考研考博-英語-東華理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東華理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.ThetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsEXCEPT________.

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading________.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________.

問題1選項

A.thelengthofagroupofwords

B.lightingandtiredness

C.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

D.one’spurposeinreading

問題2選項

A.demandsadeeply-participatingmind

B.demandsmoremindthaneyes

C.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

D.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

問題3選項

A.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

C.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

問題4選項

A.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

B.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

C.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

D.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

問題5選項

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.critical

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.（每個人的閱讀目的和對文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它還會受到光照和疲勞等因素的影響。），可知識別廣度受閱讀目的、對文本的熟悉程度、光照和疲勞的影響，B選項“光照和疲勞”、C選項“對課文的熟悉程度”和D選項“閱讀的目的”符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項“一組單詞的長度”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.（閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系。），可知作者認(rèn)為記單詞需要頭腦去理解，A選項“需要大腦的深度參與”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.（不幸的是，在過去，許多閱讀提高課程過于關(guān)注我們的眼睛如何在印刷的頁面上移動。），可知作者不贊同純視覺訓(xùn)練的方法，C選項“要求讀者在每一個固定位置都要接收更多的單詞”和D選項“要求讀者提高看單詞的速度”錯誤。B選項“需要的更多是頭腦而不是眼睛”：作者沒有提到更多需要頭腦還是眼睛參與。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段五、六句thereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.（讀者在每次連續(xù)固定的時候會看到更多的單詞。所有這些練習(xí)都很巧妙，但提高一個人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀的能力是另一回事。），可知這個方法可以提高看單詞的能力，但是不能提高有效閱讀的能力，A選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高閱讀效率”正確，D選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高看單詞和理解單詞的能力”錯誤。B選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)對提高看清單詞的能力起到了很大的作用”：原文沒有說這個練習(xí)在多大程度上提高了看清單詞的能力，這里更多是在強(qiáng)調(diào)這個練習(xí)方法的不足之處。C選項“當(dāng)進(jìn)行有效閱讀時，不需要有看單詞的能力”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.（許多專家現(xiàn)在開始質(zhì)疑視力訓(xùn)練的有效性，特別是因為任何訓(xùn)練閱讀孤立的單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助閱讀連續(xù)的文本。），可知D選項“許多專家開始質(zhì)疑眼部訓(xùn)練的效率”符合文章內(nèi)容；這種純視覺的訓(xùn)練方法對閱讀連續(xù)的文本不太有幫助，A選項“強(qiáng)調(diào)純視覺方面是有誤導(dǎo)性的”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項“眼睛訓(xùn)練將幫助讀者閱讀連續(xù)的文本”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“視覺廣度是我們每次看到的一個詞或一組詞”：根據(jù)第一段第四、五句Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.（每次他們注視時，我們都會看到一組單詞。這被稱為識別廣度或視覺廣度。），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出我們是如何閱讀的和什么因素會影響閱讀，第二段提出純視覺的訓(xùn)練如何進(jìn)行以及效果，最后轉(zhuǎn)而提出這個訓(xùn)練不能提高閱讀能力，并且許多專家開始質(zhì)疑這個訓(xùn)練的有效性，所以C選項“批判的”正確。A選項“悲觀的”，B選項“樂觀的”和D選項“中立的”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的（表示對……的尊重）”；B選項respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，語氣程度最深）”；C選項respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的（被社會接受的，好的或正確的）”；D選項suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”。句意：鄰居們認(rèn)為他不太___，因為大多數(shù)晚上他都會用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達(dá)“鄰居認(rèn)為他不太值得尊敬”，不太被鄰居接受，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Wecontinuetosharewithourremotestancestorsthemosttangledandevasiveattitudesaboutdeathdespitethegreatdistancewehavecometounderstandsomeoftheprofoundaspectsofbiology.Wehaveasmuchdistastefortalkingaboutpersonaldeathasforthinkingaboutit,itisanindelicacyliketalkinginmixedcompanyaboutvenerealdiseaseorabortionintheolddays.Deathonagrandscaledoesnotbotherusinthesamespecialway:wecansitaroundadinnertableanddiscusswar,involving60millionvolatilizedhumandeaths,asthoughweweretalkingaboutbadweather,wecanwatchabruptbloodydeatheveryday,incolor,onfilmsandtelevision,withoutblinkingbackatear.Itiswhenthennumbersofdeadareverysmall,andveryclosethatwebegintothinkinscurryingcircles.Attheverycenteroftheproblemisthenakedcolddeadnessofone’sownself,theonlyrealityinnatureofwhichwecanhaveabsolutecertainty,anditisunmentionable,unthinkable.Wemaybeevenlesswillingtofacetheissueatfirsthandthanourpredecessorsbecauseofasecretnewhopethatmaybeitwillgoaway.Weliketothink,hidingthethought,thatwithallthemarvelouswaysinwhichweseemnowtoleadnaturearoundbythenose,perhapswecanavoidthecentralproblemifwejustbecome,nextyear,say,abitsmarter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wedobetterthanourremotestancestorsbecause（

）.

