考研考博-英語-嘉興學(xué)院南湖學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉興學(xué)院南湖學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Givethepreviouslyexpressedinterestandtheambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator’sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.futile

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)laudable“值得贊賞的”；B選項(xiàng)sincere“真誠的，真摯的”；C選項(xiàng)authentic“真正的，真實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)futile“無用的，無效的”。根據(jù)句意‘她在先前的演講中已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出興趣和勃勃雄心，這位參議員試圖說服公眾相信她對(duì)競(jìng)選連任不感興趣的做法是毫無用處的?！疍選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”，可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報(bào)告顯示，全球變暖每年導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡，造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失?？膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導(dǎo)致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報(bào)告的具體內(nèi)容，第三段提到了相關(guān)態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”，可知這份報(bào)告招致了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評(píng)，他們對(duì)報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑?？膳袛喑鲞@份報(bào)告受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”，可知皮爾克=表示，該論壇的報(bào)告存在“方法論的尷尬”?？膳袛喑鯠r.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”，可知SorenAdreasen認(rèn)為這份報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計(jì)，是針對(duì)世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會(huì)議，就一項(xiàng)新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判?？膳袛喑鯝dreasen認(rèn)為報(bào)告的粗略估計(jì)是為了引起世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”，可知Annan強(qiáng)調(diào)，談判需要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上，以幫助他們降低面對(duì)氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性，同時(shí)減少溫室氣體的排放?？膳袛喑鯧ofiAnnan認(rèn)為哥本哈根會(huì)議的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的問題上。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor（）door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fickle

B.canvass

C.boon

D.deride

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fickle“浮躁的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)canvass“游說，推銷”；C選項(xiàng)boon“愉快的，慷慨的”；D選項(xiàng)deride“嘲笑，嘲弄”。句意：那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級(jí)抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo)，這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號(hào)碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries（

）

theapprovalofthesenate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.drawsout

D.substitutefor

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)和別的國家所簽訂的協(xié)議要受到議會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。

besubjectedto受到...;經(jīng)受...。besubjectto受支配,從屬于;常遭受有...傾向的。drawout取出；擬訂。substitutefor代替，取代。

5.單選題

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（

）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Sponsor“贊助者”；contributor“捐贈(zèng)者”；advocate“倡導(dǎo)者，支持者”；performer“表演者”。句意：很多老師都不再強(qiáng)烈倡導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)英語教學(xué)法了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Inordertosurvivenowand（）inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maximize

B.thrive

C.erect

D.recruit

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximize“最大化，極大”；B選項(xiàng)thrive“繁榮，興旺，茁壯成長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)erect“豎立，建造，創(chuàng)立”；D選項(xiàng)recruit“征募，聘用”。句意：為了現(xiàn)在的生存和未來的繁榮，所有的員工必須不斷地為企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面創(chuàng)造新的想法。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃光，閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“閃閃發(fā)光，閃爍”；C選項(xiàng)spark“發(fā)動(dòng)，激起”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光，閃現(xiàn)”。句意：去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whydocsavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為什么素食餐館使其食物除了成分外，其他都像肉類呢？

考查名詞辨析。ingredient（食物等的）成分；element因素；component（機(jī)器等的）元件、部件；compound（化學(xué)等的）合成物。因此A符合句意。

9.單選題

Theterm“folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thesepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedastraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.Folkcustomistotransmitbywordofmouthdemonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,passeddown,generationtogenerationfromtheGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremoderncreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary’s(古董商的，收集古物者的)pointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn’tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstancewhytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesaresowidespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentstofolklorearefullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionbylookingatavailableevidence,ratherthanselectingevidencewhichfitswithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe“obviously’’ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncitiesindustryandsportetc.Theymay,forexampleenduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganismneverthelesshavemuchincommonwitholderactivitieswhichdo.

Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworldortoconfrontitslackofsenseandtrytoalleviate(減少，緩和)boredomandsuffering.

1.Whyareearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsunreliable?

2.Whyisitdifficulttostudyfolkloretoday?

3.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?

4.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageprobablyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificanceoftheircustoms

B.Becausetheparticipantswerenotawareofthemeaningoftheircustoms

C.Becausefolkloristsundervaluedtheopinionsoftheparticipants

D.Becausefolkloristsdidn’tconsidertheparticipantssmartenoughtoanswerthequestions.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseparticipantsarenowinfluencedbyearlierstudiesoftheiractivities

B.Becauseparticipantsinsistontheaccuracyoftheirowninterpretations

C.Becausefolkloristsaretooconcernedtojustifytheirowntheories

D.Becausefolkloristsareoftenmisledbyunreliableearlierstudies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theynowmorecautiousabouttheevidencetheyaccept

B.Theywanttoinvestigatethemoreobscureareasoffolklore

C.Theyarestudyingthecreationoffolkloreinpresent-daysociety

D.Theywanttodiscoverthelinkbetweenpaganismandsocialcustoms

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeofpsychologicalbenefittothem

B.Itenablesthemtoescapetheproblemsofthemodernworld

C.Itcanbeameansofregainingancientwisdom

D.Itisanattempttoreconstructwhatislostforever

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FolkloreandFolkCustoms

B.ProblemsandTendencyofFolkCustoms

C.TheRevivalofFolkCustoms

D.FolkloreandFolklorists

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第二段，由第二段可知，評(píng)判這些民俗信息時(shí)，最大的問題就是只給出了文物研究者的觀點(diǎn)。畢竟，對(duì)于民俗研究者而言，他們所研究的群體單純又沒有文化，沒有意識(shí)到自己保留的這些民俗文化的意義。后面又講到，民俗研究者很可能依靠自己或者先入為主的觀點(diǎn)側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)的某些方面，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的判斷因此，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，觀察者低估了參與者的意見。A選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)閰⑴c者沒有透露他們習(xí)俗的重要性”表述錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)閰⑴c者沒有意識(shí)到他們習(xí)俗的重要性”表述錯(cuò)誤，只是研究者自己這樣認(rèn)為而已；D選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)槊袼讓W(xué)家認(rèn)為參與者不夠聰明，無法回答問題”，與原文表述不符，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：如今民俗研究比較困難的原因是什么？根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesaresowidespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.”，由此可知，而如今，從民俗學(xué)研究中衍生出來的想法非常普遍，它們很容易就會(huì)成為習(xí)俗參與者態(tài)度中不可或缺的一部分?！彼裕珹選項(xiàng)表述正確，原因就是參與者很容易被之前對(duì)他們行為的研究所影響。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：當(dāng)今民俗學(xué)研究者的新體現(xiàn)在哪里？由原文第四段“Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe“obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncitiesindustryandsportetc.”可知，許多當(dāng)代民俗學(xué)學(xué)生充分意識(shí)到困擾他們的問題。他們通過觀察現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)來得出結(jié)論，而不是選擇符合現(xiàn)有理論的證據(jù)。一些人也將目光從“明顯的”古代轉(zhuǎn)向了民俗的繁盛之處，比如在現(xiàn)代都市生活、工業(yè)以及體育等。由此可知，如今的民俗研究已經(jīng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，民俗研究者開始在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中研究民俗，因此C選項(xiàng)表述正確。故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：參與民俗對(duì)人們意味著什么？由文章最后一段可知，民俗研究不再只是研究過去的事，不再是指古代遺物或者是過時(shí)的思維方式，而是人們想要理解世界或者面對(duì)某種觀念缺失的方式，也是人們?cè)噲D緩解無聊和痛苦的途徑。由此可知，進(jìn)行民俗研究可以為人們的心理帶來益處，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，而其余三項(xiàng)均與原文表述不符。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文前半部分主要講述了以往民俗研究中遇到的問題，由于民俗研究者認(rèn)為參與者頭腦簡(jiǎn)單，又沒什么文化，所以低估了民俗參與者的意見，這就導(dǎo)致研究者可能強(qiáng)調(diào)的只是某些方面，而忽視了重要的內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)在，民俗研究發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，不再只是研究過去的事物，也開始關(guān)注現(xiàn)代城市生活中的民俗，因此民俗研究的趨勢(shì)也發(fā)生了變化。由此可知，本文主要講述的是民俗研究的問題和趨勢(shì)。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Formorethan20years,we'vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat（

）fromkindergartenstocolleges.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.shift

C.move

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rangefrom“從…到…（一個(gè)范圍）”；spreadfrom“從…傳播”；shiftfrom“從…轉(zhuǎn)移”；movefrom“從…搬走”。句意：20多年以來，我們一直在支持從幼兒園到大學(xué)的教育項(xiàng)目。該句表示從幼兒園到大學(xué)這個(gè)跨度范圍，故D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thisspecialcommitteewasestablishedforwell-integratedmembersofthesocietyandnotfor（

）individuals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marginal

B.minor

C.eccentric

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Marginal“邊緣的，臨界的，末端的”；minor“次要的”；eccentric“古怪的，反常的”；distinctive“獨(dú)特的，與眾不同的”。句意：特殊委員會(huì)是為了品行優(yōu)良的社會(huì)成員建立的，而不是為那些邊緣人士設(shè)立。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.翻譯題

