考研考博-英語-廣東理工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東理工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

MeaningandCharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissanceThewordRenaissancemeans"rebirth."AnumberofpeoplewholivedinItalybetween1350and1550believedthattheyhadwitnessedarebirthofantiquityorGreco-Romancivilization,markinganewage.Tothem,thethousandorsoyearsbetweentheendoftheRomanEmpireandtheirownerawasamiddleperiod(hencethe"MiddleAges"),characterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.HistoriansofthenineteenthcenturylaterusedsimilarterminologytodescribethisperiodinItaly.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissanceinhiscelebratedCivilizationoftheRenaissancein-publishedin1860.HeportrayedItalyinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturiesasthebirthplaceofthemodernworld(theItalianswere"thefirstbornamongthesonsofmodernEurope")andsawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,"andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.BurckhardtexaggeratedtheindividualityandsecularismoftheRenaissanceandfailedtorecognizethedepthsofitsreligioussentiment;nevertheless,heestablishedtheframeworkforallmoderninterpretationsoftheRenaissance.AlthoughcontemporaryscholarsdonotbelievethattheRenaissancerepresentsasuddenordramaticculturalbreakwiththeMiddleAges,asBurckhardtargued—therewas.afterall,muchcontinuityineconomic,political,andsociallifebetweenthetwoperiods—theRenaissancecanstillbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistorythatmanifesteditselffirstinItalyandthenspreadtotherestofEurope.

RenaissanceItalywaslargelyanurbansociety.Asaresultofitscommercialpreeminenceandpoliticalevolution,northernItalybythemid-fourteenthcenturywasmostlyalandofindependentcitiesthatdominatedthecountrydistrictsaroundthem.Thesecity-statesbecamethecentersofItalianpolitical,economic,andsociallife.Withinthisnewurbansociety,asecularspiritemergedasincreasingwealthcreatednewpossibilitiesfortheenjoymentofworldlythings.

Aboveall,theRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."ItalyandEuropebeganaslowprocessofrecuperationfromtheeffectsoftheBlackDeath,politicaldisorder,andeconomicrecession.Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.Increasinglyawareoftheirownhistoricalpast,ItalianintellectualsbecameintenselyinterestedintheGreco-RomancultureoftheancientMediterraneanworld.Thisnewrevivalofclassicalantiquity(theMiddleAgeshadinfactpreservedmuchofancientLatinculture)affectedactivitiesasdiverseaspoliticsandartandledtonewattemptstoreconcilethepaganphilosophyoftheGreco-RomanworldwithChristianthought,aswellasnewwaysofviewinghumanbeings.

ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Asthefifteenth-centuryFlorentinearchitectLeonBattistaAlbertiexpressedit:"Mancandoallthingsiftheywill."Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalpersonwhowascapableofachievementsinmanyareasoflife.

ThesegeneralfeaturesoftheItalianRenaissancewerenotcharacteristicofallItaliansbutwereprimarilythepreserveofthewealthyupperclasses,whoconstitutedasmallpercentageofthetotalpopulation.TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople,especiallyinthecities,wheresomanyoftheintellectualandartisticaccomplishmentsoftheperiodweremostvisible.

【答案】TheRenaissancecanbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistory.TherearemanymeaningsandcharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissance.

TheRenaissanceinItalymarkedthearrivalofanewera.Andcharacterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissance.Hesawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.

TheRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalperson.

TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople.

2.單選題

Opinionpollssuggestthattheapprovalrateofthepresidentisontheincrease.

問題1選項

A.agreement

B.consensus

C.permission

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。approval表示“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可”；A項agreement“協(xié)議，同意”，B項consensus“一致，合意”，C項permission“允許，許可”，D項support“支持”。句意：民意調(diào)查顯示，總統(tǒng)的支持率在上升。根據(jù)句意可知，approval在句子中表示“支持”，四個選項中只有D項符合。故該題選擇D項正確。

3.單選題

SincetheGreatDepressionof1929mostcountries（）.

問題1選項

A.hasmakingasuccessfulrecovery

B.hadmadeasuccessfulrecovery

C.hasmadeasuccessfulrecovery

D.havemadeasuccessfulrecovery

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查時態(tài)。since表示“自從”時，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。句意：自1929年的大蕭條以來，大多數(shù)國家都成功地實現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇。因此，D選項符合句意。

4.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（發(fā)生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問題2選項

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

問題5選項

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.（例如，人們可以輕松地從白天工作到晚上工作，這是一個在自動化工業(yè)中越來越重要的問題，在這個行業(yè)中，要求機(jī)器全天候運轉(zhuǎn)）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.（不幸的是，在工業(yè)中，每周都會發(fā)生變化；一個人每周可以從午夜12點工作到每周8點，第二天晚上8點到下午4點，下午4點到12點，以此類推）可知選B。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人）可知選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.（知道一個人何時適應(yīng)的方法是測量他的體溫。從事正常日間工作的人在清醒的時候會有較高的溫度，晚上則會有較低的溫度；特別是在工作表現(xiàn)方面）可知選A。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人）和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.（然而，到目前為止，這種選擇形式似乎還沒有在實踐中得到應(yīng)用）可知選B。

5.單選題

Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.

Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising.

1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenabouttypesofclassifiedadvertisementis（）.

3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?

5.Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?

問題1選項

A.classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoney

B.itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumers

C.itprovidesmoreinformationforthereaders

D.itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype

問題2選項

A.housesforsale

B.peoplewhoareaskingforhelp

C.peoplewhoarelost

D.jobvacancies

問題3選項

A.Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything

B.Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed

C.Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements

D.Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements

問題4選項

A.Theydependmoreondisplaytype.

B.Moremoneyischargedforthem.

C.Theyaredividedintomoregroups.

D.Theyarelessformal.

問題5選項

A.Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.

B.Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.

C.Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.

D.Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.收費低于展示廣告?！焙偷诙巍癆shisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention由于讀者的注意力是自愿的，因此不需要過分依賴展示類型來吸引讀者的注意力?！笨芍狝BD項文中都有提及，故答案C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade諸如“招聘”、“房地產(chǎn)”、“失物招領(lǐng)”等?！笨芍猂ealEstate對應(yīng)A項，故答案選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.他翻開一頁分類廣告，尋找能滿足他需要的特定廣告。”可知B項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.在許多情況下，其結(jié)果是增加了使用空間的大小，增加了標(biāo)題和圖片。這樣，分類廣告就有了現(xiàn)實廣告?！笨芍诸悘V告更依賴展現(xiàn)形式。A項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.然而，隨著此類廣告數(shù)量的增加，同一群體中的每一個廣告客戶都在與同一群體中的其他客戶競爭以吸引讀者的注意力?！笨芍捎诟偁幖哟髮?dǎo)致分類廣告發(fā)生了變化。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

China’slong-runningcampaigntotightenmonetarypolicymayhavealittlemorelifeinitwitheconomistsexpectingthePeople’sBankofChinawillraiseinterestratesatleastonemoretimethisyear,asurveyofeconomistsbyDowJonesNewswiresshowedWednesday.

SixoutofteneconomistspolledsaidtheyexpectedChina’scentralbankwilllikelyraisethebenchmarklendinganddepositratesbyafurther0.25percentagepointeachthisyeartocombathighinflation.Theotherfourforecasterspredictedbetweenoneandtwohikesthroughtheendoftheyear.

ThePeople’sBankofChinaisalsolikelytoraisebanks’reserverequirementratioby50basispointsnextmonth,continuingitspatternofraisingtheratioonceamonthsofarthisyear,accordingtothesurvey.Buteconomistsexpectthepaceofsuchincreasestoslowlaterintheyear.“Withinflationstayingrelativelyhigh,theauthoritiesareunlikelytorelaxpolicytighteningintheshortterm,”ChinaInternationalCapitalCorporationLtd,economistPengWensheng(彭文生)said.

ThelatestinflationdatashowedthatChina’sconsumerpriceindexrose5.3%fromayearearlierinApril,downslightlyfromMarch’s5.4%risebutstillwellabovetheofficialfull-yeartargetofaround4%.ManyeconomistsexpectinflationtopeakinJune.