2.Whenwetalkatthedinnertableaboutawarinwhichmanypeoplelosttheirlives,weareliabletoshowour（

）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatapersonbecomesupsetaboutdeathwhen（

）.

4.Accordingtopassage,theonlyrealityweknowforsureis（

）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggestspeopledeceivethemselvesbythethoughtthat（

）

問題1選項

A.ourattitudeaboutdeathismoredirectandscientific

B.wehaveadeeperunderstandingofbiology

C.wecancalmlytalkaboutdeath

D.wecantalkfreelyatdinnertable

問題2選項

A.indignation

B.sympathy

C.indifference

D.superstition

問題3選項

A.heseesdeathonfilmsandtelevision

B.herealizesthatmanispowerlessbeforenature

C.helosesoneofhisrelativesorintimatefriends

D.hewitnessesdeathonagrandscale

問題4選項

A.wearemortalbeings

B.scienceenablesustoprolongourlives

C.weallsharesomeinnerapathytowardsothers

D.wearelessevasiveaboutdeaththanourpredecessors

問題5選項

A.wearemoreintelligentthanourancestors

B.wecanleadnaturearoundbythenose

C.wecanbecomesmartenoughtoputdeathoff

D.wecanavoidwarinthefuture

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一句Wecontinuetosharewithourremotestancestorsthemosttangledandevasiveattitudesaboutdeathdespitethegreatdistancewehavecometounderstandsomeoftheprofoundaspectsofbiology.我們繼續(xù)與我們最遙遠(yuǎn)的祖先分享對死亡最糾結(jié)和逃避的態(tài)度，盡管我們已經(jīng)了解了生物學(xué)的一些深刻方面。確定B選項‘我們對生物學(xué)有更深的理解‘正確。A選項‘我們對死亡的態(tài)度更直接更科學(xué)’、C選項‘我們可以平靜地談?wù)撍劳觥?、D選項‘我們可以在飯桌前自由談?wù)摗环显摹?/p>

2.根據(jù)這一句話wecansitaroundadinnertableanddiscusswar,involving60millionvolatilizedhumandeaths,asthoughweweretalkingaboutbadweather,wecanwatchabruptbloodydeatheveryday,incolor,onfilmsandtelevision,withoutblinkingbackatear.我們可以圍坐在餐桌旁討論戰(zhàn)爭，涉及6000萬人的死亡，就像我們在談?wù)搻毫拥奶鞖庖粯?，我們可以每天在電影和電視上看到突然的血腥死亡，而且是彩色的，不眨一下眼淚。確定C選項‘冷漠，漠不關(guān)心’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章的thennumbersofdeadareverysmall大數(shù)量的死亡是很少的。Attheverycenteroftheproblemisthenakedcolddeadnessofone’sownself：核心的問題是某人會獨(dú)自孤獨(dú)地死去。由確定C選項‘他失去他的某位親戚或親密朋友’符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章這一句話theonlyrealityinnatureofwhichwecanhaveabsolutecertainty,anditisunmentionable,unthinkable：這是我們唯一可以肯定的客觀事實，并且是難以啟齒的，不能想象的。確定A選項‘我們都終有一死‘正確。B選項‘科學(xué)能延長我們的生命‘文章沒有提及。C選項’我們應(yīng)當(dāng)與他人分享自己內(nèi)心的冷漠‘和D選項’我們比我們的袓先更無法逃避死亡‘不符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一句話Weliketothink,hidingthethought,thatwithallthemarvelouswaysinwhichweseemnowtoleadnaturearoundbythenose,perhapswecanavoidthecentralproblemifwejustbecome,nextyear,say,abitsmarter.我們喜歡思考，隱藏思想。現(xiàn)在我們用盡各種方法，似乎是我們牽著大自然的鼻子走。如果我們變得更聰明些，或許能夠避免核心的問題?？梢源_定C選項‘我們足夠聰明可以推遲死亡‘符合題意。

4.單選題

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

問題1選項

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

問題2選項

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

問題3選項

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

問題4選項

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

問題5選項

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知選項A錯誤,社會和自然科學(xué)的純理論的目的在于理解,但不是科學(xué)本身；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知選項B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”選項C說哲學(xué)完全獨(dú)立于文中提到的科學(xué)是不正確的,apartfrom指除...之外,還有...,所以哲學(xué)本身也是科學(xué),所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知選項D剛好與原文描述的相反,所以錯誤。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于應(yīng)用的知識會帶來立即的可預(yù)見的成功,但卻不是那種重大的成功,也就是說人類最重要的成功還是來自于技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。因此,選項A為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希臘數(shù)學(xué)家們沒有意識到他們研究的價值。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,選項C符合原文主旨。

5.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人類沒有無私的追求這些理論知識,就沒有取得實際成果的基礎(chǔ),所以選項A符合原文。

5.單選題

Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

問題1選項

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。accomplish“完成，實現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”；expire“期滿；終止”；fulfill“履行，實現(xiàn)，滿足”；terminate“終止，結(jié)束”。句意：當(dāng)他的合同被出乎意料地終止時，他極度需要一份新工作。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Thecarwasingoodworking（）whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

問題1選項

A.order

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項order表示“條理，順序，命令”，B選項form表示“形態(tài)，方式，外形，表格”，C選項state表示“狀態(tài)，狀況”，D選項circumstance表示“情況，環(huán)境，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”。

由句意可知，我?guī)讉€月前買這輛車時候，它的運(yùn)作狀態(tài)還是很好的。短語ingoodorder表示“性能良好”；而ingoodform表示“很健康、高興，狀態(tài)佳”，常用來形容人；其余選項則沒有這樣的搭配。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

7.單選題

Itwasverykindofyoutogetmesomethingformybirthday,butyou（

）mesuchanexpensivepresent.

問題1選項

A.didn’tneedbuying

B.needn’tbuy

C.needn’thavebought

D.hadn’tneededtobuy

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指其實你沒有必要給我買這么貴重的禮物。needn’thavedonesth.意為本沒必要做某事卻做了，所以選項C正確。

8.單選題

Whyareyoustaring?

I’veneverseen（）treebefore.

問題1選項

A.kindof

B.thatkindof

C.suchkind

D.such

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞修飾語。kindof意為“稍微，有點(diǎn)”，不符合句意，排除A；suchkind后面接名詞時要加of，排除C；such修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時后面需接冠詞a/an，排除D。thatkindoftree表示那種樹，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項

A.intimacy

B.increment

C.immortality

D.incidence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。intimacy“親密，親昵行為，隱私”；increment“增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不滅”；incidence“發(fā)生率，影響”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation該市人口”確定B選項“增加”符合句意，正確。

10.單選題

Duringtheterroristattacks,theauthoritiesorderedto（

）theworkersandresidentsofhigh-profilebuildingsfromtheconstructions.

問題1選項

A.evict

B.evoke

C.evacuate

D.evade

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。evict“驅(qū)逐；逐出"；evoke“喚起；引起”；evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；evade“逃避；逃脫”。句意：恐怖襲擊期間，政府要求疏散建筑物中引人注目的樓房中的工人和居民。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一種漸進(jìn)性的麻痹性疾病，幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥，常被描述為一種活死人。身體會變得松弛，而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識。）”，由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會有一個循序漸進(jìn)的過程。A選項“使人立即癱瘓”說法錯誤；B選項“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動”符合題意；C選項“在美國是高度傳染性的”和D選項“是由基因決定的，不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對自己的生活有何感想時，他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強(qiáng)烈感，他回答說：我仍然期待著。）”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但對于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人，人們卻知之甚少。）”，由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨，但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài)，對生活充滿期待，決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降?。A選項“想自殺”說法錯誤；B選項“支持俄勒岡州一項（允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的）法律”文章沒有提到；C選項“決心活得更長”符合題意；D選項“正在變得失去意識”說法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（專家說，讓許多病人活下來的，是一種未完的事業(yè)感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些擁有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療護(hù)理的保險，使他們能夠避免一些與疾病相關(guān)的主要健康風(fēng)險的人，以及那些家庭成員在得不到專家?guī)椭鷷r可以支付時間的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（許多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，這些信仰幫助他們維持生命）”，因此A選項“他們有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療的保險”；B選項“他們有一種未完的事業(yè)感”以及C選項“他們有強(qiáng)烈的宗教信仰來支持他們”在文中都有提到，只有D選項“他們從周圍的人那里得到了強(qiáng)大的精神支持”文章沒有提及，因此D選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell（具有諷刺意味的是，我現(xiàn)在和很多人交流的次數(shù)比我健康時還多）”，由此可知Dr.Lodish與病魔作斗爭是通過經(jīng)常與他人溝通交流，分享生命中的點(diǎn)滴。A選項“正在接受專家的幫助”；B選項“知道如何對付這種疾病”；C選項“配備了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備”都不是主要原因，只有D選項“經(jīng)常與他人交流”符合題意，因此D選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.（他設(shè)計了自己復(fù)雜而詳細(xì)的治療方案。）”；第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。他繼續(xù)提供醫(yī)療咨詢……）”，由此可知B選項“制定自己的治療方案”；C選項“提供醫(yī)療咨詢”和D選項“與許多人交流”說法正確，文章都有提及，而A選項“治療了很多癌癥患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.（洛迪什說，他自己想活下去的決心，在一定程度上來自于他長期治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗，這些患者常常覺得確診就等于判了死刑。）”，該段落只說了Dr.Lodish想活下去的決心來自治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗，并沒有直接說他治療了很多癌癥患者，因此A選項符合題意，A選項正確。

12.單選題

Noneofthisis（）surprising,norarethesequestionableindustrymachinationlimitedtothefrenziedsearchfortheso-calledpinkpill.

問題1選項

A.attheleast

B.theleast

C.theleastbit

D.intheleastbit

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項attheleast“無論如何”；B選項theleast“最少”；C選項theleastbit“半點(diǎn)，毫厘”；D選項intheleastbit“一點(diǎn)，絲毫”。句意：這些絲毫不令人感到驚訝，這些可疑行業(yè)的陰謀也不僅僅局限于瘋狂地尋找所謂的“粉色藥丸”。選項D符合句意。

13.單選題

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnicall