考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京石油化工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京石油化工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN（）andotherinternationallaws.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Charter

B.Constitution

C.Concordance

D.Custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Charter“憲章”；Constitution“憲法；體制；章程”；Concordance“調(diào)和；一致”；Custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的詞與laws意思相近，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的國(guó)家都應(yīng)該在基于聯(lián)合國(guó)章程和其他國(guó)際法律的基礎(chǔ)上采取措施抵制恐怖主義，這是一個(gè)共識(shí)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

2.單選題

10.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shecan’twaitfortheman.

B.Sheisveryeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwiththeman.

D.Sheexpectsthemantostay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HoneyI’mleavingtonightandgettotheUnitedStatesat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.

W:Woo,woo,Ican’twaittoseeyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】固定搭配。Can’twaittoseesb.的意思是：迫不及待想見(jiàn)某人。

3.單選題

Anestheticsaresubstances（）todeadenpainorproduceaconditioninwhichsomeorallofthesenses,especiallytouch,stopfunctioningorarereduced.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverted

B.enforced

C.exercised

D.administered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。divert"轉(zhuǎn)移"；enforce"實(shí)施，執(zhí)行"，常指法律的實(shí)施；exercise"運(yùn)動(dòng)，練習(xí)"；administer"管理，作為治療或藥物使用"。句意：麻醉藥是一種用來(lái)鎮(zhèn)痛的物質(zhì)，或者使部分或全部感覺(jué)，尤其是觸覺(jué)，停止運(yùn)行，或降低運(yùn)行。administer可以用來(lái)指藥物的實(shí)施。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Theheatinsummerisnoless（）hereinthismountainregion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concentrated“集中的；濃縮的；全神貫注的”；B選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的；大量的；廣闊的”；C選項(xiàng)intense“強(qiáng)烈的；緊張的；非常的；熱情的”；D選項(xiàng)intensive“加強(qiáng)的；集中的”。由本句主語(yǔ)“Theheatinsummer”（夏天的炎熱）后接noless（不相上下）可知此處的意思應(yīng)與強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)應(yīng)，表示夏天的炎熱程度。句意：在這片山區(qū)，夏季的酷暑同樣強(qiáng)烈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.Androgynistpoetics,rootedinmid-Victorianwomen’swriting,contendsthatthecreativemindissexless,butfromthe1970son,manyfeministcriticsrejectedtheideaofthegenderless,mind,findingthattheimaginationcannotevadeconsciousorunconsciousstructuresofgenderwhichispartofculture-determinationwhereseparatingimaginationfromtheselfisimpossible.

TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,spokeofthe“femalevernacular,theMotherTongue,apowerfulbutneglectedwomen’sculture”.VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”.Accessibletomenandwomenalike,butrepresentingfemalesexualmorphology,thismethodsoughtawayofwritingwhichliterallyembodiedthefemale,therebyfightingthesubordinating,linearstyleofclassificationordistinction.

ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.Forinstance,theyavoideddefiningexactlywhatconstitutedtheirwritingstyle,asanydefinitionwouldthencategorizeitandsafelysubsumeitasagenreunderthelinearpatriarchalstructure—itsveryrestlessnessandambiguitydefiedidentificationaspartofitsidentity.SomefeministsandwomenwriterscouldfeelexcludedbythesurrealityoftheFemaleAestheticanditsstressonthebiologicalformsoffemaleexperience,whichalsobearcloseresemblancetoessentialism.Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.

Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems,byagreeingthatwomen’sliteraturelayasthecentralconcernforfeministcriticismbutrejectingtheconceptofanessentialfemaleidentityandstyle,whilesimultaneouslyseekingtoreviseFreudianstructuresbyemphasizingaPre-Oedipalphasewhereinthedaughter’sbondtohermotherinscribesthekeyfactoringenderidentity.MatriarchalvaluesdissolveintergenerationalconflictsandbuilduponafemaletraditionofliteratureratherthanthestruggleofOedipusandLaisatthecrossroads.Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.Gendertheoryproposestoexploreideologicalinscriptionandtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem,openinguptheliterarytheorystageandbringinginquestionsofmasculinityintofeministtheory.Takinggenderasafundamentalanalyticcategorybringsfeministcriticismfromthemargintothecenter,thoughitrisksdepoliticizingthestudyofwomen.

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?

31.TheauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingissuesthathavebeenconsideredintheevolutionoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPT（）.

32.Theauthorrefersto“thelargestfish”(Paragraph2)primarilyinorderto（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestriskposedbythefeministtheories,liketheFemaleAesthetic,whichposittheexistenceofan“essential”ornon-constructedgenderisin（）.

34.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefinethe“delicatebalance”mentionedinthelastparagraphastheequilibriumbetween（）.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldmostlikelydescribetheevolutionoffeministliterarytheoryas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AHistoricalOverviewofFeministLiteraryCriticism

B.EstablishingNewFeministConceptsofGender

C.ThePrecariousFeministCompromiseinPoliticsandArt

D.ANewTheoryofLiteraryCriticism

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theplaceofwomenintheliterarycanon

B.thequestionofcultureindetermininggender

C.theroleofFreudintheorizinggenderidentity

D.theeffectofbiologicaldifferencesontextualstyle

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.suggestarefugefromthelonghistoryofsexistliterarycriticism

B.offerasenseofpoliticalpurposethatcanonlybeawakenedthroughliterature

C.articulatethepossibilityforescapefromtheconfinesofgenderedidentity

D.referenceauniquefeministidentitythatmustbeextractedsomehowfromthebody

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.creatingadead-endforfeministliterarycriticismbyattackingthenotionofanandrogynistpoetics

B.reinforcingsexistnotionsthatwomencannotemulatetheliterarystyleofmen

C.pushingfeministwritingoutofthemainstreambyarguingthatmenareunabletofullycomprehendwomen’swriting

D.relyingtooheavilyonthetheoriesofFreud,underwhichidentityistheproductofbiology

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingtiesbetweengenerationsofwomenwritersandfightingpatriarchalinfluence

B.assigningtheproperweighttotheconceptofgenderassociallyconstructedandbiologicallyinherited

C.activelyfightingandpassivelydocumentingtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem

D.avoidingmarginalizationonthepoliticalfringesandde-politicizationinthepoliticalmainstream

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.agradualmovementfromtheideaofgenderlesswritingtoawritingthatoriginatesinthewoman’sbody

B.ashiftbetweenadversarialcriticismtomoretolerantvarietiesofcriticism

C.aregularfluctuationbetweentheideaofgenderlessandgenderedwritingthatgraduallysettlesonacompromise

D.amoreorlessconstantpursuitofthegoalofestablishingauniquenicheforwomen’sliterature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】30.主旨大意題。通讀全文，發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的寫(xiě)作脈絡(luò)都是圍繞“FeministLiteraryCriticism”,原文首段是說(shuō)Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（女權(quán)主義評(píng)論者在性別對(duì)創(chuàng)造力和演繹能力的作用上存在爭(zhēng)議）文第二段是說(shuō)TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,（女性審美在文學(xué)上表達(dá)出一種獨(dú)特的女性意識(shí)）；原文第三段是說(shuō)ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.（女權(quán)主義評(píng)論者認(rèn)識(shí)到并且承認(rèn)女性審美存在一些問(wèn)題）；原文第四段是說(shuō)Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems（女性評(píng)論者試著解決其中的一些問(wèn)題）。可見(jiàn)，全文應(yīng)為“女性文學(xué)評(píng)論的歷史概述”。即可得出本題答案。

31.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。選項(xiàng)A可定位至第二段第一句；選項(xiàng)B可定位至第三段；選項(xiàng)C可定位至第四段，選項(xiàng)D文中未提及。從而得出本題答案。

32.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段第二句VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”（弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫（VirginiaWoolf）探討了一位女作家如何在自己內(nèi)心尋找“池塘、深處、最大的魚(yú)睡覺(jué)的黑暗地方”，不可避免地與自己的性欲發(fā)生沖突，以面對(duì)“有關(guān)身體和激情的某些東西”。）根據(jù)“ownsexuality”,“thebody”,“thepassions”等信息判定“thelargestfish”指的是選項(xiàng)D。從而得出本題答案。

試題答案D

33.

信息推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thegreatestrisk”，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段最后一句Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.（女性主義批評(píng)認(rèn)為只有女性才能夠解讀女性寫(xiě)作的文本，而這一立場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是將女性文學(xué)與理論邊緣化）即可得出本題答案。

34.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“delicatebalance”，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段第三句“Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.（最后，在實(shí)現(xiàn)微妙的平衡方面最有希望的是一種包羅萬(wàn)象的性別理論的發(fā)展，該理論認(rèn)為性別，包括男性和女性，是建立在生理差異基礎(chǔ)上的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。）根據(jù)“considersgender”“socialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences”即可得出本題答案。

35.信息歸納題。本文主要關(guān)于女性文學(xué)評(píng)論的歷史發(fā)展，根據(jù)原文第一段第一句Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，女權(quán)主義批評(píng)家一直在爭(zhēng)論性別在文本的創(chuàng)作和解釋中所起的作用。），最后一段的“adelicatebalance”即可得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Whypickupwhatliteraryhistorysoresolutelydiscards?Anystudyofbestsellersconfrontsthesamequestionasdoesthedecaf,no-fatlattedrinkerinStarbucks:‘whybother?’Onejustification,andtheeasiestdemonstrated,istheirinterestingpeculiarity.Likeotherephemeraofpasttimes,bestsellersofferthecharmofantiquarianquaintness.Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.

Lookingbackthroughthelistsistouncoverdelightfulculturaloddities.Consider,forexample,thetop-sellingnovelof1923intheUnitedStates,BlackOxen,byGertrudeAtherton.RecalltoothatthediscriminatingreaderofthatyearhadJamesJoyce’sUlyssesandT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLandtochoosefrom.

TheallusionofAtherton'stitlesignalsgrandliterarypretension;pretensionabsurdlyunmerited.Nonetheless,thenovel’sthemewas,forthetime,bothtopicalandsensational—rejuvenation.Forhumans,thatis,notcattle.

ThenarrativeopensinaNewYorktheatre.Abrilliantyoungnewspaperman,LeeClavering,isstruckbyabeautifulwomanintheaudience.Investigationrevealsthatsheisfaciallyidenticalwithayoung‘belle’ofthirtyyearsbefore,MaryOgden.MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.

Whennewsofthewonderfulprocesshitsthenewspapers,‘civilwarthreatens’.AndlucklessClaveringfindshimselfinlovewithawomanoldenoughtobehismother.Ontheotherside,hehimselfisobsessivelylovedbyaflapper,Janet,youngenoughtobehisdaughter,whodrinksillegalhoochandattends‘pettingparties’.Theplotthickens,madlythereafter.Itisnonsense-justas,medically,Stcinach’sX-raymiraclewasnonsense.In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment.Itseems,frompublicitypictures,tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.Buttoshfictionandquackscienceasitmaybe,BlackOxenfits,hand-in-glove,withitsperiod.Andnootherperiod.

Howeverabsurditseemstothemodernreader,Atherton’snovelreflects,anddramatizes,contemporaryanxietyaboutwomen’sfreedoms.The1920swastheeraofthe'flapper'--theperpetuallyyounggirl-woman.Britishwomeninthisdecadehad,afterlongstruggle,thevote-butonlyiftheywereover30,afterwhichtheheydayinthefemalebloodwasconceivedtohavebeensufficientlycooledtomakerationalpoliticaldecisions.

BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.Itcouldhavebeenpublished15yearslater.Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.Norwouldit,inotherdays,havebeenwhatitwas,‘thebookoftheday’.Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.Thishand-in-glovequalityisinextricablylinkedwiththeephemeralityofbestsellerism.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionUlyssesandTheWasteLandinparagraph2?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutBlackOxenEXCEPT（

）.

3.Theword“rage”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingsentencecanbestexpressthemeaningofthehighlightedsentenceintheLastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutabestseller?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheywerebestsellersjustsecondtoBlackOxenin1923.

B.TheyweremorepopularthanBlankOxenin1923.

C.AscontemporarynovelsofBlackOxen,theywerenotpopularin1923.

D.Asbestsellersof1923,theywerenotaspopularasBlackOxen.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThoughthewriterofBlackOxendidgetatreatmentforkeepingyoung,butitlookedunsuccessful.

B.BlackOxenimpliedtheX-raytechniquewaswelcomedbywomenwhowereinmenopause.

C.BlackOxenwasverypopularin1923whenpeoplebelievedinpseudoscienceaboutrenewalofyouthfulness.

D.CountZattianyappearedinBlackOxenasaminorcharacter.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.angergreatly

B.prevailuncontrollably

C.rakelip

D.presumedaringly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theethosof1923forBlackOxenisjustlikewaterforfish.

B.Withoutitstime-and-space,BlackOxenwouldhaveenjoyeditspopularityforalongertime.

C.Withoutwater,BlackOxenwouldloseitspopularity.

D.BlackOxenwouldnothavebeenproducedifitwasn’ttreatedlikeafish.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Abestselleronlycatersforitsowntime.

B.Abestsellerisliabletotellalovetrianglestory.

C.Abestsellercannotbewrittenbyanoldfemalewriter.

D.Abestsellerisagreatliterarywork,thoughitisstrange.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.”，可知作者的觀點(diǎn)是暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)的壽命是短暫的，以至于今天的暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)幾乎一讀完就變成了昨天的小說(shuō)。所以在文章第二段作者用《尤利西斯》和《荒原》兩本書(shū)的例子和《黑色公?！纷隽藢?duì)比，說(shuō)明與同時(shí)代的暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)《黑色公?！芬粯?，它們?cè)?923年并不受歡迎。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment…tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.”，可知雖然她接受了Viennese恢復(fù)治療，但是并沒(méi)有效果。選項(xiàng)A符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.”，可知通過(guò)這種技術(shù)，處理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老過(guò)程是可以消除的。選項(xiàng)B符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.”，可知瑪麗?奧格登嫁給了一個(gè)匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在《黑色公牛》中扮演一個(gè)次要角色。選項(xiàng)D符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.”，可知《黑色公?！肥軞g迎的原因是由于小說(shuō)與時(shí)代的不可分割性。所以原因并沒(méi)有提及人們相信青春再生的偽科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.”，可知瑪麗?奧格登嫁給外交官的事情迅速傳播蔓延，但是最后真相說(shuō)明：Ogden/Zattiany通過(guò)Steinach醫(yī)生新發(fā)明的X射線技術(shù)重新煥發(fā)活力。所以rage在這一句的意思應(yīng)該是迅速傳播和蔓延。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.”，可知如果沒(méi)有1923年的時(shí)代和背景框架，《黑色公牛》就會(huì)像魚(yú)離開(kāi)水一樣無(wú)法存活。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，作者的對(duì)于暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)的觀點(diǎn)為：暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)因?yàn)楹彤?dāng)時(shí)所處的時(shí)代和思潮是相符的，所以會(huì)帶來(lái)小說(shuō)的短暫暢銷(xiāo)。又根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.”，可知1923年的暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)就像那個(gè)時(shí)代的新聞?lì)^條一樣，所以反應(yīng)的是那個(gè)時(shí)代的思想和潮流?？芍獣充N(xiāo)書(shū)只適合于自己的時(shí)代符合文意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種相對(duì)的科學(xué)理論并對(duì)其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對(duì)未來(lái)氣候研究的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的困難性并指出問(wèn)題的解決方法影響著我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽(yáng)物理的問(wèn)題之所以一直沒(méi)解決的原因并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過(guò)度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對(duì)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的并且太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是可以長(zhǎng)期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的，但是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)‘在這兩個(gè)模型中，周期性的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是太陽(yáng)的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間里幾乎沒(méi)有變化。’和C選項(xiàng)‘在一個(gè)模型中，太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的一個(gè)因素，而在另一個(gè)模型中則不是?！礤e(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)億年前太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對(duì)第一種模式的支持。

8.單選題

Itisfinallyrealizedhowfoolishitistodevelopoureconomy（

）theenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.atthecostof

D.intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考察介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。forthesakeof為了…；onbehalfof代表…；atthecostof以…為代價(jià)；intermsof在…方面。句意：人們終于明白了以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)來(lái)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)是多么愚蠢的行為。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Hewouldgotoendless（）tohelpanyonehethoughtworthyofencouragement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.difficulty

B.obstacle

C.trouble

D.nuisance

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:difficulty“困難”；B:obstacle“障礙”；C:trouble“麻煩”；D:nuisance“討厭的東西（人，行為）麻煩事”。句意：他幫助任何他認(rèn)為值得鼓勵(lì)的人會(huì)帶來(lái)無(wú)盡的麻煩。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C為正確答案。

10.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries（

）

theapprovalofthesenate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.drawsout

D.substitutefor

【答案】A

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)和別的國(guó)家所簽訂的協(xié)議要受到議會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。

besubjectedto受到...;經(jīng)受...。besubjectto受支配,從屬于;常遭受有...傾向的。drawout取出；擬訂。substitutefor代替，取代。

11.單選題

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge輕推,嘮叨;propel推進(jìn),驅(qū)使;divest剝奪;bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以來(lái),福利改革推動(dòng)了數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的像帕蒂諾這樣的單身母親加入到勞動(dòng)力大軍中,福利改革對(duì)家庭影響的問(wèn)題日益突出。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Itistheexistenceofandtheabilitytocontrolpreciselythetwoindependentcharge-transportmechanismsthatmakepossiblealljunctionsemiconductordevices.

【答案】正是精確控制兩個(gè)獨(dú)立電荷傳輸機(jī)制的存在和能力使連接所有半導(dǎo)體器件成為可能。

13.單選題

You’llhavetochangeyour（

）oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.form

B.mold

C.mood

D.mode

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。form意為“形狀，形式”；mold意為“模型，壓模”；mood意為“心情”；mode意為“方式，風(fēng)格，樣式”。由changeyour____oflife（改變你的生活____）可知D選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯，modeoflife表示“生活方式”。

句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必須改變你的生活方式。

14.單選題

Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overcame

B.overwhelmed

C.overheard

D.overlooked

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。overcome克服；overwhelm淹沒(méi)，壓倒；overheard無(wú)意聽(tīng)到；overlook忽視。

句意：那家公司要破產(chǎn)了，是真的嗎？我無(wú)意偷聽(tīng)你們說(shuō)話，只是無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到的。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,（

）insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)，表示原因，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有擔(dān)任主席的原因。主語(yǔ)he是動(dòng)詞consider的承受者，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B、D選項(xiàng)；tobeconsidered是不定式被動(dòng)式，表示將來(lái)或尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不符合句意，故排除C選項(xiàng)，因此選A。

句意：他沒(méi)有被要求擔(dān)任協(xié)會(huì)主席，考慮到他不太受所有成員歡迎。

16.單選題

Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly“maternalassociations”struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtoallthetemptationoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemotherknewwasto“breakthewill”ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.Asonemotherwrote“Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition-howeversweetita