【答案】道瓊斯通訊社周三對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項調(diào)查顯示，中國長期的貨幣緊縮政策可能會稍微放寬一點，同吋也有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家希望中國銀行今年至少再提高一次利率。

十分之六的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家投票支持中國中央銀行在今年將基準(zhǔn)利率和存款利率分別再提高0.25個百分點，以應(yīng)對高通貨膨脹率。其他四個預(yù)報員預(yù)計在今年年底還會有一到兩次的提高。

調(diào)查表明，中國銀行將會延續(xù)其今年一個月提髙一次比率的態(tài)勢，在下個月可能將銀行存款準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)率提高50個基本點。但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家希望今年這種提高的幅度能夠減緩。中國國際金融有限公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家彭文生表示，“在通脹率維持在較高水平的情況下，當(dāng)局不大可能在短期內(nèi)放寬緊縮政策”。

最新的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的消費者物價指數(shù)從去年四月份開始提髙了5.3個百分點，相比三月份的5.4個百分點有所下降，但仍遠(yuǎn)高于官方大約4個百分點的全年目標(biāo)。許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)計通貨膨脹率將在6月份達(dá)到峰值。

7.單選題

Hewas（）betweenthedesiretocrushNankingattheearliestpossiblemomentbythrowinghisfullforceagainstthatcityandhisrealizationoftheneedtoprovidestrongforcesforthereliefofShanghai.

問題1選項

A.irritated

B.beset

C.torn

D.tortured

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項irritated“生氣的”；B選項beset“困擾的”，表示某人因某事而困擾，符合題意；C選項torn“撕裂的”；D選項tortured“折磨的”。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，他正在被兩件事情所困擾，B選項符合題意。句意：他既希望盡其所能盡快摧毀南京，又意識到需要提供強(qiáng)大的力量來解救上海，他在兩者之間……。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Whileadmiringthatthisforecastwas（）uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

問題1選項

A.anyhow

B.somewhere

C.somewhat

D.anyway

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：雖然承認(rèn)這次預(yù)報不確定，但科學(xué)家仍警告不要把它當(dāng)作危言聳聽。anyhow總之，無論如何；somewhere在某處，到某處；somewhat有點，稍微；anyway總之，無論如何。因此，C項符合句意。

9.單選題

The（

）thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問題1選項

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendment

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；occupation“職業(yè)；占有”；expostulation“勸告”；amendment“修正；改善”。句意：她建議討論的修正案要基于最近的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。選項D符合題意。

10.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語，對其進(jìn)行解釋說明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主語的謂語動詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對現(xiàn)在時間的虛擬，從句的動詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動語態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

11.單選題

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

問題1選項

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:奧林匹克運動會起源于公元前776年希臘一個叫奧林匹亞的小鎮(zhèn)。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地點;steemed一般與介詞from連用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而來;descendfrom由…傳下來，通常后面接某人。

12.單選題

Theymightbewillingtomovefromcountrytocountry,untiltheyendupinabackwaternationwithnolawsorlawmakerstospeakof,andcanproceedwiththeirmiserably_______experiments.

問題1選項

A.well-built

B.ill-conceived

C.well-groomed

D.ill-bred

【答案】B

【解析】well-built體格健美的,體型勻稱的;ill-conceived沒有想好的;計劃不周的;well-groomed被小心照料的，整潔的;ill-bred缺乏教養(yǎng)的;粗魯?shù)摹＞湟猓核麄兛赡茉敢鈴囊粋€國家遷移到另一個國家，直到他們最終生活在一個沒有法律或立法者的落后國家，這樣就能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行他們糟糕的計劃不周的實驗。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Uptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwasthoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresultingintegrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheengineforthought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthechemicalsecretion,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodentersthestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,secretiontravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulatesthereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthatproducesecretionultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsinadifferentorgan,thepancreas.

Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylisaandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughtorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughchemicalsalone.ThisdiscoveryspurredStarlingtocointhetermhormonetorefertosecretion,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormone,meaning“toexcite”or66tosetinmotion.”Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyeonetissuetomakethingshappenelsewhere.

Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarilyaccordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothebloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrinesystemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareusedoutsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuchorgan,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopartoftheendocrinesystem.

Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplaysuchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsencewouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthatarelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwenormallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Evenminuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calmaggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certainhormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthandform;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.

Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots-dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels-willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetemperedtheirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlytopatientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.

Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecretingabnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growthhormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandtheagingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitisfoolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighedbythebenefits..

1.Thewordengineinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Theworditinthesecondparagraphrefersto（

）.

3.Thewordspurredinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）

4.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedi