考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣西工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣西工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Icansmelltheperfume（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withfaintness

B.faintily

C.faintly

D.faint

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查副詞用法。A選項(xiàng)withfaintness“眩暈，虛弱”，B選項(xiàng)faintily形容詞變形錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)faintly“微弱地，模糊地”，D選項(xiàng)“模糊的，頭暈的”，句意：我隱約能聞到香水味。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Atfirst,movieswerelittlemorethanamusingthatappearedtomove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.novels

B.novelties

C.notices

D.novices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。novel“小說”；novelty“新奇的事物”；notice“通知”；novice“初學(xué)者”。句意：起初，電影只不過是似乎會(huì)移動(dòng)的有趣的……。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theprofessorknowshissubject,buthehastrouble（

）hisideasacrosstothestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getting

B.making

C.setting

D.forming

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。getacross通過，使……被理解；句意：這個(gè)教授知道他的主題，但他很難使自己的觀點(diǎn)被學(xué)生理解。

4.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的沖擊下，哲學(xué)任務(wù)這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看，可以說，哲學(xué)家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實(shí)的絕對(duì)真理和絕對(duì)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們?cè)噲D構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點(diǎn)，一種對(duì)宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學(xué)的各種貢獻(xiàn)整合成一個(gè)明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點(diǎn)。最后，哲學(xué)家們?cè)噲D澄清知識(shí)和評(píng)估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評(píng)方法，對(duì)絕對(duì)真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無(wú)意義，也是徒勞無(wú)益的。當(dāng)代科學(xué)的精神是“批判性的”，因?yàn)樗乃薪Y(jié)論直到“進(jìn)一步注意”才被認(rèn)為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說，這兩個(gè)極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開接受批評(píng)和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實(shí)了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

5.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負(fù)”；A項(xiàng)concept“觀念，概念”，B項(xiàng)desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)，球門”，D項(xiàng)spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)從現(xiàn)有的大量科學(xué)技術(shù)中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身愿望的科學(xué)技術(shù)。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)意思與aspiration相近。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ms.Fineenthusiasticallyinquiredaboutherson’sdayatschool,butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terse

B.pithy

C.complacent

D.acquiescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)terse表示“簡(jiǎn)潔的，精練的，扼要的”，B項(xiàng)pithy表示“有髓的，多髓的，精練的”，C項(xiàng)complacent表示“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”，D項(xiàng)acquiescent表示“默認(rèn)的，默許的，甘心接受的”。根據(jù)enthusiastically（滿腔熱情地）以及but轉(zhuǎn)折可知，butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”應(yīng)該表示“但是他簡(jiǎn)短的回答了‘非常好’三個(gè)字”。句意：范恩熱情地詢問兒子在學(xué)校的日子怎么樣，但他簡(jiǎn)短地回答說：“非常好?！币虼?，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively.Inhabitantsofareaselsewhere,wherestreetsandhighwaysareslatedtocontrolice,arefamiliarwiththeresultingrustanddeteriorationoncars.Thatatteststothechemicallycorrosivenatureofsalt,butitisnotthewaysaltdestroysrocks.Saltbreaksrocksapartprincipallybyaprocesscalledcrystalpryingandwedging.Thishappensnotbysoakingtherocksinsaltwater,butbymoisteningtheirbottomswithsaltwater.SuchconditionsexistinmanyareasalongtheeasternedgeofcentralDeathValley.There,saltywaterrisesfromthegroundwatertablebycapillaryactionthroughtinyspacesinsedimentuntilitreachesthesurface.

Moststoneshavecapillarypassagesthatsucksaltwaterfromthewetground.DeathValleyprovidesanultra-dryatmosphereandhighdailytemperatures,whichpromoteevaporationandtheformationofsaltcrystalsalongthecracksorotheropeningswithinstones.Thesecrystalsgrowaslongassaltwaterisavailable.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Besidescrystalgrowth,theexpansionofhalitecrystals(thesameaseverydaytablesalt)byheatingandofsulfatesandsimilarsaltsbyhydrationcancontributeadditionalstresses.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.

ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions.Intensesaltweatheringoccursmostlyinsalt-richplacesliketheseashore,nearthelargesalinelakesintheDryValleysofAntarctica,andindesertsectionsofAustralia,NewZealandandcentralAsia.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Inlines13-17,whydoestheauthorcomparetreerootswithgrowingsaltcrystals?

3.Theword“shattered”inline20isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeffectsofsaltsonrocks?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrocksthatarefoundinareaswhereiceiscommon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedestructiveeffectsofsaltonrocks.

B.TheimpressivesaltrocksinDeathValley.

C.TheamountofsaltproducedinDeathValley.

D.Thedamagingeffectsofsaltonroadsandhighways.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theybothforcehardsurfacestocrack.

B.Theybothgrowaslongaswaterisavailable.

C.Theybothreactquicklytoariseintemperature.

D.Theybothcausesaltywatertorisefromthegroundwatertable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.arranged

B.dissolved

C.brokenapart

D.gatheredtogether

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onlytwotypesofsaltscausepryingandwedging.

B.Saltsusuallycausedamageonlyincombinationwithice.

C.Avarietyofsaltsinallkindsofenvironmentscancauseweathering.

D.SaltdamageattheseashoreismoreseverethansaltdamageinDeathValley.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareprotectedfromweathering.

B.Theydonotallowcapillaryactionofwater.

C.TheyshowsimilarkindsofdamageasrocksinDeathValley.

D.Theycontainmorecarbonatesthansulfates.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論什么”。文章主要講述了加州死亡谷的鹽對(duì)巖石的破壞作用（InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively），由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在第13-17行中，作者為什么將樹根與不斷增長(zhǎng)的鹽晶體進(jìn)行比較”。文章第二段提到“就像樹根鑿開人行道一樣，不斷生長(zhǎng)的晶體對(duì)巖石施加壓力，最終沿著巖石柔軟的那面撬開”（Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness），說明二者都能使堅(jiān)硬的表面裂開，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“shattered與哪個(gè)詞（組）意思最接近”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“在其他地區(qū)，一塊巖石能夠經(jīng)受住很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的自然條件，但是它在幾代人的時(shí)間內(nèi)就可能被鹽風(fēng)化成碎片”（Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations），由此可知shattered有“砸碎、粉碎”的意思，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于鹽對(duì)巖石的影響下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章最后一段提到風(fēng)化是一個(gè)世界性普遍的現(xiàn)象，不局限于某個(gè)地方(Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions)，由此可知選項(xiàng)C“不同環(huán)境不同種類的鹽都能引起風(fēng)化”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“關(guān)于在有冰的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石，下列哪項(xiàng)能夠從文章中獲得”。文章最后一段提到“其他地方的鹽，主要是碳酸鹽和硫酸鹽，也會(huì)像普通的冰一樣導(dǎo)致侵蝕”（butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Withfewexceptions,thelastwordsofhistory’sgreatplayershavebeenaboutasinterestingandupliftingasaphonebook.Wemayexpectpearlsofprofundityfromourexpiringartists,philosophers,andworldleaders,butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.

Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.Bullet-riddledFrancisco“Pancho”Villawasprobablypreoccupiedwhenhetoldacomrade,“Don’tletitendthisway.TellthemIsaidsomething.”Butdon’twehavetherighttoexpecteloquenceinthefinalstanzasoflegendarywordsmithslikeLordByronandJohannWolfgangvonGoethe?Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”Goethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively;“Openthesecondshuttersothatmorelightmaycomein”becamethemoresublime“Morelight!”(Thereis,bytheway,somedebatewhetherGoethe’slastwordswerenot,infact,“Comemylittleone,andgivemeyourpaw.’’)

AndoneisloathtomentionWhitman’slastbarbaricyawp:“Holdmeup;Iwanttoshit.”LegendarywagOscarWilde’slastwordswerenothingmorethanshoptalk.Commentingonanovelhehadrecentlyread,Wildesaid,“ThisisafinestudyoftheAmericanpoliticianandpossessesthequalityoftruthincharacterization.Whatelsehastheladywritten?”

Queenshaveleftlittlemoreforthelivingtochewon.ElizabethIwaswhiny(“Allmypossessionsforamomentoftime”),whileMarieAntoinettewasclumsybutpolite:“Pardonnez-moi,Monsieur,”shesaid,aftertreadinguponherexecutioner’stoe.

Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.HasanyonedepartedthescenebetterthanminorEnglishplaywrightHenryArthurJones,who,askedwhomhewouldprefertositwithhimduringtheevening,hisnurseorhisniece,replied,“Theprettier.Nowfightforit.”ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”AndyouhavetoadmirethesinglenessofpurposeinthelastwordsofFrenchgrammarianDominiqueBouhours:“Iamaboutto—orIamgoingto—die;eitherexpressionisused.”Forsheerentertainmentvalue,youcan’tbeatthelastwordsofcondemnedprisoners,particularlyifyouhaveafondnessforgraveyardhumor.Askedbythefiringsquadcommanderifhehadalastrequest,JamesRogessaid,“Whyyes.Abullet-proofvest!”andyou’vegottoloveacondemnedmurdererwhocancontinuetocutupfromtheelectricchair.“Howaboutthisforaheadlineintomorrow’spaper,”JamesFrenchsaid.“FrenchFries!”

Somelastwordswillforeverremainanenigma,theirmeaninggonetothegravealongwiththeirspeakers.HenryDavidThoreau’s“Moose,Indian,”forinstance,andtheeerielastwordsofJohnWilkesBoothasheemergedfromaburningbarn,fatallywounded,lookedathishandsandmuttered,“Useless,useless.”Inasimilarvein,whattomakeofconductorLeonardBernstain’slastwords“What’sthis?”ornovelistVictorHugo’s“Iseeblacklight”?

Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:“Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.”Comparethattothestagy,obviouslyrehearsed“Nowcomesthemystery”(HenryWardBeecher)orLudwigvanBeethoven’s“Friends,applaud.Thecomedyisover.”

ItmaywellbethatplanningyourlastwordsisnomoreprofitableapursuitthanpreparingourNovelPrizeacceptancespeech.WhocansaywhentheGrimReaperwilltapabonyfingeronyourshoulder?ItisunlikelythatpoetDylanThomasthought“I’vehad18straightwhiskeys.Ithinkthat’stherecord”wasgoingtobeswansong.

Coulditbethat“greatlastwords”areamythofthehaleandhearty,andthattheexpiringunderstandthatthedeathbedisnoplacefor11th-houphilosophizing?Didn’tChristhimselfsignoffwiththeunpretentious“Itisfinished”?Besides,whyshouldthemundaneactofdyingbringoneanyclosertothetruth?KarlMarxmayhavehaditright,foronce,whenheansweredhishousekeeper’srequestforlastwordswith:“Goon,getout!Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough!”

26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfamouslastwordsis（）.

27.Accordingtotheauthor,whenFrancisco"Pancho"Villagavehislastwords,he（）.

28.TheauthortakesByron,GoetheandWildeasexamplestoshowthat（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,thelastwordsof（）werecomparativelygood.

30.Theauthorthinksthereallastwordsshouldbethose（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.satirical

C.callous

D.incensed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mightbethinkingofsomethingelse

B.triedtomakethemmoreeloquent

C.wantedtotellasecrettoacomrade

D.wasunwillingtodieatanearlyage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.biographersusuallyrevisethelastwordsofthegreatwriters

B.justlikeaveragepeople,thedyingwordsmithshaveaconfusedmind

C.itisdisappointingthattheyfailedtoleavesomememorablewords

D.itposesagreatcontrastbetweentheirworksandlastwords

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.EdmundGwenn

B.WaltWhitman

C.HenryDavidThoreau

D.MarieAntoinette

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.illuminatingandhigh-sounding

B.preparedinadvance

C.conciseandvivid

D.givenimprovisationally

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】26.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“…butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.（但更常見的情況是，我們只剩下枯燥無(wú)味的陳詞濫調(diào)）”“Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough（遺言是留給那些話還不夠多的傻瓜們的）”即可得出本題答案。

27.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Francisco‘Pancho’Villa”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段，根據(jù)“Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.（誠(chéng)然，將死亡的人心里顯然還有其他事情——比如地獄，或者難以言喻的痛苦——時(shí)，期望對(duì)生命的奧秘有深刻的洞見是不公平的。）”即可得出本題答案。

28.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Byron,GoetheandWilde”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第五到第六句。根據(jù)“Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”（拜倫不厭其煩地寫了一首優(yōu)美的詩(shī)：“現(xiàn)在我要睡覺了。晚安?！保薄癎oethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively（歌德的臨終遺言如此乏味，傳記作家不得不創(chuàng)造性地編輯）”，即可推斷得出本題答案。

29.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段，“Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.（具有諷刺意味的是，可能是相對(duì)不太知名的人說出了歷史上最好的遺言。）”“ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”（演員埃德蒙?格溫（EdmundGwenn）簡(jiǎn)潔地說：“死亡很容易。喜劇是很困難的?！保┘纯傻贸霰绢}答案。

30.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“reallastwords”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第七段，根據(jù)“Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:‘Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.’（在我看來，最真實(shí)的臨終遺言是那些從那一刻起就自然出現(xiàn)的遺言，比如伏爾泰（Voltaire）對(duì)請(qǐng)求他放棄撒旦的回應(yīng)：‘現(xiàn)在不是制造新敵人的時(shí)候。’）”，即可得出本題答案。

9.單選題

Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,theman（）theexitasquicklyaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.madefor

B.madeout

C.madeupto

D.madeway

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。makefor走向，有快速移動(dòng)的意思；makeout理解，辨認(rèn)出；makeupto接近，奉承；makeway讓路，前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指快速朝出口走去。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音，那些真誠(chéng)地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認(rèn)識(shí)這些問題:她必須感受到對(duì)問題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對(duì)和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個(gè)困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，不傾聽對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€(gè)must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個(gè)人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對(duì)那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動(dòng)?！蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動(dòng)的頂峰，必然會(huì)討論原則問題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯(cuò)誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過這些人可能會(huì)說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義。”由此可知A項(xiàng)與之相反，B項(xiàng)與之相符，故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng)：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項(xiàng)：不怎么理智；C項(xiàng)：頭腦閉塞；D項(xiàng)：對(duì)辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來說，持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，更不會(huì)懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)真正的思想家不犯錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供?！盋項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”；D項(xiàng)“過度的辯論會(huì)制止清晰的思考?！庇傻诙慰芍?dú)v史上思想活動(dòng)的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。

11.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“傳染”；inflammation“發(fā)炎”；inflation“膨脹”。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)代版本的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政的變化將會(huì)影響全球，并對(duì)全球資本主義造成嚴(yán)重破壞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

法律真正的意義,是要把一個(gè)自由而有理性的人導(dǎo)向正當(dāng)?shù)囊饬x上去,而不是對(duì)此加以限制的。

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therealmeaningoflawisnotthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

B.Thetruenotionoflawisnotsomuchlimitedtothedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

C.Law,initstruemotion,isnotsomuchthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest.

【答案】B

【解析】本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意義”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；“真正的”這里用true比較好，real常用來指比較抽象的事物，所以選項(xiàng)B更準(zhǔn)確。

13.單選題

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（

）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡”；B選項(xiàng)takeup“開始從事”；C選項(xiàng)takefor“認(rèn)為，當(dāng)作”；D選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān)”。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：杰克十八歲時(shí)喜歡跟一群奇怪的人混在一起，常常在外面待到很晚才回來。

14.單選題

TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum（

）oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reservations

B.reserves

C.potentials

D.reservoirs

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reservation意為“預(yù)約，保留地”；reserve意為“儲(chǔ)備（量），儲(chǔ)藏（量）”；potential意為“潛在的，有可能的”；reservoir意為“水庫(kù)，蓄水池”。

句意：美國(guó)在自己的領(lǐng)土上擁有世界石油總儲(chǔ)量的10%，幾十年來一直是主要的生產(chǎn)國(guó)。

15.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。activate“刺激，使活動(dòng)”；alleviate“減輕，緩和”；mediate“調(diào)解，居中”；deteriorate“惡化”。句意：這種藥減輕了他的疼痛，但是沒有治愈他的病。由but…可知空格處所填詞的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)與其相反，故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theworkisnotveryprofitable（）cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaccordancewith

B.onthebasisof

C.intermsof

D.inthelightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析題。A:inaccordancewith“與……一致”；B:onthebasisof“基于”；C:intermsof“在……方面”；D:inthelightof“根據(jù)”。句意：這項(xiàng)工作在金錢方面沒什么優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是我卻從中得到了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，C為正確答案。

17.單選題

Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming（）:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.description

C.qualification

D.contradiction

【答案】D

【解析】interruption中斷，干擾之事；description描述，說明；qualification資格，條件；contradiction矛盾。句意：歐洲科學(xué)家稱，隨著數(shù)百萬(wàn)候鳥在天空中飛來飛去，這一季節(jié)性奇跡似乎取決于一個(gè)看似的事實(shí):鳥兒越胖，飛行效率越高。根據(jù)后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Thetenaciousfamiliesfeudedforgenerations,andinimicalfeelingsarestillfixedintheir（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generosity

B.antagonism

C.acceptance

D.hospitality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。generosity慷慨，寬大；antagonism對(duì)抗，敵意；acceptance接受；hospitality好客，親切。句意：幾代人以來，這個(gè)頑固的家庭一直不和，敵對(duì)情緒仍然固定在他們的對(duì)抗中。由feuded及inimicalfeelingsarestillfixed可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofab