考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)天河學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)天河學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?2.單選題

Theuniquehumanhabitoftakinginandemployinganimals—evencompetitorslikewolves—spurredonhumantool-makingandlanguage,whichhavebothdrivenhumanity’ssuccess,PatShipmansays,paleoanthropologistofPennStateUniversity.“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals,”Shipmansaid.

Forearlyhumans,takinginandcaringforanimalswouldseemlikeapoorstrategyforsurvival.“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.”Shipmansaid.Butit’snotsoweirdinthecontextsomethingelsehumansweredoingabout2.6millionyearsago:switchingfromamostlyvegetariandiettoonerichinmeat.Thishappenedbecausehumansinventedstonehuntingtoolsthatenabledthemtocompetewithothertoppredators.Quitearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.Soweinventedtheequipment,learnedhowtotrackandkill,andeventuallytookinanimalswhoalsoknewhowtohunt—likewolvesandothercanines.Others,likegoats,cowsandhorses,providedmilk,hairand,finally,hidesandmeat.

Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry,saidPeterRicherson,professoremeritus(名譽(yù)退休的)intheDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Oneofthesignsthatthishappenedisinpetroglyphs(史前巖畫)andotherrockartleftbyancientpeoples.Atfirsttheywereabstract,geometricpatternsthatareimpossibletodecipher(破譯).Thentheyconvergeononesubject:animals.

Therehavealsobeengeneticchangesinbothhumansandouranimals.Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits,likeacowthatgivesmoremilkorahenthatlaysmoreeggs.Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.Dogs,forinstance,mighthavebeenselectivelytakeninbyhumanswhosharedgenesformorecompassion.Thosehumansthenprosperedwiththedogs’helpinhuntingandsecuringtheirhomes.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutanimals?（）

32.WhydidShipmansaytakinginanimalisapoorstrategyforsurvival?（）

33.Whydidlanguageshavetodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges?（）

34.WhatdowelearnfromthestatementofPatShipmanandPeterRicherson?（）

35.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Animalshavedrivenhumanity’ssuccess.

B.Tool-makingandlanguageareuniquelyhumanhabits.

C.Employingwolvesisuniquelyhumanhabit.

D.Peoplelivewithanimalseverywhere.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Earlyhumanswerepoorinsurvivalresources.

B.Takinginanimalwasaveryweirdbehavior.

C.Earlyhumansdidn’tknowhowtotrackandkill.

D.Earlyhumansswitchedfromavegetariandiettomeat.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Earlyhumansshouldhavecommunicationintrackinggame.

B.Languagecanenablehumanstocompetewithothertoppredators.

C.Animalsshouldunderstandtheordersgivenbyhumans.

D.Languagecouldgivearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Caringforanimalsseemedcommonafterpeopleinventedtools.

B.Afterlanguagedevelopedearlyhumanslearnedhowtotrackandkill.

C.Managingandtrackinganimalsaretheoriginofmodernscience.

D.Languagedevelopedfromabstracttospecificbecauseofanimals.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Animalschangesaredevelopedbythemselves.

B.Humanbredanimalsforspecificgenes.

C.Evolutionaryinfluenceworksonbothhumansandanimals.

D.Genescouldmakethedogshelppeopleinhunting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】31.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals（無(wú)論你走到世界上的哪個(gè)角落，無(wú)論那里的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)如何、文化如何，人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起）”可知在任何地方人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物促進(jìn)了人類的成功”，文中第一段提到促進(jìn)人類成功的因素是制作工具和語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展，因此A選項(xiàng)是不正確的；B選項(xiàng)“制作工具和使用語(yǔ)言是人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣”，文中提到馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物是人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣，該選項(xiàng)偷換了概念。C選項(xiàng)“利用狼是只有人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣”，文中說(shuō)到的“獨(dú)特習(xí)慣”是指馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物，該選項(xiàng)也屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“在任何地方人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起”符合段意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段的第二句話“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.（從表面上看，你是在浪費(fèi)資源。所以這是一種非常奇怪的行為。）”，從該句可以推理出收養(yǎng)和照顧動(dòng)物在浪費(fèi)生存資源，因?yàn)樵缙跁r(shí)代人類生活資源匱乏。A選項(xiàng)“早期人類缺乏生存資源”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“收養(yǎng)動(dòng)物是一種非常奇怪的行為”實(shí)際上就是題干的意思，但是題目問(wèn)的是其原因，因此B選項(xiàng)不是正確答案；C選項(xiàng)“早期人類不知道如何追蹤和打獵”和D選項(xiàng)“早期人類從素食轉(zhuǎn)向肉食”都是下文提到的內(nèi)容，與題干意思不大；因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的第一句和第二句話“Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.（管理所有這些動(dòng)物——或者僅僅是追蹤它們——需要技術(shù)、知識(shí)和方式來(lái)保存和傳遞信息。因此，語(yǔ)言必須發(fā)展和進(jìn)化來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。）”，從該句可以推理出在狩獵過(guò)程中和狩獵后，都需要語(yǔ)言交流來(lái)使得狩獵順利進(jìn)行。A選項(xiàng)“早期人類在追蹤游戲中需要進(jìn)行交流”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言能使人類與其他頂級(jí)掠食者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，人類是因?yàn)榘l(fā)明了石器狩獵工具，才使他們能夠與其他頂級(jí)掠食者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物應(yīng)該理解人類發(fā)出的命令”和D選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言可以給任何動(dòng)物迅速而奇異的轉(zhuǎn)變”文中都沒(méi)有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的第三句話“Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry（追蹤游戲甚至被認(rèn)為是科學(xué)探究的起源）”，由此我們可知管理和追蹤動(dòng)物是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的起源。A選項(xiàng)“在人類發(fā)明了工具之后，照顧動(dòng)物似乎很常見”與第二段PatShipman表示早期人類馴養(yǎng)和照顧動(dòng)物的行為“是一種很怪異的行為”相反，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展之后，早期人類學(xué)會(huì)了如何追蹤和獵殺”，

從第一段PatShipman的表述可知，是人類馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物的獨(dú)特習(xí)慣促進(jìn)了人類語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)顛倒了因果關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“管理和追蹤動(dòng)物是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的起源”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“由于動(dòng)物的存在，語(yǔ)言從抽象發(fā)展到具體”，文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后兩句講的是史前巖畫和巖石藝術(shù)的發(fā)展是從抽象到具體的動(dòng)物形象的發(fā)展，所以D選項(xiàng)不正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段的第三句話“Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.（但這種進(jìn)化的影響是雙向的。）”，這句話說(shuō)明人和動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化影響是相互的。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物的變化是自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的”，但最后一段說(shuō)到“Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits（對(duì)于動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，它們發(fā)生變化是因?yàn)槿祟悶榱颂囟ǖ奶匦择Z養(yǎng)它們）”，因此A選項(xiàng)是不正確的；B選項(xiàng)“人類為了特定的基因飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”，文中說(shuō)到的是人類為了特定的特性飼養(yǎng)它們，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“基因可以讓狗幫助人類狩獵”文中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化影響是相互的”符合段意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Manypainters,rocksingers,andstreetdancershavedistincthairstyle,____totheirgroup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.essential

C.special

D.peculiar

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.particular特定的，特別的B.essential基本的，重要的

C.special特別的，特殊的，特有的D.peculiar特有的，特殊的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】前文提到“許多畫家、搖滾歌手和街頭舞者都有獨(dú)特（distinct）發(fā)型”，根據(jù)distinct推斷，____totheirgroup應(yīng)該指的是“獨(dú)屬于他們的團(tuán)體”，并且空格后面有介詞to，因此，D選項(xiàng)peculiar“（~tosomebody/something）特有的，特殊的”,符合題意，指它只屬于某物、某人，或只與某物、某人或某個(gè)情況有關(guān)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)particular“特定的，特別的”，一般只用于名詞前，做定語(yǔ)；

B選項(xiàng)essential“基本的，重要的”，不表示“特殊的，獨(dú)有的”；

C選項(xiàng)special“特別的”，側(cè)重于指比其他人或事物更好或更重要；或者側(cè)重于指與正常情況不同。

【句意】許多畫家、搖滾歌手和街頭舞者都有他們團(tuán)體特有的獨(dú)特發(fā)型。

4.單選題

Theplanthasbeen（

）ofthemoneyitneedsformodernization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deleted

B.extracted

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。delete“刪除”；extract“提??；榨取”；deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；convince“說(shuō)服；使確信，使信服”。句意：該工廠已經(jīng)喪失其進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化所需的資金。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

I.(LegalHistory)

Theelementsofverticalpluralismweresupplementedwithstructuresofhorizontalpluralismthroughtheiradherencetotheideaofaiuscommune(普通法).TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.),themainsourceoffeudallaw,hadearlyonbecomeapartoftheCorpusiuriscivilis(民法);andwhileCanonlawmaximswereappliedalsointhecontextoftheRomaniuscommune,CanonlawincludedsubstantialelementsofRomanlaw.Here,thegeneralprinciplewas:ecclesiavivitlegRomana(教會(huì)的羅馬法).Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.Normally,thedecisionsofthemerchants’courtswerebasedontheiuscommune,whichwasindeedregardedasthe“materlegismercatoriae”（商人法之母）.TheRomanruleswereonlymodifiedinaccordancewiththeneedsofcommerceonthebasis,forexample,oftheideaofanaequitasmercatoria(商人的正義).Altogether,thiswasacomplexsystemwithrulesbothconflictingwithandcomplementingeachother.Forinstance,therelationshipbetweenCanonlawandtheseculariuscivile(世俗民法)wasneverwithouttensions.Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.Foramedievaljurist,theDecretumGratiani(acollectionofCanonlawcompiledandwritteninthe12thcenturyasalegaltextbookbythejuristknownasGratian)andlatercollectionsofPapallegislationwereasimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.

51.TheLombardlibrifeudorumis___.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,thelexmercatoria___.

53.Whichofthefollowingstatementisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheimportantsourceoftheiuscommuneintheparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acompilationoffeudalcustoms

B.thenameofaLordinthe12thcentury

C.thelaworiginatinginLombardy

D.a12thcenturycollection

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasasetoftransnationalcommerciallaw

B.wasfullyindependentofRomeLaw

C.werelocalnormsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice

D.modifiedRomanlaw

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Differentlegalsourcesformediuscommune.

B.IuscommuneintegratedCanonlawandRomeLaw.

C.IuscommuneisawordinpluralforminLatinlanguage.

D.MundaneRomanlawandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurcharetwoindependentsystems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.PrinciplesofNaturalLaw

B.RomanCorpusiuriscivilis

C.TheauthoritativeGlossestothecorporaiurisRomani

D.Lexmercatoria

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.)（倫巴第librifeudorum（起源于倫巴第的一本十二世紀(jì)的封建習(xí)俗的藏書，作為統(tǒng)治領(lǐng)主和附庸關(guān)系的各種規(guī)則的陳述而被廣泛接受。））可知選D選項(xiàng)“12世紀(jì)的收藏”；A選項(xiàng)“封建風(fēng)俗的匯編”，B選項(xiàng)“12世紀(jì)一位勛爵的名字”以及C選項(xiàng)“法律起源于倫巴第”和原文不符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.（同樣，商人法并不是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的跨國(guó)商業(yè)法律，而是由許多主要是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊?guī)范修改后的羅馬法在重要的商業(yè)實(shí)踐）可知選C選項(xiàng)“是修改羅馬法商業(yè)實(shí)踐事項(xiàng)的地方規(guī)范”；A選項(xiàng)“是一套跨國(guó)商法”，B選項(xiàng)“完全獨(dú)立于羅馬法”以及D選項(xiàng)“修正的羅馬法”不符合原文，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.（事實(shí)上，普通法的概念本身就是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念：普通法基于一系列不同的法律淵源，它整合了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律體系，一方面是世俗的羅馬法，另一方面是羅馬教會(huì)的教規(guī)法），表達(dá)了普通法結(jié)合了羅馬法和教規(guī)法，選B選項(xiàng)“普通法綜合了教會(huì)法和羅馬法”；A選項(xiàng)“不同的法律來(lái)源形成了普通法”并不是最佳選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“Iuscommune在拉丁語(yǔ)中是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞”以及D選項(xiàng)“世俗羅馬法和羅馬教會(huì)的教會(huì)法是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的體系”不符合原文表達(dá)的含義。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末尾asimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.（與羅馬《公民法典》一樣，都是普通法的重要來(lái)源。此外，這些文本還補(bǔ)充了皇帝的立法（至少在舊帝國(guó)的范圍內(nèi)），并對(duì)羅馬法和后來(lái)被稱為Canonici進(jìn)行了權(quán)威性的注釋，后來(lái)修訂了自然法的原則）可知A選項(xiàng)“自然法原則”，B選項(xiàng)“羅馬《公民法典》”以及C選項(xiàng)“權(quán)威的羅馬法”在文章都有提及，D選項(xiàng)“商人法”不在此范圍內(nèi)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Ataboutthesametime,doctorsbegantounderstand______together.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichwentdirtanddisease

B.whatwentdirtanddisease

C.thatdirtanddiseasewent

D.thatdiddirtanddiseasego

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：大約在同一時(shí)間，醫(yī)生們開始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本從句成分完整，不需要用先行詞作從句成分，故先行詞用that，從句時(shí)態(tài)和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故用過(guò)去式，所以C選項(xiàng)thatdirtanddiseasewent符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】當(dāng)你試圖弄清楚消費(fèi)者信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，以及它對(duì)社會(huì)的意義時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住一個(gè)重要的中心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

索尼在最近的消費(fèi)電子展上推出了大量可以在電視機(jī)上播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻的產(chǎn)品，幾乎所有其他消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司都是如此。

自從處理器功率和帶寬穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的基本事實(shí)變得明顯以來(lái)，預(yù)言家們就自信地預(yù)測(cè)到了這一天。

而事實(shí)恰恰相反。盡管有許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的替代品，但是我們美國(guó)人今天比以往任何時(shí)候都看更多無(wú)聊的老電視，這說(shuō)明了一些問(wèn)題。

