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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川外國語大學(xué)成都學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.
Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.
Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.
1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.
2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.
3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?
問題1選項
A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology
B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory
C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods
D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery
問題2選項
A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids
B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies
C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits
D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression
問題3選項
A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.
B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.
C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.
D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.
問題4選項
A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.
B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.
C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.
D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】
Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要關(guān)注________。
A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主張回歸舊方法
B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解釋一種新理論的重要性
C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異
D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)
【答案】B
【考查點】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】文章第一段指出最近的一項理論(recenttheory),并且點出這一理論具有相當(dāng)大的實際意義(hasconsiderablepracticalimportance);第二段點出這一理論幫助尋找地下礦物(takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors),從理論中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型;第三段具體講勘探人員如何使用這些模型,和第二段是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。綜上所述,這一文章講的是這個新理論對于實際開采礦物的重要性,因此B選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“主張回歸舊方法”:文章花了大量篇幅在講新理論和新方法,主張采用新方法,而不是舊方法,屬于反向干擾;
C選項“列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異”:這兩種方法是以前廣泛使用和現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的差別,而且主要不是在比較這兩種方法的差異,屬于曲解原文;
D選項“描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)”:文章沒有提到新理論是如何得出的,屬于無中生有。
第2題:【選項釋義】
Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章認(rèn)為,人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)________。
A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由變質(zhì)流體形成
B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花崗巖狀體
C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由沖積物形成
D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表現(xiàn)
【答案】A
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞widelyheld定位到第一段第二句,該處講到“人們普遍持有的觀點就是這些太古代金石英脈是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的(depositedfrommetamorphicfluids)?!保Y(jié)合選項,A選項符合文章內(nèi)容,因此A選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“起源于熔融花崗巖狀體”:對應(yīng)第一段第一句“根據(jù)最近的一項理論(recenttheory),太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)是在20億年前由巖漿流體形成的(formedover...frommagmaticfluids)?!保芍@不是人們普遍認(rèn)為的,而是最新理論認(rèn)為的,屬于偷換概念;
C選項“由沖積物形成”:對應(yīng)第一段第二句“這些系統(tǒng)是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的,即由濕的沉積巖脫水過程(duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks)中形成的流體沉積(fluidsthatformed)的。”,可知不是沖積物,而是沉積巖脫水形成的,屬于偷換概念;
D選項“一般有地表表現(xiàn)”:對應(yīng)第一段最后一句“但大多數(shù)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦床都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn),因為它們被埋在地下,沒有地表表現(xiàn)(havenosurfaceexpression)?!?,可知人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)沒有地表表現(xiàn),屬于反向干擾。
第3題:【選項釋義】
Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?這篇文章暗示,想要最大限度地提高發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的機(jī)會,勘探人員首先會采取下列哪一步?
A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址。
B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點。
C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合適的概念模型選擇場地進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步勘探。
D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石。
【答案】C
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒數(shù)一、二句,該處講到“為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機(jī)會(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層(selectingthegroundformations)。這種地面選擇在不同程度上依賴于概念模型(reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels),這些模型考慮了相關(guān)因素的理論研究。”,可知勘探人員需要依賴于概念模型,選擇合適的場地進(jìn)行勘探,因此C選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址”:文中沒有提到形成于200萬年前的遺址,屬于無中生有;
B選項“將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點”和D選項“使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石”:對應(yīng)第二段第二、三句“目前廣泛使用的方法包括分析航空圖像以獲得廣泛的地質(zhì)概況(geologicaloverview),使用地球物理技術(shù)(geophysicaltechniques)得出所調(diào)查巖石的磁性、電性和礦物學(xué)性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)……但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價值(noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue)。”,可知這兩種方法適用于已經(jīng)礦化的地方,不適用于未經(jīng)礦化的地方,不能最大程度地發(fā)現(xiàn)金子,屬于本末倒置。
第4題:【選項釋義】
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的陳述,下列哪項文中有信息支持?
A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時期的水平。
B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧。
C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦。
D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦很可能是定位埋藏礦物的勘探技術(shù)的結(jié)果。
【答案】D
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】此題定位到第二段,該處講到“勘探的挑戰(zhàn)是了解某地區(qū)的地下地質(zhì)狀況,并且查明埋藏礦物的位置(pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals)。”,緊接著提到各項勘探技術(shù),可知找到金礦需要定位埋藏礦物的地方,并且需要勘探技術(shù),因此D選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時期的水平”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
B選項“在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧”:對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價值,因此,為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機(jī)會(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層?!保@里的兩種方法不是相互對立,可以同時使用,屬于偷換概念;
C選項“基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦”:文章沒有提到這個模型讓人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦,屬于無中生有。
2.單選題
Ise-mailablessingoracurse?Lastmonth,afteraweek’svocation,Idiscovered1218unreade-mailmessageswaitinginmybox.Ipretendedtobedismayed,butsecretlyIwaspleased.Thisishowwemeasureourwiredworthinthelate1990s.Ifyouaren’toverwhelmedbye-mail,youmustbedoingsomethingwrong.
E-mail.Can’tlivewithit,can’tlivewithoutit.Artistsandrealartists,advertisersandfreedomfighters,loversandswornenemies—they’veallflockedtoe-mailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewritten,campaignsconducted,crimescommitted—allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenient,wastesourtime,isolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-hurriedlives.Toskeptics,e-mailisjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.
Yete-mailallonlinecommunicationisinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Doesthepaceoflifeseemeverfaster?E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.Areourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnew,improvedformsofstimulation?Thequickanddirtye-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.Ifweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobal-spanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscentury,thenwemustgivee-mail,thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionacrosstheNet,prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;e-mailisboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange.
1.Accordingtothepassage,e-mailisconvenientbecauseit()
2.Theauthorofthispassageisaboute-mail()
3.Whichofthefollowingphrasesistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“give...prideofplace”inParagraph3?
4.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT()
5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
問題1選項
A.savesourtime
B.introducesmorecomplexityintoourtoo-upsetlives
C.makescommunicationpossible
D.enrichourlives
問題2選項
A.skeptical
B.positive
C.negative
D.firm
問題3選項
A.takeprideintheplace
B.beproudof
C.give...themostimportantposition
D.putstresson
問題4選項
A.E-mailnotonlyallowsustocopewiththefasterpaceoflifebutalsomakesitaccelerated
B.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging
C.E-mailcanhelpusmanageourever-more-complexlives
D.Onlyadvertisersmakeuseofe-mail
問題5選項
A.E-mailisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthe20thcentury.
B.E-mailistheinstrumentthatbringsaboutgreatchangesinhumanconnection.
C.E-mailhelpsusunderstandtheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcentury.
D.E-mailisnotonlyconvenientbutalsoinconvenient.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第四句“E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.”可知選項A正確。
2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ifweacceptthat,prideofplace.”如果我們承認(rèn),創(chuàng)建全球范圍的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是本世紀(jì)后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一,那么我們就必須將電子郵件放在頭等重要的位置,因為這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人與人之間聯(lián)系的生動的體現(xiàn)。。由此可知作者對電子郵件態(tài)度是積極的。
3.語義題。結(jié)合原文句意:如果我們承認(rèn),全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的創(chuàng)建是本世紀(jì)后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一,那么我們就必須將電子郵件放在頭等重要的位置,因為這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人與人之間聯(lián)系的生動的體現(xiàn)。prideofplace指頭等重要的位置,選項C符合原文。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段可知不僅僅是廣告商,還藝術(shù)家,自由斗士,情侶以及敵人都用電子郵件,所以選項D錯誤。
5.主旨大意題。本文主要主要圍繞電子郵件講述了其特點和作用,意在指出電子郵件是20世紀(jì)后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一。所以選項A最能概括全文。
3.單選題
Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,()Darwin’sTheoryofEvolution.
問題1選項
A.aswasthecasewith
B.suchasthecaseof
C.asitdidwith
D.asinthecaseof
【答案】A
【解析】考查as的用法。as在句中是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,經(jīng)常用于asis/wasthecasewith結(jié)構(gòu)中,用具體事例說明主句的概括和結(jié)論。句意:科學(xué)的進(jìn)步往往遭到強(qiáng)烈的反對,達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論便是如此。因此A選項正確。
4.單選題
Thereare()differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.
問題1選項
A.legible
B.laden
C.radical
D.medieval
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:理論和實踐之間有根本的區(qū)別。故選C。
5.單選題
1.
問題1選項
A.Sheislookingforagift.
B.Sheneedsanewpurse.
C.She’sgoingtogiveabirthdayparty.
D.Shewantstogoshoppingwithhermom.
【答案】A
【解析】M:Yousaidthatyouwantedtogoshoppingthisevening.Whatdoyouwanttoget?
W:IthinkI'dliketogetmymomanewpurseforherbirthday.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
【解析】女士說:IthinkI'dlike
togetmymomanewpurseforherbirthday(我想給我媽媽買個錢包作為她的生日禮物)。
6.翻譯題
1.科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,出生在夏天將賦予你開朗的性情,而出生在冬天則可能給你的快樂蒙上永久的陰影。實驗表明,出生的季節(jié)會極大地影響人體生物鐘運轉(zhuǎn)的速度。冬天出生的人體內(nèi)的生物鐘運轉(zhuǎn)得太慢,從而可能對健康和性格產(chǎn)生影響。這一離奇有趣的理論來自一項對老鼠的研究,該研究把剛出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光線下長達(dá)數(shù)月。
2.有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照條件下,每天有16小時的“白天”和8個小時的“黑夜”。其他老鼠則只有8個小時的“白天”,和冬天晝短夜長的光照條件類似。在這些老鼠斷奶后,它們被放置在相同的光照周期中長達(dá)數(shù)周,或轉(zhuǎn)換到相反的光照環(huán)境。最后,科學(xué)家把它們都放置到黑暗中,觀察它們的反應(yīng)。
3.根據(jù)《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志的報道,那些在夏天的光照條件下成長起來的老鼠像往常一樣作息,而那些在缺少光線的環(huán)境中成長起來的老鼠在應(yīng)對這一變化時卻顯得吃力。研究者道格拉斯?麥克馬洪教授說:“在冬天的光照周期中成長起來的老鼠對于季節(jié)的變化表現(xiàn)出夸大的反應(yīng),這和得了季節(jié)性情感抑郁癥的人類病患的反應(yīng)極其相似?!?/p>
【答案】1.Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadowoveryourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.
2.Someratsweregivensummerconditionsof16hoursoflightandeighthoursofdarknessperday.Othershadonlyeighthoursofdailylight,tomimictheshortdaysofwinter.
3.Thoserearedinsummerconditionskepttoadailyroutine,butthosebroughtupinlittlelightstruggledtocopewiththechange,thejournalNatureNeurosciencereports.
7.單選題
IntheUnitedStates,the______betweentherichandthepoorisgrowing,withthegapwideningyearly.
問題1選項
A.penury
B.disparity
C.amelioration
D.languidness
【答案】B
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.penury貧困,貧窮B.disparity不等,不一致
C.amelioration改進(jìn),改善D.languidness疲倦,陰沉
【答案】B
【考查點】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“隨著貧富差距每年的擴(kuò)大”可以推知,窮人和富人之間的差異同樣也在擴(kuò)大,空格處表示“不平等,差異”符合句意,因此該題選擇B項。
【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。
【句意】在美國,隨著貧富差距每年的擴(kuò)大,窮人與富人之間的不平等也在擴(kuò)大。
8.單選題
Stop______alloverJulianna;foronce,lethermakeherownbreakfastandprepareherowncupofmorningcoffee.
問題1選項
A.fawning
B.calculating
C.flattering
D.praising
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項fawn“討好”,B項calculate“計算,預(yù)測”,C項flatter“奉承,諂媚”,D項praise“贊揚,(尤指唱歌)歌頌(上帝)”。由后面的句子意思“讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡”結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可推測,Stop______alloverJulianna表示“不要對朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤”,B、D選項排除;C選項一般后面直接跟人,即flattersb.;只有A項可以表示fawnon/oversb.(奉承、討好)。句意:不要對朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤,這一次,讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡。因此,該題選擇A項。
9.單選題
Theguides(
)thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.
問題1選項
A.accumulated
B.collected
C.assembled
D.resembled
【答案】C
【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積累;累積”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集;集合”;resemble“類似,像”。根據(jù)后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在門口集合,因此選項C符合題意。句意:這些導(dǎo)游讓游客在酒店門口集合。
10.單選題
Itisaruleinhisfamilythat()comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.
問題1選項
A.anybody
B.who
C.whothat
D.whoever
【答案】D
【解析】句意:無論是誰回家得早,都應(yīng)該給家人做晚飯,這是他家的規(guī)定。
語法題??疾槊~性從句引導(dǎo)詞??崭袼诰錇橹髡Z從句而且從句中缺主語。A不能引導(dǎo)從句,故排除。B項表示“誰”,具有特指的情況,不符合語境。C項的“who和that”不能搭配引導(dǎo)主語從句。whoever有兩個詞義:(l)nomatterwho,在這種用法時引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句;(2)anybodythat(who),在這種用法時,它連接一個名詞性從句,因此,在本題中它連接的是主語從句。
11.單選題
(
)withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.
問題1選項
A.Whencompared
B.Whilecomparing
C.Compare
D.Comparing
【答案】A
【解析】句意:當(dāng)與摩天大樓的高度相比吋,這座山看起來根本不高。
語法題??疾檫^去分詞做狀語。此句主語為thismountain,前半句為動詞compare的過去分詞做比較狀語。分句中動詞compare與邏輯主語thismountain之間是被動關(guān)系,故選A。
12.單選題
Professionalphotographersgenerallyregardinadvertentsurrealisminaphotographasacurseratherthanablessing;magazinephotographers,inparticular,considerthemselves()totheextentthattheycan()itspresenceintheirphotographs.
問題1選項
A.skillful,enhance
B.inadequate,eliminate
C.original,demonstrate
D.fortunate,minimize
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞與動詞辨析。A選項skillful,enhance“熟練的;巧妙的”,“提高;加強(qiáng);增加”;B選項inadequate,eliminate“不充分的,不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?,“消除;排除”;C選項original,demonstrate“原來的;開始的;首創(chuàng)的,新穎的,創(chuàng)新的;原作的”,“證明;展示;論證”;D選項fortunate,minimize“幸運的;僥幸的;吉祥的;帶來幸運的”,“使減到最少;小看,極度輕視;最小化”。句意:一般而言,專業(yè)攝影家將攝影作品中由疏忽而致的超現(xiàn)實主義視作一種災(zāi)禍而非幸事;尤其是雜志攝影家,只要能在攝影作品中將它的存在減少到最低程度,他們便視自己為相當(dāng)幸運的了。因此D答案正確。
13.單選題
Thechildren’shystericalcrying()thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.
問題1選項
A.forbade
B.refrained
C.hindered
D.restricted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項forbid“禁止;不允許”;B選項refrain“克制;避免;制止”;C選項hinder“阻止;打擾”;D選項restrict“限制;約束”。句意:這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項C正確。
14.單選題
IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.
ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.
Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.
Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.
Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.
Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.
IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.
1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?
4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?
5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.
問題1選項
A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.
B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.
C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.
D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.
問題2選項
A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.
B.Peopleintheirforties.
C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.
D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.
問題3選項
A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.
B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.
C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.
D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.
問題4選項
A.Introductionphase
B.Growthphase
C.Maturephase
D.Declinephase
問題5選項
A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves
B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled
C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase
D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.(但除非你首先認(rèn)識到并充分欣賞你所處的階段,否則你無法做到這一點)可知選C選項“求職者應(yīng)該充分了解他們所處的階段”;A選項“大多數(shù)年輕人如果不學(xué)習(xí)四階段理論就找不到工作”,B選項“有好工作的年輕人學(xué)習(xí)過四階段理論”以及D選項“年長的雇員將被年輕人逼出就業(yè)市場”未在原文提及。因此C選項正確。
2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.(40多歲的人被困在勞動力的中間階層,他們抱怨要等前輩為他們上層騰出空間)可知選B選項“40多歲的人”;A選項“年輕人經(jīng)常換工作”,C選項“年齡較大的員工有可能提前退休”以及D選項“人們在他們的職業(yè)周期中沒有完成四個階段”和原文不符。因此B選項正確。
3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity(在我看來,兩代人之間的差異不是一個問題,而是一個機(jī)會)可知選C選項“兩代人之間的差異與其說是一個問題,不如說是一個機(jī)會”;A選項“一代人的抱負(fù)遲早會成為現(xiàn)實”,B選項“找到好工作主要取決于年齡”原文未提及;根據(jù)原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.(產(chǎn)品或品牌的生命周期有四個階段。名字可能不同,但基本上這四個階段是入門,成長,成熟和衰退。作為一名管理知名運動員30多年的經(jīng)理,我知道這四個階段肯定適用于運動員的職業(yè)生涯和市場價值)可知原文并沒有提到產(chǎn)品的市場性,D選項“產(chǎn)品的市場性可以與運動員的市場性相比較”錯誤。因此C選項符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.(一個運動員的入門或啟動階段是指他或她開始比賽,表現(xiàn)出色,并在這項運動中吸引人們的注意力)可知選A選項“入門階段”;B“增長階段”,C選項“成熟階段”,D選項“衰退期”沒有提到吸引力這一項。因此A選項正確。
5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“olderemployees”定位到原文倒數(shù)第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.(我一直大力提倡招聘年長員工……不是因為他們可以得到,而是因為他們擁有員工在入門和成長階段所缺乏的品質(zhì),即智慧和經(jīng)驗)可知選D選項“他們有更多的智慧,經(jīng)驗和負(fù)擔(dān)能力”,同時可知C選項“他們在生長階段擁有更好的品質(zhì)”和原文不符;A選項“他們善于推銷自己”,B選項“他們很聽話,很容易控制”未提及。因此D選項正確。
15.單選題
Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.
Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.
Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.
Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.
Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.
Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.
Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.
Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.
Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.
Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.
Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.
1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained().
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein().
4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?
5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter()years.
問題1選項
A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf
B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor
C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney
D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance
問題2選項
A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.
B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.
C.The
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