(完整)上海牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié),推薦文檔

上海牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有usuallyofteneverydaysometimes,always,atweekends，onSundays等表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成：1）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+其他女0：Iamastudent.HeisJim'sfatherTheyarefromJapan.2）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)（非第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形+其他女口：IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他女口：JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsonSundays.Shesometimesgoestotheparkwithhermother.3、3、①②③④動(dòng)詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則：4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答TheywatchTVeveryday.Theydon'twatchTVeveryday.一DotheywatchTVeveryday?一Yes,theydo./No,thdpn'tShewatchesTVeveryday.Shedoesn'twatchTVeveryday.一DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,shedoes./No,shdoesn't現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句中常有now,look,liste等詞。0：Iamwashingclothesnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimbingthetree.Listen!Janeissinginginthemusicroom.2、構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞（V-ing）3、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加mg~女口：read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e,再加ing女口：write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking|以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加ing女口：sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting4、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,它既有名詞性質(zhì)（可作主語(yǔ)）,又有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語(yǔ)）女：AskingthewayMyhobbyiscollectingstamps.Heisgoodatskating.5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn'trunningnow.—Isherunningnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn't.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren'tmakingapuppet.—Aretheymakingapuppet?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、定義：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,女a(chǎn)momentago,justnow,yesterday,lastweek,thismorning等。女口：Mybrotheroftenwenttoschoolbybikelastterm.Thewatchwasbesidethediaryamomentago.IwatchedthemoonandatethemooncakeslastMid-AutumnFestival.Jimwenttothesupermarketyesterday.2、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式＋其他3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：|一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed女：play-played,listen-listened,look-looked

|結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞，加d女口：live-lived,like-liked,taste-tasted③輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i,再加ed女口：study-studied,carry-carried，cry-cried④末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙與這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed女口：stop-stopped,plan-planned⑤不規(guī)則變化如：am/is-wassit-satgive-gaveeat-ateare-weretell-toldread-readfly-flewhave/has-hadsee-sawbuy-boughtmeet-metdo-didget-gotcome-cameput-putgo-wentmake-madedraw-drewrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答HewatchedTVyesterday.Hedidn'twatchTVyesterday.—DidhewatchTVyesterday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn't.Theyplayedgamesjustnow.Theydidn'tplaygamesjustnow.—Didtheyplaygamesjustnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中一般含有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：tomorrowmorning,nextweek,thisafternoon等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成：①begongto+動(dòng)詞原形女口：IamgoingtoseeaBeijingoperatomorrow.Wearegoingtomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.DadandIaregoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.②will+動(dòng)詞原形如：Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.3、begoingto和will區(qū)別：begoingto表示經(jīng)過(guò)事先安排、打算或決定要做的事情，基本上一定會(huì)發(fā)生；will則表示有可能去做,但不一定發(fā)生,也常表示說(shuō)話人的臨時(shí)決定。如：Iamgoingtotakepartinapartythisevening.Theyarecleaningthelibrarynow.I'llgoandjointhem.begoingto表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情；will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如：Heisgoingtowritealettertomorrow.Iwillmeetheroneday.begoingto還可以用來(lái)表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如：Look!It'sgoingtorain.4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答Sheisgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.Sheisn'tgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.—Isshegoingtohaveapicnictomorrow?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn't.Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.Theywillnot(won't)goswimmingthisafternoon.—Willtheygoswimmingthisafternoon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon't.句法1、陳述句說(shuō)明事實(shí)或陳述說(shuō)話人觀點(diǎn)的句子?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他1）肯定陳述句Wealllikepandasverymuch.2）否定陳述句Hedoesn'tdohouseworkatweekends3）肯定陳述句改否定陳述句一般是在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not。Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>Marywasnotatschoolyesterday.Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Icannotmakeamodelplane.不含be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，行為動(dòng)詞前要用助動(dòng)詞的否定式（don't,doesn't,didn't）,后面跟動(dòng)詞的原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Hedoesn'tlikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Ididn'tgototheparkyesterday.4）陳述句改一般疑問(wèn)句有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>WasMaryatschoolyesterday?Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Canyoumakeamodelplane?不含be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，借助助動(dòng)詞開頭，動(dòng)詞還原成原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Doeshelikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Didyougototheparkyesterday?2、疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題，詢問(wèn)情況的句子，末尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。1）一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事是否屬實(shí)，通常以be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭，用yes或no來(lái)回答，因此又叫是非疑問(wèn)句，通常讀升調(diào)?！狪sMrGreenfromtheUK?—Yes，heis./No，heisn't.—Doyouhaveanyhobbies?—Yes，Ido./No，Idon't.

2)34312412512)—Canyouplaytheguitar?—Yes，Ican./No，Ican't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具體問(wèn)題，不能用yes或no來(lái)回答。一Howdoyougotoworkeveryday?—Igotoworkbycar.選擇疑問(wèn)句：提供兩種或兩種以上情況，讓對(duì)方選擇，往往用or連接?！猈ouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?—Somecoffee,please.反意疑問(wèn)句：反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問(wèn)句組成?！狪t'safineday,isn'tit?—Yes,itis.祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。用于第二人稱，通常省略you?？隙ㄆ硎咕洌篛penthedoor,please.否定祈使句：Don'tbelateagain.用于第一人稱和第三人稱，通常以let(let后跟賓格)或shall開頭。Letmehavealook.Let'splayagamenow.Lethimgohomenow.ShallwemeetatonethirtyinfrontoftheGardenTheatre?感嘆句表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾常用感嘆號(hào)(!)，語(yǔ)氣用降調(diào)。what+名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)Whatabiggarden(itis)!Whataninterestingstorybook(itis)!Whatlovelyweather(itis)!Whatprettygirls(theyare)!how+形容詞或副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞Hownice!Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowtallYaoMingis!therebe句型表示在某地有某人或某物。主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is(was)；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are(were)。Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Therearesomepeachesintheba