考研考博-英語-廣西工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Icansmelltheperfume（）.

問題1選項

A.withfaintness

B.faintily

C.faintly

D.faint

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查副詞用法。A選項withfaintness“眩暈，虛弱”，B選項faintily形容詞變形錯誤，C選項faintly“微弱地，模糊地”，D選項“模糊的，頭暈的”，句意：我隱約能聞到香水味。因此，C選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Atfirst,movieswerelittlemorethanamusingthatappearedtomove.

問題1選項

A.novels

B.novelties

C.notices

D.novices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。novel“小說”；novelty“新奇的事物”；notice“通知”；novice“初學者”。句意：起初，電影只不過是似乎會移動的有趣的……。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theprofessorknowshissubject,buthehastrouble（

）hisideasacrosstothestudents.

問題1選項

A.getting

B.making

C.setting

D.forming

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。getacross通過，使……被理解；句意：這個教授知道他的主題，但他很難使自己的觀點被學生理解。

4.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學的沖擊下，哲學任務(wù)這個概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看，可以說，哲學家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實的絕對真理和絕對的道德標準。他們試圖構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點，一種對宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學的各種貢獻整合成一個明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點。最后，哲學家們試圖澄清知識和評估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評方法，對絕對真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無意義，也是徒勞無益的。當代科學的精神是“批判性的”，因為它的所有結(jié)論直到“進一步注意”才被認為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說，這兩個極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開接受批評和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

5.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問題1選項

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負”；A項concept“觀念，概念”，B項desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項goal“目標，球門”，D項spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)從現(xiàn)有的大量科學技術(shù)中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身愿望的科學技術(shù)。根據(jù)句意可知，B項意思與aspiration相近。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Ms.Fineenthusiasticallyinquiredaboutherson’sdayatschool,butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”

問題1選項

A.terse

B.pithy

C.complacent

D.acquiescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項terse表示“簡潔的，精練的，扼要的”，B項pithy表示“有髓的，多髓的，精練的”，C項complacent表示“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”，D項acquiescent表示“默認的，默許的，甘心接受的”。根據(jù)enthusiastically（滿腔熱情地）以及but轉(zhuǎn)折可知，butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”應(yīng)該表示“但是他簡短的回答了‘非常好’三個字”。句意：范恩熱情地詢問兒子在學校的日子怎么樣，但他簡短地回答說：“非常好?！币虼?，該題選擇A項正確。

7.單選題

InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively.Inhabitantsofareaselsewhere,wherestreetsandhighwaysareslatedtocontrolice,arefamiliarwiththeresultingrustanddeteriorationoncars.Thatatteststothechemicallycorrosivenatureofsalt,butitisnotthewaysaltdestroysrocks.Saltbreaksrocksapartprincipallybyaprocesscalledcrystalpryingandwedging.Thishappensnotbysoakingtherocksinsaltwater,butbymoisteningtheirbottomswithsaltwater.SuchconditionsexistinmanyareasalongtheeasternedgeofcentralDeathValley.There,saltywaterrisesfromthegroundwatertablebycapillaryactionthroughtinyspacesinsedimentuntilitreachesthesurface.

Moststoneshavecapillarypassagesthatsucksaltwaterfromthewetground.DeathValleyprovidesanultra-dryatmosphereandhighdailytemperatures,whichpromoteevaporationandtheformationofsaltcrystalsalongthecracksorotheropeningswithinstones.Thesecrystalsgrowaslongassaltwaterisavailable.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Besidescrystalgrowth,theexpansionofhalitecrystals(thesameaseverydaytablesalt)byheatingandofsulfatesandsimilarsaltsbyhydrationcancontributeadditionalstresses.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.

ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions.Intensesaltweatheringoccursmostlyinsalt-richplacesliketheseashore,nearthelargesalinelakesintheDryValleysofAntarctica,andindesertsectionsofAustralia,NewZealandandcentralAsia.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Inlines13-17,whydoestheauthorcomparetreerootswithgrowingsaltcrystals?

3.Theword“shattered”inline20isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeffectsofsaltsonrocks?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrocksthatarefoundinareaswhereiceiscommon?

問題1選項

A.Thedestructiveeffectsofsaltonrocks.

B.TheimpressivesaltrocksinDeathValley.

C.TheamountofsaltproducedinDeathValley.

D.Thedamagingeffectsofsaltonroadsandhighways.

問題2選項

A.Theybothforcehardsurfacestocrack.

B.Theybothgrowaslongaswaterisavailable.

