考研考博-英語-廣西理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecompanymademoreprofitinthatonemonththanitmadeinthewholeofthe（）year.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.unpreceding

【答案】C

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。previously“以前”；proceeding“程序，訴訟”；preceding“在前的，先前的”；unpreceding“空前的，前所未有的”。句意：公司在那一個(gè)月創(chuàng)造的收益比整個(gè)前年的多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assembly“集會；集合”；B選項(xiàng)session“會議；（法庭的）開庭；（議會等的）開會”；C選項(xiàng)conference“會議；協(xié)商”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的；慣例的”。句意：污染問題，還有其他幾個(gè)問題，將于明年春季代表……再次召開時(shí)討論。根據(jù)前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，做thecongress“代表大會”的表語。由此可排除D選項(xiàng)。conference為正式用詞，一般指大型會議，各國之間的協(xié)商、會談等。assembly多指一個(gè)通常有許多人參加、計(jì)劃好的，為某一特殊目的而召集的會議。session一般指議會等召開的正式會議，也可指法庭之休庭期，會議之會期。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞again“再一次”，說明現(xiàn)在的會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束，需要等到下一個(gè)會期再進(jìn)行討論，insession“會議期”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thefearofsmallpox,whichterrorizedtheeighteenthcentury,hasnoanalogytoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occurrence

B.remnants

C.witness

D.parallel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。analogy表示“類比，類推，類似”；A項(xiàng)occurrence“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，事件”，B項(xiàng)remnant“殘余，殘留物”，C項(xiàng)witness“證人，目擊者，證據(jù)”，D項(xiàng)parallel“平行線，對比”。句意：對天花的恐懼，曾使18世紀(jì)的人們驚恐萬分，如今卻無法與之相提并論。根據(jù)句意可知，D項(xiàng)符合語境。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Fromtheearliestdecadesofcolonizationtothe20thcentury,Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.NotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersliketheforesterGiffordPinchot,andpoliticianslikeTheodoreRoosevelt.Themovementwasaresponsetoanevidentdwindlingofknowmineralresources,thedecimationofvirginforests,andadeclineinthefishandgameavailabletosportsmen.Itwasalsoanintegralexpressionofthepoliticalmovementknownasprogressivism,whichstressed,amongotherthings,theuseofgovernmentpower,guidedbyscientificknowledgeanddemocraticprinciples,tosolvenational,social,andeconomicproblems.Theprogressiveconservationistspushedintoexistenceasubstantialbodyoflegislationatstateandnationallevelsthataimedattherationalmanagementofresources.Forthemostpart,however,theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.

Bythe1920’sprogressivismhadfadedaway,butitsenthusiasmforscientificmanagementandresearchremainedactiveinthebusinesscommunity.Boththecommitmenttoresourcemanagementresearchbyindustryandtheallocationoffundstoseekoutuntappedresourcesgrewrapidly.Scienceandtechnologylinkedupmorecloselythanbeforetodevisemeansfortheirexploitation.

Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.Thedevelopmentofelectricpowerraisedmanufacturingproductivityandthematerialstandardofliving,butalsopollutedtheairthroughthecombustionoffossilfuelsinhugeamounts.Thespreadofautomotivetransportationentailedmobilityandproductivity,butexactedthepriceoflong-termenvironmentalcosts,voraciousenergyconsumption,andexpropriationoflandforrailways.Themultifacetedpetrochemicalindustrylistedamongitsbenefitsbetteragriculturalproductivityfromtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,butcontributedheavilytoair,water,andsoilpollution.TheaviationindustrypromotedmobilityandcohesionwithinthenationandhelpedtoendAmericanisolationfromtherestoftheworld,butpromotedanewdimensionofairandnoisepollution,energydemands,andpressureonscarcelandinurbanareasforairports.

AmericanurbanizationandindustrializationcontinuedtoacceleratebetweenWorldWarIandthe1970's,withonlyatemporaryslumpinthedepressionera.Demandforiron,steel,coal,oil,gas,water,andfoodrockedaheadduringtheseyears,stimulatedparticularlybytheeconomicgrowthassociatedwithWorldWarII.Bythe1970'stheindustrialmightoftheUnitedStateswasanoverpoweringnationalandglobalreality.Withsixpercentoftheworld'speople,itconsumesannuallysomethirty-fivepercentoftheworld'savailableresources,whilegeneratingproportionateburdensofharmfulwastes.WhileAmericanshavebeenproudoftheirtechnicalandindustrialpreeminence,itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.

1.TheAmericanshavealwaysbelievedthattheUnitedStates（）.

2.ProgressinenvironmentalprotectionintheUnitedStateswouldnothavebeenpossibleifithadnotbeenfor（）.

3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsenvironmentallawsandregulationsintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

4.Inparagraph3,theauthortriestoaccountfor（）intheUnitedStates.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagemeansthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasthelargestlandareaintheworld

B.enjoysinexhaustibleresources

C.isademocracythatiscelebratedbyothercountries

D.willdevelopaconservationmovementbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersandpoliticians

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecommitmentsofkeyprofessionalsandpoliticians

B.hardevidencesofenvironmentaldegradation

C.theprevalentpoliticalideology

D.alltheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.misleading

C.positive

D.neutral

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedeclineofprogressivism

B.continuedtechnologicalandeconomicadvances

C.worseningecologicalconditions

D.thecontributionsofresourcesinindustrialgrowth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.economicprogresshastakenaserioustollonecologyintheUnitedStates

B.theeconomicstatusoftheUnitedStatesisablessing

C.theAmericansshouldberemindedoftheneedtoprotectnature

D.theUnitedStatesneedstoconductprofoundecologicalresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章開頭，“Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.”，可知美國人慶祝并且理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他們的土地資源似乎無窮無盡?？赏茢喑雒绹耸冀K相信，他們的可以享受無窮無盡的資源。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Notuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagers…”，可知專業(yè)資深管理人員發(fā)起了進(jìn)步運(yùn)動。以及下文提到一些進(jìn)步主義者提出制定法律對資源進(jìn)行合理利用。選項(xiàng)A和C符合題意。又根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段提到了美國的環(huán)境問題，可知環(huán)境退化已經(jīng)具有了確鑿的證據(jù)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。所以A，B，C三項(xiàng)都包括，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.”，可知作者認(rèn)為這些法律的形式多于實(shí)質(zhì)，在實(shí)踐中，對自然的剝削仍在繼續(xù)，而且沒有受到限制。所以作者對美國環(huán)保法律法規(guī)的態(tài)度是批判的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.”，可知科學(xué)、技術(shù)和商業(yè)利益的融合不僅促進(jìn)了老工業(yè)的持續(xù)增長，而且還催生了以環(huán)境問題為代價(jià)的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張的新工業(yè)。下文繼續(xù)舉例說明了一些工業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展給環(huán)境帶來了巨大的破壞?？赏茢喑鲎髡咴诘谌沃饕墙忉屃嗣绹h(huán)境惡化的原因。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“…itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.”，可知直到20世紀(jì)50年代，有說服力的環(huán)境思想才開始提醒他們，成為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)超級大國是一件喜憂參半的事情，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展同時(shí)也帶來了嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。可推斷出經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展對美國的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（

）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如聯(lián)合王國（英國）的其它地方那樣，義務(wù)教育在蘇格蘭開始于5歲，

結(jié)束于16歲。

考查形容詞辨析。Compelling引人入勝的,扣人心弦的,非常強(qiáng)烈的,不可抗拒的;forced被迫的,不得已的,勉強(qiáng)的;obliged有義務(wù)的;compulsory(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的。此處指國家對義務(wù)教育的規(guī)定,故D符合句意。

6.單選題

Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.

Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.

Thisisalie.

Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多動癥發(fā)病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.

Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.

Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.

ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet-foronly$199-alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.

Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames-whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand"engaging”manner.

Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto"engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates(使……惡化)theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.

Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents-untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.(BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.)

DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?

Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndia’sbillion-pluspopulation.

Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology's“LawofAmplification":technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it"cancauseoutrightharm."Headded,"Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”

Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.

SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies-andalloftheirhypnoticscreens.

1.Theauthorimpliesthatthescreenrevolution（）.

2.Whatdoes“l(fā)ie”inpara.3mean?

3.Whydotheclassroomhigh-techsattractpeoplelikeMurdoch?

4.“Luddite”inparagraph12meansapersonwhoisopposedto（）.

5.Itseemsthattheauthorapproveshighlyof（）intheclassroomandschooleducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hindersthechangeoftheteachingmethods

B.helpsthestudyofteachingmethodsdevelop

C.dominatesthestudyofteachingmethods

D.changestogetherwiththechangeofthestudyofteachingmethods

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Techintheclassroomleadstoworseeducationaloutcomesforkids

B.NoteveryclassroomintheU.S.isequippedwithscreens

C.Technologyintheclassroomisnecessaryandbeneficialineducation

D.Raisedonahigh-techdietappearstobeadirectbyproductofthekids'digitalimmersion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Followthemoney

B.Followtheroutineofhigh-tech

C.Advocatefundamentaleducation

D.Enlargetheinfluenceoftheirownbrands

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.democracy

B.newtechnology

C.work

D.education

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.smartboards

B.chromebooks

C.humaninteraction

D.on-linelearning

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題干詢問：作者暗示，屏幕革命如何？根據(jù)原文第三段“Thisisalie”可知，這是作者對于上文提到的“…wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.”這一觀點(diǎn)持有否定態(tài)度，不應(yīng)該將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展。而根據(jù)原文第四段第一句“Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.”可知，這些技術(shù)不僅會使孩子們的課堂教學(xué)質(zhì)量下降，還會對孩子造成傷害。因此，可排除B選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，technology在教育界占有重要地位，而不是screenrevolution，故排除C；而D選項(xiàng)“隨著教學(xué)方法研究的變化而變化”在原文中并未提及。所以，只有A項(xiàng)“阻礙教育方法的改變”最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：第三段中的“l(fā)ie”指的是什么？根據(jù)上下文可知，第三段中的this指代的是上文第二段提出的“將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展”這一觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)就是謊言，所以是對這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行否定。因此，通過分析上下文語境可知，“l(fā)ie”是指C選項(xiàng)“課堂上的技術(shù)是必要的，對教育也是有益的”。A選項(xiàng)表示“教室里的科技導(dǎo)致了孩子們更糟糕的教育結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)表示“不是美國的每個(gè)教室都有屏幕”，D選項(xiàng)表示“在高科技飲食中長大似乎是孩子們沉浸數(shù)字的直接副產(chǎn)品”。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：為什么課堂高科技會吸引像默多克這樣的人？在原文第五段，作者將課堂科技比作特洛伊木馬，而課堂科技之所以能進(jìn)入課堂，都是因?yàn)楹笪奶岬降摹癴ollowthemoney”。接著作者講到課堂科技擁有巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值，而這樣的淘金熱自然會吸引默多克這樣的大亨。由此可知，默多克這樣的人被吸引而來主要是為了追求財(cái)富。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：第12段中“Luddite”是指反對什么的人？將“Luddite”定位到原文中第12段可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，Dr.KentaroToyama是一位非“Luddite”，而他認(rèn)為課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問題。那么，“Luddite”自然就是反對“課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問題”的人，也就是反對新技術(shù)的人。由此可以判斷，B選項(xiàng)表述符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：作者似乎高度贊揚(yáng)課堂和學(xué)校教育中的什么？根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.”可知，我們把自己對于科技的迷戀投射到了課堂上，認(rèn)為我們的學(xué)生寧可學(xué)習(xí)使用小工具。然而，他們渴望和需要的是與有血有肉的教育者進(jìn)行接觸。所以作者提倡在課堂和學(xué)校教育中需要的是人與人之間的互動。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Once,ataparty,Iwasintroducedtoafriendofafriend.Weshookhands,Itoldhermyname,shetoldmehers.ThenshedidsomethingthatIwaseversogratefulfor.“Hangon,”shesaid.“Canyousayyournameagain?Iwasn’treallylistening.”Shesavedmefromhavingtolater—possiblyevenatthesameparty—sheepishlyadmitthatI,too,hadalreadyforgottenhername.

AninformalpolloffellowAtlanticstaffersconfirmedmysuspicionthatthisissomethingthathappenstoeventhemostkindandconscientiousamongus.Nosoonerdoessomeoneutterthemostfundamentalfactoidaboutthemselvesthantheinformationfleesourbrainsforever.

Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

You’renotreallythatinterested:Maybeyou’rejustmakinganappearanceatthispartyandareplanningtoabscondshortlytoasuperiorkick-back.Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships,”RichardHarris,professorofpsychologyatKansasStateUniversity,toldScienceDaily.“Theywouldbemoremotivatedtoremembersomebody’sname.”

Therearetwotypesofstorageinthebrain:Long-termandshort-term.Theshort-termvarietyiscalled“workingmemory,”anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.“Youcanholdjustalittlebitofinformationthereandifyoudon’tconcentrateonit,itfadesawayrapidly,”PaulReber,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldmeinanemail.“Informationlikeanameneedstobetransferredtoadifferentbrainsystemthatcreateslong-termmemoriesthatpersistovertime.”

There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.“Humanmemoryisverygoodatthingslikefacesandfactualinformationthatconnectswelltootherinformationyoualreadyknow,”Rebersaid.Thenameendsupneitherconnectingtowhatyoualreadyknownorstandingoutasunusual,”Rebersaid.“Soyougetthisfunnyphenomenonwhereyoucanrememberlotsaboutapersonyourecentlymet—everythingexcepttheirname(thishappenstomeallthetime).”

1.Theauthorpointsoutinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（）.

2.AccordingtoRichardHarris,howwellwerememberanameisrelatedto（）.

3.WhatistheproblemmentionedinParagraph5?

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph6thatnamesare（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wewanttoknowhowtorememberotherpeople’sname

B.weoftenfeelsorryforforgettingotherpeople’sname

C.itisimportanttorememberotherpeople’sname

D.itisjustcommontoforgetotherpeople’sname

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whetheritisnecessarytodoit

B.whetherthenameiseasytoremember

C.howgoodourmemoryis

D.howinterestedweareinthatperson

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Limitofworkingmemory.

B.Confusinginformation.

C.Malfunctionofthebrain.

D.Toomuchinformation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.symbolic

B.pointless

C.unique

D.informative

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.What’sinaname?

B.What’syourname,again?

C.Don’tforgetmyname

D.That’smyname

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。前兩段作者根據(jù)自己的親身經(jīng)歷講述我們經(jīng)常忘記別人的名字。該題的解題關(guān)鍵在于要聯(lián)系上下文，第三段說道“Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

（出現(xiàn)這種情況有以下幾個(gè)原因：）”，那么最能承接這句話的就是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“我們想知道如何記住別人的名字”；B選項(xiàng)“我們常常因?yàn)橥浟藙e人的名字而感到抱歉”；C選項(xiàng)“記住別人的名字是很重要的”都和下文聯(lián)系不大，所以D選項(xiàng)“忘記別人的名字是很正常的”正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段中指出“Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.（你的興趣程度會影響你記憶的好壞。）”，RichardHarris的研究指出也表明“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships（有些人可能更有社會意識，對人更感興趣，對人際關(guān)系更感興趣。）”，A選項(xiàng)“是否有必要做這件事”；B選項(xiàng)“名字是否容易被記住”；C選項(xiàng)“我們的記憶力有多好”都與原文不符，因此D選項(xiàng)“我們對那個(gè)人有多感興趣”正確。

3.推理判斷題。第五段主要講了短時(shí)記憶即工作記憶的缺點(diǎn)?！癟heshort-termvarietyiscalled‘workingmemory’,anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.（短期記憶被稱為‘工作記憶’，它的功能就像一個(gè)漏水的保溫瓶。它裝不了多少東西，還總是把東西倒出來。）”。B選項(xiàng)“混亂的信息”；C選項(xiàng)“大腦功能障礙”；D選項(xiàng)“太多的信息”都不符合段意，因此A選項(xiàng)“工作記憶的限制”正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第六段說到“There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.（坦白地說，名字里并沒有什么。它實(shí)際上并沒有告訴你任何關(guān)于你要見的人的信息，因此它也沒有給你的大腦任何依附的東西。）”，由此可看出名字是沒有什么實(shí)際意義的。A選項(xiàng)“符號”；C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)特的”；D選項(xiàng)“信息量大的”都不符合原文，因此B選項(xiàng)“沒有意義的”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由文章第一段可知我們經(jīng)常忘記別人的名字，文章后面幾段在闡述為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象。所以B選項(xiàng)“請?jiān)僬f一遍你的名字好嗎？”更加符合文章主旨大意。A選項(xiàng)“名字里有什么”；C選項(xiàng)“別忘了我的名字”；D選項(xiàng)“那是我的名字”都沒有B選項(xiàng)適合。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣?！庇纱丝芍绻藗兩嬖谝粋€(gè)沒有情感的世界里，因?yàn)閷τ谧陨硇袨榈男再|(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別，所以會導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會學(xué)習(xí)：他們不能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)無情感的世界缺乏獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰”，由此可知，沒有情感的世界，對于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動不存在激勵(lì)，沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰的機(jī)制。反之，人們能夠進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動主要也是因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰機(jī)制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬美元不會比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會失去動力……正如我們看到的，激勵(lì)意味著享受它們的能力?！备鶕?jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵(lì)的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?！比缓缶团e例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)中，產(chǎn)生一種社會共識”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情感對于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要。”本句話提到事物的情感方面比物質(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來分類事物，也就是通過情感，我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界。由此推斷，選項(xiàng)D為符合題意的最佳答案。

9.單選題

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