顧客對(duì)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有不同的價(jià)值觀。有的顧客要求價(jià)格低，購物方便；有的顧客對(duì)價(jià)格并不太在意，他們要求產(chǎn)品必須是最新款式，在市場(chǎng)上代表最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)；還有的顧客要求產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)能滿足他們特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成為領(lǐng)先市場(chǎng)的首腦公司并保持其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，就必須根據(jù)自身的條件集中在某個(gè)方面做出突出的表現(xiàn)，或者以低成本取勝，或者以最新名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品取勝，或者以與特殊的顧客群建立緊密的關(guān)系取勝。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

13.單選題

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”；heir“繼承人，后嗣”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)，繼承權(quán)”；supplement“補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)充物，附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個(gè)聲稱關(guān)于個(gè)人差異。由于（

）、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用，我們中沒有兩個(gè)人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?！_定A選項(xiàng)heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”的正確。

14.單選題

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'（

）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的熱情好客給我留下了深刻印象，我在這次晚宴中很開心。

考查名詞辨析。Hostility敵意,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行動(dòng);indignation憤慨,義憤;hospitality好客,殷勤;humanity人道,仁慈。故C符合句意。

15.單選題

Heknewthathehadonemoredutytoperformbeforeheallowedhimselftosuccumbtohis______forrest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.disgust

C.craving

D.objection

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.orientation方向；目標(biāo)B.disgust厭惡；憎惡

C.craving強(qiáng)烈的愿望；渴望D.objection反對(duì)的理由；反對(duì)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“他知道在他屈服于對(duì)休息的______之前，他還有一個(gè)任務(wù)要完成”可推知，______forrest應(yīng)該是指對(duì)休息的強(qiáng)烈渴望，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】他知道在他屈服于對(duì)休息的渴望之前，他還有一個(gè)任務(wù)要完成。

16.單選題

（）yourinquires,weregrettoinformyouthatwecannothelpyouinthismatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inrelationto

B.Inrequestto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inanswerto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對(duì)于你的詢問，我們遺憾地告訴你我們?cè)谶@件事情上幫不了你。

考查短語辨析。inrelationto關(guān)于，涉及；inrequestto無此搭配；inresponseto響應(yīng)，回答，對(duì)有反應(yīng)（比較正式的表達(dá)方式）；inanswerto回答，應(yīng)……要求（不正式的口語表達(dá)方式）。因此C符合句意。

17.單選題

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。buildup“增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng)”；carvedout“創(chuàng)業(yè)，開創(chuàng)”；foughtfor“為而奮斗”；stumbleon“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到”。句意：托馬斯作為一名攝影師開創(chuàng)了一份成功的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselytheproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。heredity意為“遺傳”；heir意為“繼承人”；heritage意為“遺產(chǎn)”；supplement意為“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”。

句意：我的第二項(xiàng)主張涉及個(gè)人差異。由于遺傳、環(huán)境，以及它們之間的相互作用的偶然性，沒有任何東西在同一智力方面展現(xiàn)出完全相同的程度。

19.翻譯題

通過資料查閱、實(shí)地調(diào)研、數(shù)據(jù)分析和專家會(huì)商等途徑，篩選出適用于該地區(qū)的古樹健康診斷形態(tài)指標(biāo)，確立各指標(biāo)的分級(jí)依據(jù)，構(gòu)建古樹健康診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并依據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)滇中地區(qū)86株古樹（樹名暫略）的健康狀況進(jìn)行診查。結(jié)果表明：古樹的健康狀況大多為良和一般，不同樹種有些許差異，其結(jié)果與古樹長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng)弱成正相關(guān),能夠反映古樹健康的真實(shí)狀況，應(yīng)用效果良好。此外，對(duì)影響古樹健康狀況的原因進(jìn)行分析，并提出相應(yīng)解決方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

20.單選題

Icannotgiveyou（）forthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anexpense

B.acharge

C.apurchase

D.anorder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:anexpense“花費(fèi)”；B:acharge“收費(fèi)”；C:apurchase“購買”；D:anorder“訂單、訂購”。句意：我不能定購你們出售的這種車，因?yàn)闆]有市場(chǎng)需求。結(jié)合此處語境，談及到?jīng)]有市場(chǎng)需求，因此D為正確答案。

21.單選題

6.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toresignrightaway.

B.Toworkonemoredayaschairman.

C.Tothinktwicebeforehemakesthedecision.

D.Toreceivefurthertraininguponhisresignation.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ihadit.Iamresigningfromthejobofchairmanrightnow.Ican’tstanditanotherday.

W:Doyoureallymeanthatyouwanttoquit?

M:Well,maybe,I’llgiveitasecondthought.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

【解析】男士說：I’llgiveitasecondthought,即他會(huì)重新考慮一下。

22.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat（）.

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto（）.

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Betterhealt