沒(méi)有人比偉大的紐約客散文家E，B懷特更好地評(píng)估了電視，他在1938年寫到“我確信我們的成敗將系于電視”。

8.單選題

Anastonishingfact

thatthemurdererofthegeneralmanagerwashisownbrother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameout

B.foundout

C.exposed

D.cametolight

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Comeout“出現(xiàn)；出版”；findout“找出”；expose“揭露，揭發(fā)”；cometolight“暴露，真相大白”。句意：一個(gè)驚人的事實(shí)被揭露：殺害總經(jīng)理的兇手竟然是他的兄弟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

（）tofindstarsinpairs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisverycommon

B.Beingverycommon

C.Verycommonis

D.Thatisverycommon

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式主語(yǔ)。it+be+形容詞、名詞或者過(guò)去分詞+todosth.，在此句型內(nèi)it作為形式主語(yǔ)指代todosth.的內(nèi)容，避免出現(xiàn)句子頭重腳輕的情況。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstodayasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteMouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport“Scienceneverhavealltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure,thisisadangerousgame:bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing:aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplant,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstoourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

1.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat.

2.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwanning（

）.

5.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aprotector

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aguide

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Endlessstudieskillaction

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth

C.Prudentplanninghinder

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theysufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtowors

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到懷疑者認(rèn)為“（抽煙有害健康）證據(jù)不足，科學(xué)也無(wú)法給出確定的解釋，而那些反對(duì)吸煙的游說(shuō)團(tuán)體想破壞我們的生活方式而政府卻置若罔聞”（Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?），因此選項(xiàng)C“人們有選擇生活方式的自由”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第四句提到“科學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有答案。但是科學(xué)確實(shí)為我們指導(dǎo)著未來(lái)的方向，重要的是我們的國(guó)家和世界各國(guó)在制定重要政策時(shí)，應(yīng)該根據(jù)科學(xué)所能提供的有關(guān)當(dāng)前行動(dòng)會(huì)造成怎么樣后果的最佳判斷作為依據(jù)”（Scienceneverhavealltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者通過(guò)說(shuō)‘分析導(dǎo)致麻痹案例’是想表達(dá)什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他們只是繼續(xù)迫切要求進(jìn)行更多的研究而不是行動(dòng)方案——這是典型的分析導(dǎo)致麻痹的案例”（Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”）。由此可推出是因?yàn)檫^(guò)多的研究導(dǎo)致麻痹，那么可以知道是更多的研究導(dǎo)致了無(wú)法制定計(jì)劃，選項(xiàng)A“無(wú)盡的研究扼殺了行動(dòng)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第三句話提到“如果政府不制定相關(guān)立法，國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)該幫助它去開始推廣保護(hù)措施”（IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures）。選項(xiàng)D“采取一些法律措施”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者把全球變暖與抽煙關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)的原因是什么”。文章第一段提到懷疑者質(zhì)疑科學(xué)家提出的吸煙導(dǎo)致人死亡的觀點(diǎn)及接下來(lái)的后果；第二段提到通過(guò)“thereareupsettingparallelstoday”引出全球變暖的話題，由parallel一詞可以看出作者認(rèn)為二者是相似的；第三段提出人們像對(duì)待吸煙問(wèn)題的態(tài)度來(lái)對(duì)待全球變暖問(wèn)題的錯(cuò)誤做法；第四、五兩段表達(dá)了作者對(duì)政府的期望，希望他們不要重蹈覆轍。因此，選項(xiàng)B“從前者中吸取的教訓(xùn)可以用到后者上”符合題意。

11.單選題

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affording

B.accountingfor

C.allowingfor

D.acknowledging

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。afford“給予，提供，買得起”;accountfor“對(duì)...負(fù)有責(zé)任，對(duì)...作出解釋”，allowfor“考慮到，顧及”;acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”。句意:考慮到交通擁堵，我們到火車站還要20分鐘。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動(dòng)詞attend是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來(lái)自24個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)者參加了會(huì)議，組委會(huì)有很多工作要做。

13.單選題

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)normalized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，正常化的，常規(guī)化的”；B選項(xiàng)modernized“現(xiàn)代化的”；C選項(xiàng)mechanized“機(jī)械化的”；D選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，規(guī)范化的”。根據(jù)句意“這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，更換起來(lái)非常方便?！边@里是說(shuō)零件是合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，規(guī)范化的，所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

14.單選題

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)，動(dòng)搖”；B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)；搖擺”；C選項(xiàng)plummet“墜落，掉下”；D選項(xiàng)mutate“突變”。填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式做謂語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)是theaircraft，由關(guān)鍵信息thedamagedengine“損壞的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”可知plummet“墜落，掉下”符合題意，句意為：因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)損壞，飛機(jī)起飛后5分鐘就降落到地面上。故答案選C。

15.單選題

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1題