考研考博-英語-廣東青年職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東青年職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Beginninginchildhood,parentsencourageorlimitfutureromanticliaisonsbyelectingcertainneighborhoodsandschools.

【答案】從童年開始，父母就通過選擇特定的社區(qū)和學(xué)校來鼓勵或限制未來的戀愛關(guān)系。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

成都是一座來了就不想走的城市。

莫貪意外之財，莫飲過量之酒。

老弱病殘孕專座。

作為求職者，過于隨性的穿著會嚴(yán)重影響你被錄用的幾率。

調(diào)查表明，很少有人能夠完全獻(xiàn)身于自己的事業(yè)。

【答案】Chengduisacitythatyouneversaygood-bye.

Chengduisthekindofcitythatyouwillbegreatlyfascinatedonceyouvisit.

Notakingfreemoney；Nodrinkingexcessivewine.

Donotbegreedyforwindfallsandoverdrinkyourselfeither.

Seatsarereservedforseniors,theweak,thesick，thedisabledandthepregnant.

Asajobseeker,dressingmorecasually/informallywillseriouslyaffectyouremployment.

Surveyshows/indicatesthatfewpeoplecanfullybededicatedto/bedevotedtotheirowncareer.

3.單選題

Ataboutthesametime,someblackChristianswalkedinprotestoutofchurcheswheretheywereforcedtoworshipin（

）sections.

問題1選項

A.segregated

B.sustained

C.connected

D.engaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。segregated“被隔離的”；sustained“持續(xù)的；持久的”；connected“連接的；有聯(lián)系的；連貫的”；engaged“忙碌的；使用中的”。句意：幾乎同時，一些黑人基督徒抗議地走出教堂，在那里他們被迫去被隔離的區(qū)域做禮拜。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

問題4選項

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

問題5選項

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話提到的內(nèi)容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。第二段第一句話提到把獻(xiàn)血的血液輸血給接受者很簡單。第二句話提到通過皮下注射器從獻(xiàn)血者手臂的靜脈中抽取血液。第三句話提到檸檬酸鈉可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句話講述了如何防止血液凝固，選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句話，可以排除A、B、C三個選項，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句話提到當(dāng)接受者是新生兒或嬰兒時，通常對血液進(jìn)行輻射處理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第六段最后一句話提到長期儲存血液的能力對人類健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.

問題1選項

A.In

B.From

C.On

D.Above

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大體上、基本上。句意：整體上來看，早期美國城市規(guī)劃很優(yōu)秀。

6.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)abormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

問題1選項

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題2選項

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

問題3選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

問題4選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)abormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因為勞動力市場問題而遭受不幸呢?”下文隨即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失業(yè)不會帶來同樣的后果。”由此可知，這里的勞動市場問題指的是失業(yè)，選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)下文“不斷增加的財富、不止一個收入者的家庭增多、失業(yè)人群中中等收入者的優(yōu)勢日益顯現(xiàn)，以及社會福利保障的改善，這些都毫無疑問地減輕了失業(yè)的后果?！庇纱丝赏茢啵髡呤窍氡磉_(dá)現(xiàn)在的失業(yè)問題所帶來的影響沒有那么嚴(yán)重。選項C正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第二段的內(nèi)容，本段的中心句為段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞動力市場相關(guān)的困難程度?！苯酉聛磉M(jìn)行舉例說明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人，是為了表明統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估了貧困工人所遭受的苦難，所以選項B正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第一段指出社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面夸大了困難的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，計算在貧困統(tǒng)計之內(nèi)的人大部分是年老者、殘疾人或者由于家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不能進(jìn)入勞務(wù)市場者，因此這些貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)根本就不能精確地反映出勞動力市場所存在的問題。由此可推斷，之所以會高估經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的程度，是因為建立了記錄系統(tǒng)，使得編撰貧窮統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)成為可能，這些數(shù)據(jù)不一定是真實情況的反映，所以選項C正確。

7.單選題

Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務(wù)長)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequaltouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonnel(人員)tendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbers.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamongadministrators(管理人員),andhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,well-knownschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspective(視角)onestablishedpractices.

1.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

2.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

3.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

4.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause________.

5.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?

問題1選項

A.InstitutionworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheUS.

B.Alotofactivistsarebeinghiredasadministrators.

C.Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.

D.Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.

問題2選項

A.Thepoliticalcorrectness.

B.Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C.Theirfameinacademiccircles.

D.Theiradministrativeexperience.

問題3選項

A.Thetuitions(學(xué)費)theychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.

B.Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentcontrol.

C.Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.

D.Mostoftheirmoneycomesfromthegovernment.

問題4選項

A.shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney

B.shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale

C.sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas

D.shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus

問題5選項

A.Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.

B.Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.

C.Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.

D.Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)一、二句Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.（然而，人才流動并非是世界性的。高層管理人員的流動只傾向于一個方向：從美國向外。），可知當(dāng)前高等教育傾向于從美國招聘管理人員，A選項“世界各地的機構(gòu)都在從美國招聘管理人員”正確。B選項“許多積極分子被聘為管理員”，C選項“美國大學(xué)正在擴招國際學(xué)生”和D選項“大學(xué)校長更加注重籌款”文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.（董事會最終聘用了布魯斯?本森，一位69歲的科羅拉多商人和政治活動家，因為他很可能在現(xiàn)代大學(xué)校長的主要任務(wù)上做得很好：籌資。），可知美國大學(xué)在招聘高級管理人員時主要考慮籌資方面的能力，B選項“他們籌集資金的能力”正確；A選項“政治正確性”和C選項“他們在學(xué)術(shù)界的名聲”不是主要考慮的內(nèi)容。D選項“他們的管理經(jīng)驗”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.（籌集資金的能力很大程度上是經(jīng)驗和需要的產(chǎn)物。），可知要求的是籌資方面的經(jīng)驗，而非管理經(jīng)驗。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.（與此同時，許多歐洲大學(xué)仍主要依賴政府資助。），可知D選項“它們的大部分資金來自政府”正確。A選項“學(xué)費一直在上漲”，B選項“其運作受到政府的嚴(yán)格控制”和C選項“它們正在通過全球化加強他們的地位”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.（2003年，劍橋大學(xué)任命另一位耶魯大學(xué)前教務(wù)長艾莉森?理查德為副校長。劍橋大學(xué)公開強調(diào)，在她之前的工作中，她對“耶魯大學(xué)的財務(wù)狀況起到了重要的監(jiān)督作用”。），可知艾莉森?理查德成為副校長的主要原因是在籌資方面做出的貢獻(xiàn)，A選項“她很擅長籌款”正確；沒有提到艾莉森?理查德讓劍橋大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)的聯(lián)系加強，B選項“她可以幫助加強與耶魯大學(xué)的聯(lián)系”錯誤。C選項“她知道如何吸引海外學(xué)生”和D選項“她提高了耶魯大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)地位”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.（外國人可以為現(xiàn)有做法提供新的視角。），可知C選項“他們會從一個新的角度來看待很多事情?！闭_。B選項“他們會吸引來更多的國際教員”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.（教育的全球化意味著，更多的大學(xué)將尋求具有某種國際經(jīng)驗的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以促進(jìn)國際項目和吸引全球?qū)W生群體。），可知吸引的是國外的學(xué)生而非教員。A選項“他們可以提升大學(xué)的形象”和D選項“他們可以建立新的學(xué)科”：文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

8.填空題

Thefirequicklyspreadthroughthehotel,butfortunatelytherewereonlya

（1）guestsandtheyallmanagedto（2）.

【答案】1.few

2.escape

【解析】1.語義題。afew后面接可數(shù)名詞，表示“少量，幾個”

2.語義題。句意:他們都成功逃脫了。

9.單選題

Bytoday'sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問題1選項

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因為他們反復(fù)種植作物，幾次收獲后就把土壤耗盡了。imprudent意為“輕率的，魯莽的”。unwise不明智的，輕率的；stubborn頑固的；tiresome無聊的，令人討厭的；unscientific不科學(xué)的。選項A與之意思相近。

10.單選題

Therepublication(再版)ofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

問題1選項

A.magnify

B.enlarge

C.strengthen

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。magnify放大；enlarge擴大；strengthen鞏固，加強；enhance提高，增加。

句意：這位詩人最新作品的再次出版必將提高他在全國的聲譽。選項D更符合語境。

11.單選題

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan______thesurroundings.

問題1選項

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項explore“探索、探險”；B項expose“暴露”；C項exploit“利用”；D項expand“擴展”；句意：通過緩慢地繞圈移動雷達(dá)波束，我們可以探索周圍的環(huán)境。因此該題A項正確。

12.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。resortedto與acourt搭配，意為訴諸法庭。

13.單選題

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（

）off.

問題1選項

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.screened

D.separated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免，避開”；exclude“排除，不包括”；screen“篩，拍攝，放映”；separate“分開，隔開”。句意：不同種類的宇宙線從外太空穿透空氣，但是大量的太陽輻射都被阻擋了。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

（）anincreaseinanti-SemiticrhetoricandreligiousdiscriminationinLatinAmerica,thePanAmericanDevelopmentFoundationandtheU.S.DepartmentofStatelauncheda“BelieveinTolerance”projectinspring2014.

問題1選項

A.Accordingto

B.Contraryto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。accordingto“根據(jù)”；contraryto“與……相反”；inresponseto“應(yīng)對”；inadditionto“除外”。句意：為了應(yīng)對拉丁美洲反猶太教和宗教歧視的情況，泛美發(fā)展基金會和美國國務(wù)院在2014年春季發(fā)起了一個“相信寬容”的項目。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

問題1選項

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，這家旅館的雙人間只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索價,要價。

16.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問題1選項

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問題2選項

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問題3選項

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問題4選項

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說明各個行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項“批判性思維可能來源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒有提及批判性思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“一個物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯誤。C選項“許多對象都是用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡化為明確的語言描述），說明不能用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個基本元素。），說明設(shè)計課程對于工程學(xué)課程來說很重要。因此D選項“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計課的話，課程會得到加強”正確。A選項“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語言思維是工程設(shè)計的核心機制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強調(diào)非語言思維”，C選項“被認(rèn)為包括語言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒有提及，所以B，C錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機器的圖紙和工業(yè)過程的等距視圖，用于其對美國工程的歷史記錄時，具備必要能力的大學(xué)生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生。），說明要求非語言思維的工程專業(yè)學(xué)生本應(yīng)該有更好的感知和設(shè)計能力，但他們卻不如建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生更好地感知和設(shè)計”正確。A選項“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生不了解美國工程的歷史”，B選項“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生懂得更多”，D選項“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。A選項“數(shù)學(xué)思維對任何設(shè)計課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當(dāng)設(shè)計被認(rèn)為主要是一個數(shù)學(xué)問題時，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說明數(shù)學(xué)思維對于設(shè)計來說不是必不可少的，所以A錯誤。C選項“工程設(shè)計需要科學(xué)的思想”，由原文可知作者強調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維，所以C錯誤。D選項“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒有提及所以D錯誤。B選項“非語言思維比其他知覺過程有優(yōu)勢”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語言思維，說明作者認(rèn)為非語言思維是有優(yōu)勢的，所以B選項最能代表作者的觀點。

17.單選題

Thehistoricmeetingofthepresidentsofthesetwocountrieswillgreatlypromote___relationshipandcooperationatalllevels.

問題1選項

A.bilateral

B.benign

C.significant

D.fundamental

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項bilateral“雙邊的；有兩邊的”；B選項benign“良性的；和藹的，親切的；吉利的”；C選項significant“重大的；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長的”；D選項fundamental“基本的，根本的”。句意：兩國元首的歷史性會晤將有力地推動雙邊的關(guān)系和各層次合作。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

18.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark（

）centerthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項

A.figures

B.features

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。figure意為“人影，數(shù)字”；feature意為“特征，特點”；sketch意為“素描，草圖”；image意為“圖像，肖像”。

句意：昨晚，他看到了兩個黑影進(jìn)入了大樓，然后發(fā)生了爆炸。

19.單選題

Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.

問題1選項

A.butfor

B.without

C.ifithadnotbeenfor

D.alltheabove

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A項butfor“要不是，如果沒有”，B項without“沒有”，C項ifithadnotbeenfor“若不是因為……的話”，D項alltheabove“以上所有都是”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處可以表示假設(shè)，A項和C項都符合，用來表示對過去的假設(shè)；B項也可以用來表示條件，引出虛擬語氣；所以A、B、C三個選項都正確。句意：沒有你的幫助，我們是不可能成功的。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

20.單選題

Itisa（）_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.

問題1選項

A.corporate

B.virtual

C.universal

D.indefinite

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項corporate“法人的，共同的”。B選項virtual“虛擬的”。C選項universal“普遍的，全世界的”。D選項indefinite“不確定的，無限的”。句意：人類是唯一具有說話和推理能力的動物，這是一個公認(rèn)的事實。本句表示“人類是僅有的具有說話和推理能力的動物，這是一個普遍公認(rèn)的事實?！币虼薈選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機，它是一個可選的附加設(shè)備。

考查形容詞辨析。excessive過多的；過分的；optional可選擇的：隨意的；additional附加的；額外的：arbitrary武斷的；專制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機”可知，B項正確。

22.單選題

InEngland,alongastretchofthenortheastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtotheestuaryoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,whereseacoalwascollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliant.Itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,filthylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwa