinggrindMakeintotheachievement'tspeTc-1experimentglasshouseenvironmentsupervisioncalculatormanagementsystem",thissystembelongtoasmallscaleddistributetypedatatoadoptGathercontrolsystem;ScieneeandengineeringuniversityinJiangsudevelopsuccesstocontroltheplantfactorythatthemachinecarryonamanagementsystemwiththework:industryinJilinbigTheintelligeneewhichlearntodevelopsuccesstousedforglasshousespraywatercontroller,canshineonadegreetocomefromaccordingtothetemperature,degreeofhumidityintheglasshouseandthelightMovetoadjusttospraywaterquantity:farmmachineryinChinaturnscienceinstituteforresearchtodevelopintonewintelligenceglasshouse,frombigPangessence,wellventilateddeclineThesystem,solarenergystoretosavethesystem,fuelhotbreezetoheatsystem,irrigationsystem,calculatorenvironmenttheparametermeasuretocontrolsystemEtc.constitute;ReturntohavemanyGaoDeng3'scollege,researchhospitaltoallbecarryonglasshousecontrolsystemofrelatedresearch,andmanyTheunitallhasalreadystartedtosetuporwillstarttosetupthetotalframeofglasshousecontrolsystem.Totaltopsay,ourcountrycurrentlyfacilitiescultivationcomprehensiveenvironmentcontrolthetechniquelevelbelowandadjusttheabilityofcontrolbad,andwithlistTheenvironmentfactoradjusttocontrolanequipmentsforlord,taketohavecomprehensiveenvironmentautocontrolofhightechnologytheglasshousebemaindependfromabroadusherin.Accordingtolocalexistingfacilitiescultivationmanufacturingfoundation,itsfacilitiesframeandsubsidiaryfacilitiespartbasicabilitysatisfyrequest,leadThekeyenteriscontrolsystemandcontrolmanagementtechnique.Fromcurrentofresearchcircumstaneetosee,ourcountryofglasshousecontrolsystemresearchthelevelheelabroadstillhavebiggermargin,lordWanttoexpressafewaspectinthefollowing:Oneisdidn'yetestablishmentglasshousestructureofnationstandard,theresearchergiveofcontrolthesystembemostlystrongertoaimatsex.Becauseglasshousestructurethousandbadtenthousanddonot,performaneetheorganizatiobenoteachhomology,forcontrolsystemofgoodandbadlackhorizontallycanratio.Twoislackwithourcountry'sweathercharacteristicsmutuallyorientationofglasshousecontrolsoftware.TheourcountryusheringlasshousecurrentlyofcontrolsystemMostlyinvestmentbig,circulatetheexpensesleadGoo,andcontrolsysteminlayparticularemphasisonconsiderationofenvironmentparameterandourcountryofweatherespecially.Pointexisteneeantinomy,suchasHollandbecauseoftemperaturevarietyverysmall,soreducetheheat,wellventilatedproblemconsiderationfew,butadoptlighttheproblemtestLyegetmore,ifthiskindofglasshouseapplicationinregioninourcountryXinjiang,affirmationisanaccommodationnot,becauseofthedifferenceintemperatureofXinjiangThevarietyisbig.Threeisanourcountrycomprehensiveenvironmentcontroltechniqueofresearchjuststart,stillstayaroundresearchcurrentlylistenvironmentfactorAdjustastageofcontrolthetechnique,butactually,thedayintheglasshouseshoot,airdegreeofhumidity,soildegreeofhumidityofthequantity,airtemperature,ground,COzdensityetc.environmentfactor,growfarmcropacreationinfluenceinmutuallytheinfluence,mutuallytheappearanceofcheckandsupervision,wreathThespaceoftheJingmainfactorvariety,timevarietyallverycomplex.Inaddition,itisexcellenttoturnavalueoftheenactmentbeacomplicationsofwork,makeThinggrowthismanyfactorcomprehensivefunctionofresult,bewechangesomeoneenvironmentfactor,oftenpairofotherenvironmentfactorChangetoanunwellproperlevelup,therefore,thegrowthmodel,glasshouseofthephysicsmodel,farmcropintheglasshouseproduceOfeconomymodelknotputtogether,carryonfarmcropgrowthenvironmentparameterofexcellentturnresearch,developmentbeasetoftolivingwithourcountryglasshouseProducepresentconditionmutuallyorientationoftheenvironmentcontrolsoftwarebecountformuch.文獻(xiàn)翻譯我國(guó)從國(guó)外引進(jìn)的自動(dòng)控制溫室，由于控制的側(cè)重點(diǎn)與我國(guó)氣候條件不相匹配，且引進(jìn)價(jià)格昂貴，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高，因此難于在我國(guó)大規(guī)模推廣和應(yīng)用。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)自行設(shè)計(jì)、自行建造的溫室，大部分控制水平較低，現(xiàn)代化管理水平不高，不能滿足作物全年高產(chǎn)栽培的要求，有些只能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)部分環(huán)境因子的控制，在控制過(guò)程中沒有考慮環(huán)境因子之間的相互影響、相互禍合關(guān)系 ；有些還需要人工控制。這些因素都極大地制約了溫室經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的發(fā)揮。 改變傳統(tǒng)的控制方式，實(shí)行計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控，建立符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的溫室自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)，對(duì)加快我國(guó)溫室生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)代化水平及提高溫室的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益均具有重要意義。作者在總結(jié)前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了溫室系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境參數(shù)、綜合控制特性、以及溫室控制過(guò)程這個(gè)非線性、大滯后的復(fù)雜過(guò)程 ；在分析現(xiàn)有溫室監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)模式及單片機(jī)特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用傳感器技術(shù)、模糊控制理論、通訊技術(shù)和微型計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，自行設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)實(shí)用的溫室環(huán)境自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)， 可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)溫室環(huán)境各參數(shù)的監(jiān)控。本系統(tǒng)硬件由上級(jí)機(jī)和下級(jí)機(jī)兩部分組成。上級(jí)機(jī)為 PC微型計(jì)算機(jī)，它是整個(gè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的指揮中心，與下級(jí)機(jī)通過(guò)串行通信接口電路 RS-232相連，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)溫室的統(tǒng)一管理和控制。在環(huán)境監(jiān)控方面，應(yīng)用模糊控制技術(shù)與理論，對(duì)溫室這種非線性、滯后大的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)作物對(duì)溫室環(huán)境的要求。下級(jí)機(jī)的核心部件是MCS-%系列中的8098單片機(jī)，由它完成對(duì)溫室環(huán)境參數(shù)的采集、預(yù)處理、控制以及與上級(jí)機(jī)之間的數(shù)據(jù)通信。系統(tǒng)軟件由兩部分組成。上級(jí)機(jī)軟件用vb開發(fā)，主要由系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)定模塊、傳感器標(biāo)定曲線程序模塊、控制參數(shù)設(shè)定模塊、模糊控制總表確定模塊、數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)采集監(jiān)控模塊、歷史數(shù)據(jù)再現(xiàn)模塊、幫助文件模塊等7大模塊組成，每個(gè)模塊都有一定的功能，并且相互獨(dú)立。下級(jí)機(jī)軟件用8098單片機(jī)匯編語(yǔ)言開發(fā)，主要由主程序模塊、發(fā)送中斷服務(wù)程序模塊，接收中斷服務(wù)程序模塊、采樣周期確定模塊、數(shù)據(jù)采集程序模塊、數(shù)據(jù)處理程序模塊等6大模塊組成。通過(guò)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的驗(yàn)證，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)操作方便、容錯(cuò)能力強(qiáng)、效率高且容易擴(kuò)展，通用性、適用性都較強(qiáng)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室環(huán)境的多因素控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)奠定了一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。詞關(guān)鍵:溫室單片機(jī)模糊控制?、八、-一刖言隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)與控制系統(tǒng)在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)化中獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用，它綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)據(jù)采集、過(guò)程控制、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊和圖形顯示等技術(shù)，以信息的獲取、處理、監(jiān)控和優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程為目的，具有功能強(qiáng)、應(yīng)用靈活、操作方便等特點(diǎn)，從而具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。近十多年來(lái)，它己開始向農(nóng)業(yè)科研、生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域滲透，促進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理模式向計(jì)算機(jī)模擬、自動(dòng)控制模式轉(zhuǎn)變。特別是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的興起和溫室栽培技術(shù)的推廣， 加速了計(jì)算機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用步伐。同時(shí)控制理論也隨著工業(yè)和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)以及計(jì)算機(jī)的飛速發(fā)展而經(jīng)歷了從經(jīng)典控制理論”一現(xiàn)代控制理論”~犬系統(tǒng)理論”和智能控制理論”一模糊控制理論”的幾個(gè)階段。模糊控制理論隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和自身理論的不斷發(fā)展，在非線性的、復(fù)雜的難以建立精確數(shù)學(xué)模型的系統(tǒng)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用溫室監(jiān)控技術(shù)是隨自動(dòng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)、智能控制理論、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。七十年代，采用模擬式單元組合儀表采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信息，并以相應(yīng)的模擬式裝置進(jìn)行指示、記錄和控制。八十年代，采用數(shù)字式單元組合儀表接受現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信息，并以相應(yīng)的數(shù)字式裝置進(jìn)行顯示、記錄和控制。隨著4C(Commuputer.Communication,CRT,Control)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，八十年代末出現(xiàn)了分布式控制系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)單元、控制單元等設(shè)備采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信息并實(shí)現(xiàn)部分控制。這類系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集、通訊、調(diào)控能力強(qiáng)，使監(jiān)控技術(shù)達(dá)到一個(gè)新水平。九十年代，產(chǎn)生了計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制系統(tǒng)，它具有分布式控制系統(tǒng)采集、存儲(chǔ)、通訊、處理功能，又補(bǔ)償了分布式系統(tǒng)大、價(jià)格高、應(yīng)用不便的不足，所以在工農(nóng)業(yè)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用二國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況溫室作為一種為作物生長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造適宜環(huán)境的農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施，可看成是一個(gè)半獨(dú)立于自然界大氣候的半封閉式的人工生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，它可以避開外界種種不利因素的影響，改善或創(chuàng)造更佳的環(huán)境氣候。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和智能控制理論的發(fā)展，近百年來(lái)，溫室作為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的重要組成部分，其自動(dòng)控制和管理技術(shù)不斷得以提高，在世界各地都得到了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。特別是二十世紀(jì) 70年代電子技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的問(wèn)世，更使溫室環(huán)境控制技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了革命性的變化。溫室控制大致經(jīng)歷了芋動(dòng)一機(jī)械-分散電控系統(tǒng)一多功能集中