C.Theybothreactquicklytoariseintemperature.

D.Theybothcausesaltywatertorisefromthegroundwatertable.

問題3選項

A.arranged

B.dissolved

C.brokenapart

D.gatheredtogether

問題4選項

A.Onlytwotypesofsaltscausepryingandwedging.

B.Saltsusuallycausedamageonlyincombinationwithice.

C.Avarietyofsaltsinallkindsofenvironmentscancauseweathering.

D.SaltdamageattheseashoreismoreseverethansaltdamageinDeathValley.

問題5選項

A.Theyareprotectedfromweathering.

B.Theydonotallowcapillaryactionofwater.

C.TheyshowsimilarkindsofdamageasrocksinDeathValley.

D.Theycontainmorecarbonatesthansulfates.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論什么”。文章主要講述了加州死亡谷的鹽對巖石的破壞作用（InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively），由此可知選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第13-17行中，作者為什么將樹根與不斷增長的鹽晶體進行比較”。文章第二段提到“就像樹根鑿開人行道一樣，不斷生長的晶體對巖石施加壓力，最終沿著巖石柔軟的那面撬開”（Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness），說明二者都能使堅硬的表面裂開，選項A符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“shattered與哪個詞（組）意思最接近”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“在其他地區(qū)，一塊巖石能夠經(jīng)受住很長時間的自然條件，但是它在幾代人的時間內(nèi)就可能被鹽風化成碎片”（Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations），由此可知shattered有“砸碎、粉碎”的意思，選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于鹽對巖石的影響下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章最后一段提到風化是一個世界性普遍的現(xiàn)象，不局限于某個地方(Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions)，由此可知選項C“不同環(huán)境不同種類的鹽都能引起風化”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“關(guān)于在有冰的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石，下列哪項能夠從文章中獲得”。文章最后一段提到“其他地方的鹽，主要是碳酸鹽和硫酸鹽，也會像普通的冰一樣導致侵蝕”（butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice），選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Withfewexceptions,thelastwordsofhistory’sgreatplayershavebeenaboutasinterestingandupliftingasaphonebook.Wemayexpectpearlsofprofundityfromourexpiringartists,philosophers,andworldleaders,butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.

Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.Bullet-riddledFrancisco“Pancho”Villawasprobablypreoccupiedwhenhetoldacomrade,“Don’tletitendthisway.TellthemIsaidsomething.”Butdon’twehavetherighttoexpecteloquenceinthefinalstanzasoflegendarywordsmithslikeLordByronandJohannWolfgangvonGoethe?Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”Goethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively;“Openthesecondshuttersothatmorelightmaycomein”becamethemoresublime“Morelight!”(Thereis,bytheway,somedebatewhetherGoethe’slastwordswerenot,infact,“Comemylittleone,andgivemeyourpaw.’’)

AndoneisloathtomentionWhitman’slastbarbaricyawp:“Holdmeup;Iwanttoshit.”LegendarywagOscarWilde’slastwordswerenothingmorethanshoptalk.Commentingonanovelhehadrecentlyread,Wildesaid,“ThisisafinestudyoftheAmericanpoliticianandpossessesthequalityoftruthincharacterization.Whatelsehastheladywritten?”

Queenshaveleftlittlemoreforthelivingtochewon.ElizabethIwaswhiny(“Allmypossessionsforamomentoftime”),whileMarieAntoinettewasclumsybutpolite:“Pardonnez-moi,Monsieur,”shesaid,aftertreadinguponherexecutioner’stoe.

Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.HasanyonedepartedthescenebetterthanminorEnglishplaywrightHenryArthurJones,who,askedwhomhewouldprefertositwithhimduringtheevening,hisnurseorhisniece,replied,“Theprettier.Nowfightforit.”ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”AndyouhavetoadmirethesinglenessofpurposeinthelastwordsofFrenchgrammarianDominiqueBouhours:“Iamaboutto—orIamgoingto—die;eitherexpressionisused.”Forsheerentertainmentvalue,youcan’tbeatthelastwordsofcondemnedprisoners,particularlyifyouhaveafondnessforgraveyardhumor.Askedbythefiringsquadcommanderifhehadalastrequest,JamesRogessaid,“Whyyes.Abullet-proofvest!”andyou’vegottoloveacondemnedmurdererwhocancontinuetocutupfromtheelectricchair.“Howaboutthisforaheadlineintomorrow’spaper,”JamesFrenchsaid.“FrenchFries!”

Somelastwordswillforeverremainanenigma,theirmeaninggonetothegravealongwiththeirspeakers.HenryDavidThoreau’s“Moose,Indian,”forinstance,andtheeerielastwordsofJohnWilkesBoothasheemergedfromaburningbarn,fatallywounded,lookedathishandsandmuttered,“Useless,useless.”Inasimilarvein,whattomakeofconductorLeonardBernstain’slastwords“What’sthis?”ornovelistVictorHugo’s“Iseeblacklight”?

Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:“Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.”Comparethattothestagy,obviouslyrehearsed“Nowcomesthemystery”(HenryWardBeecher)orLudwigvanBeethoven’s“Friends,applaud.Thecomedyisover.”

ItmaywellbethatplanningyourlastwordsisnomoreprofitableapursuitthanpreparingourNovelPrizeacceptancespeech.WhocansaywhentheGrimReaperwilltapabonyfingeronyourshoulder?ItisunlikelythatpoetDylanThomasthought“I’vehad18straightwhiskeys.Ithinkthat’stherecord”wasgoingtobeswansong.

Coulditbethat“greatlastwords”areamythofthehaleandhearty,andthattheexpiringunderstandthatthedeathbedisnoplacefor11th-houphilosophizing?Didn’tChristhimselfsignoffwiththeunpretentious“Itisfinished”?Besides,whyshouldthemundaneactofdyingbringoneanyclosertothetruth?KarlMarxmayhavehaditright,foronce,whenheansweredhishousekeeper’srequestforlastwordswith:“Goon,getout!Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough!”

26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfamouslastwordsis（）.

27.Accordingtotheauthor,whenFrancisco"Pancho"Villagavehislastwords,he（）.

28.TheauthortakesByron,GoetheandWildeasexamplestoshowthat（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,thelastwordsof（）werecomparativelygood.

30.Theauthorthinksthereallastwordsshouldbethose（）.

問題1選項

A.sympathetic

B.satirical

C.callous

D.incensed

問題2選項

A.mightbethinkingofsomethingelse

B.triedtomakethemmoreeloquent

C.wantedtotellasecrettoacomrade

D.wasunwillingtodieatanearlyage

問題3選項

A.biographersusuallyrevisethelastwordsofthegreatwriters

B.justlikeaveragepeople,thedyingwordsmithshaveaconfusedmind

C.itisdisappointingthattheyfailedtoleavesomememorablewords

D.itposesagreatcontrastbetweentheirworksandlastwords

問題4選項

A.EdmundGwenn

B.WaltWhitman

C.HenryDavidThoreau

D.MarieAntoinette

問題5選項

A.illuminatingandhigh-sounding

B.preparedinadvance

C.conciseandvivid

D.givenimprovisationally

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】26.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“…butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.（但更常見的情況是，我們只剩下枯燥無味的陳詞濫調(diào)）”“Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough（遺言是留給那些話還不夠多的傻瓜們的）”即可得出本題答案。

27.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Francisco‘Pancho’Villa”,可將信息點定位至原文第二段，根據(jù)“Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.（誠然，將死亡的人心里顯然還有其他事情——比如地獄，或者難以言喻的痛苦——時，期望對生命的奧秘有深刻的洞見是不公平的。）”即可得出本題答案。

28.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Byron,GoetheandWilde”，可將信息點定位至原文第二段第五到第六句。根據(jù)“Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”（拜倫不厭其煩地寫了一首優(yōu)美的詩：“現(xiàn)在我要睡覺了。晚安?！保薄癎oethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively（歌德的臨終遺言如此乏味，傳記作家不得不創(chuàng)造性地編輯）”，即可推斷得出本題答案。

29.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字，將信息點定位至原文第五段，“Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.（具有諷刺意味的是，可能是相對不太知名的人說出了歷史上最好的遺言。）”“ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”（演員埃德蒙?格溫（EdmundGwenn）簡潔地說：“死亡很容易。喜劇是很困難的?！保┘纯傻贸霰绢}答案。

30.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“reallastwords”可將信息點定位至原文第七段，根據(jù)“Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:‘Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.’（在我看來，最真實的臨終遺言是那些從那一刻起就自然出現(xiàn)的遺言，比如伏爾泰（Voltaire）對請求他放棄撒旦的回應(yīng)：‘現(xiàn)在不是制造新敵人的時候?！?，即可得出本題答案。

9.單選題

Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,theman（）theexitasquicklyaspossible.

問題1選項

A.madefor

B.madeout

C.madeupto

D.madeway

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。makefor走向，有快速移動的意思；makeout理解，辨認出；makeupto接近，奉承；makeway讓路，前進。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指快速朝出口走去。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題2選項

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題3選項

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問題4選項

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問題5選項

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對待這些論點的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點的人的聲音，那些真誠地為這些論點辯護的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點辯護的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認識這些問題:她必須感受到對問題的真實看法所必須面對和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠無法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個困難。據(jù)此可知作者認為如果一個人只知道自己的觀點而不關(guān)心對立觀點，不傾聽對立觀點的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點。故A項正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠不會有一個思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動?！蔽乃噺团d是屬于思想活動的頂峰，必然會討論原則問題。所以B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點辯護的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過這些人可能會說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義?！庇纱丝芍狝項與之相反，B項與之相符，故B項正確。CD兩項文中沒有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項特征。A項：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項：不怎么理智；C項：頭腦閉塞；D項：對辯論是堅決的。一般來說，持有未經(jīng)檢驗的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會獨立思考，更不會懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項都是這種人的特點。

5.判斷推理題。A項“一個真正的思想家不犯錯誤”；B項“對公認觀點的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供?！盋項“智力成就的時期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時期”；D項“過度的辯論會制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知歷史上思想活動的頂峰時期如文藝復興時期，各大學派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復興成為文化運動的頂峰。故C項“智力成就的時期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時期”正確。

11.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

問題1選項

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“傳染”；inflammation“發(fā)炎”；inflation“膨脹”。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)代版本的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)，一個國家的經(jīng)濟和財政的變化將會影響全球，并對全球資本主義造成嚴重破壞。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

法律真正的意義,是要把一個自由而有理性的人導向正當?shù)囊饬x上去,而不是對此加以限制的。

問題1選項

A.Therealmeaningoflawisnotthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

B.Thetruenotionoflawisnotsomuchlimitedtothedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

C.Law,initstruemotion,isnotsomuchthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

【答案】B

【解析】本句強調(diào)的是“意義”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除選項C；“真正的”這里用true比較好，real常用來指比較抽象的事物，所以選項B更準確。

13.單選題

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（

）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

問題1選項

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項taketo“喜歡”；B選項takeup“開始從事”；C選項takefor“認為，當作”；D選項takeon“承擔”。根據(jù)句意可知A選項符合語境。句意：杰克十八歲時喜歡跟一群奇怪的人混在一起，常常在外面待到很晚才回來。

14.單選題

TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum（

）oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.

問題1選項

A.reservations

B.reserves

C.potentials

D.reservoirs

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reservation意為“預約，保留地”；reserve意為“儲備（量），儲藏（量）”；potential意為“潛在的，有可能的”；reservoir意為“水庫，蓄水池”。

句意：美國在自己的領(lǐng)土上擁有世界石油總儲量的10%，幾十年來一直是主要的生產(chǎn)國。

15.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。activate“刺激，使活動”；alleviate“減輕，緩和”；mediate“調(diào)解，居中”；deteriorate“惡化”。句意：這種藥減輕了他的疼痛，但是沒有治愈他的病。由but…可知空格處所填詞的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)與其相反，故B項正確。

16.單選題

Theworkisnotveryprofitable（）cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.

問題1選項

A.inaccordancewith

B.onthebasisof

C.intermsof

D.inthelightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析題。A:inaccordancewith“與……一致”；B:onthebasisof“基于”；C:intermsof“在……方面”；D:inthelightof“根據(jù)”。句意：這項工作在金錢方面沒什么優(yōu)勢，但是我卻從中得到了寶貴的經(jīng)驗。結(jié)合此處語義，C為正確答案。

17.單選題

Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming（）:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.description

C.qualification

D.contradiction

【答案】D

【解析】interruption中斷，干擾之事；description描述，說明；qualification資格，條件；contradiction矛盾。句意：歐洲科學家稱，隨著數(shù)百萬候鳥在天空中飛來飛去，這一季節(jié)性奇跡似乎取決于一個看似的事實:鳥兒越胖，飛行效率越高。根據(jù)后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以選項D正確。

18.單選題

Thetenaciousfamiliesfeudedforgenerations,andinimicalfeelingsarestillfixedintheir（

）.

問題1選項

A.generosity

B.antagonism

C.acceptance

D.hospitality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。generosity慷慨，寬大；antagonism對抗，敵意；acceptance接受；hospitality好客，親切。句意：幾代人以來，這個頑固的家庭一直不和，敵對情緒仍然固定在他們的對抗中。由feuded及inimicalfeelingsarestillfixed可知，B項符合題意。

19.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofab