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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theevilmannerswouldbe(

)rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.facilitated

D.emitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:由于地方政府的強(qiáng)力措施,壞習(xí)慣會(huì)終究被根除。

exterminate消滅;根除。exemplify例證;例示。facilitate促進(jìn);幫助;使容易。emit發(fā)出,放射;發(fā)行;發(fā)表。

2.單選題

Theweatherwasn’tfavorableandbothteamshadto(

)icyrainandastrongwindduringthematch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pindown

B.contendwith

C.getstuckin

D.takecontrolof

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。pindown發(fā)現(xiàn),查明,確定;contendwith對(duì)付,與...作斗爭(zhēng);getstuckin陷入...加緊進(jìn)行;takecontrolof取得對(duì)...的控制。

句意:天氣不太好,在比賽期間兩隊(duì)都不得不和冰冷的雨水以及大風(fēng)作斗爭(zhēng)。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Researchsuggeststhat,heavypenaltiesdonotactasa()topotentialcriminals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterrent

B.prevention

C.safeguard

D.distraction

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。deterrent“威懾物;制止物”;prevention“預(yù)防;阻止”;safeguard“保護(hù);安全設(shè)施”;distraction“分心;消遣”,heavypenalties“嚴(yán)厲的刑罰”是用來(lái)威懾那些犯罪者的,所以此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞deterrent,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為:研究表明,嚴(yán)厲的刑罰并不能威懾那些潛在的犯罪者。

4.單選題

Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe()so,theshopcouldhavesentit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotneedtodo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustnothavedone

D.couldn’thavedone

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)didnotneedtodo“(過(guò)去)沒(méi)必要/不需要做這事”,B選項(xiàng)needn'thavedone,need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞就完成時(shí)表示“本來(lái)無(wú)必要做這事(卻做了)”,C選項(xiàng)mustnothavedone“禁止這樣做”;mustnot表示禁止,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬,一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài),D選項(xiàng)couldn’thavedone“不能做這事(但做了),”句意:他自己把包裹帶回家,但他_______,商店可以把包裹寄給他。句子表達(dá)的意思是商店可以把包裹寄給他,所以他過(guò)去沒(méi)必要自己搬回包裹,表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做,但是做了的事情,所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

ThenewdesignsoftheChristmasstampsarealwayswaitedforwithkeen

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irritation

B.prediction

C.reception

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。irritation“刺激,激怒”;prediction“預(yù)報(bào),預(yù)言”;reception“接待,接收”;anticipation“預(yù)料,預(yù)期”。句意:人們總是熱切地期待著新設(shè)計(jì)的圣誕郵票。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Someteenagerharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which()themtherightandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.denies

D.rejects

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deprive“剝奪”;restrict“限制;約束”;deny“否定,拒絕給與”;reject“限制,約束”。一些青少年為什么會(huì)“憎恨社會(huì)”,就是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)“拒絕給與他們承認(rèn)的權(quán)利和特權(quán)”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Wealthypeoplesometimesfeela()tostealthingstheycaneasilyaffordtobuy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.priority

B.compulsion

C.privilege

D.repulsion

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。priority優(yōu)先;compulsion沖動(dòng);privilege特權(quán);repulsion排斥,厭惡。句意:富人有時(shí)會(huì)有一種沖動(dòng),想要偷一些他們很容易買得起的東西。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.單選題

Helencouldnothelpfeelingantipathytowardherfather’snewwifewhomhemarriedjusttwomonthsafterthedeathofHelen’smother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathy

B.concession

C.compassion

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情(強(qiáng)調(diào)共同分擔(dān),進(jìn)而對(duì)某種經(jīng)歷或遭遇引起共鳴);慰問(wèn);贊同”;B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步;特許(權(quán));承認(rèn);退位”;C選項(xiàng)compassion“同情(強(qiáng)調(diào)由于理解而同情,并主動(dòng)給予幫助,常常指通過(guò)自身痛苦或不幸而同情別人);憐憫”;D選項(xiàng)hostility“敵意;戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行動(dòng)”。句意:海倫對(duì)她父親的新妻子不禁感到反感,她父親在海倫的母親去世僅僅兩個(gè)月后就娶了她。本句關(guān)鍵詞antipathy表示“反感;厭惡;憎惡;不相容”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中D選項(xiàng)最合適,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

WhenImakeapromise,Ialways()it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keep

B.hold

C.catch

D.carry

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。句意:當(dāng)我許下承諾時(shí),我一定會(huì)信守諾言。keeppromise意為“信守承諾”,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.illuminate

C.elevate

D.minimize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)specializev.專門從事,詳細(xì)說(shuō)明;B選項(xiàng)illuminatev.闡明,說(shuō)明;C選項(xiàng)elevatev.提升,舉起,振奮;D選項(xiàng)minimizev.最小化,使減到最小。根據(jù)句意可知,如果病人查出得了癌癥,醫(yī)生總是盡量把病情說(shuō)得輕一些。因此,正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無(wú)知,愚昧,不知,不懂,忽視”;B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見(jiàn),偏愛(ài),斜紋”;C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn),中心,清晰;焦距”;D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào),加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣”。句意:使我吃驚的是她對(duì)任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視,無(wú)視,不尊重”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都認(rèn)為所得稅是“公平的稅”,因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每個(gè)人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxesB.每個(gè)國(guó)家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayitC.在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefitsD.它與個(gè)人的利益密切相關(guān)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞afairtax定位到原文第一段第一句,該句提到“所得稅的傳統(tǒng)吸引力來(lái)自于它被廣泛接受為一種公平稅收(asafairtax),這與個(gè)人支付能力密切相關(guān)(closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay)?!庇纱丝芍?,個(gè)人所得稅之所以被認(rèn)為是一種公平的稅,與個(gè)人的支付能力相關(guān)。由此推斷,所得稅在個(gè)人的支付能力范圍之內(nèi),所以人們認(rèn)為它是公平的,C選項(xiàng)“在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都享有公共福利”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)國(guó)家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“它與個(gè)人的利益密切相關(guān)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthe1970s,____.在二十世紀(jì)七十年代,____。

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometaxA.許多人呼吁取消所得稅

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometaxB.許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxsheltersC.通貨膨脹使許多人無(wú)法使用避稅手段

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’controlD.通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inthe1970s定位到原文第一段第四句,該句提到“這種情況在20世紀(jì)70年代惡化(Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s),因?yàn)椴粩嗌仙耐ㄘ浥蛎浧仁谷藗兝U納更高的稅級(jí),盡管他們的收入幾乎跟不上物價(jià)上漲的步伐?!鼻耙痪涮岬健暗搅?0世紀(jì)中期,出現(xiàn)了對(duì)稅收漏洞的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”,由此推斷,“這種情況”指的是“對(duì)稅收的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”。后文提到“這種壓力進(jìn)一步削弱了公眾對(duì)所得稅公平性的信心(publicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax)”,由此推斷,20世紀(jì)70年代,由于通貨膨脹,公眾對(duì)稅收漏洞批評(píng)的聲音越來(lái)越大,并且進(jìn)一步失去了對(duì)所得稅公平性的信心,因此B選項(xiàng)“許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“許多人呼吁取消所得稅”,原文雖然提到公眾對(duì)稅收公平性逐漸失去信心,但是沒(méi)有提到要取消所得稅,該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理;

C選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹使許多人無(wú)法使用避稅手段”,可定位到原文第一段第五句,該句提到“它(通貨膨脹的壓力)也產(chǎn)生了利用避稅(taxshelters)和其他漏洞以及隱瞞非記錄收入的強(qiáng)烈動(dòng)機(jī)。”由此可知,通貨膨脹正是人們采取避稅手段的誘因,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制”,可定位到原文第一段最后一句,該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施,起初被幾個(gè)州采用,然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?!庇纱丝芍?,政府在制定所得稅政策時(shí),針對(duì)通貨膨脹,采取了一些調(diào)整措施,但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明通貨膨脹是否超出了政府的控制,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

In1985,____.在1985年,____。

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicyA.聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreducedB.通貨膨脹率得到控制,所得稅稅率降低

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflationC.許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoorD.聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級(jí)來(lái)幫助窮人

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞In1985定位到原文第一段最后一句,該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施(Built-ininflationadjustments),起初被幾個(gè)州采用,然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?!庇纱丝芍?,政府在制定所得稅政策時(shí),針對(duì)通貨膨脹,采取了一些調(diào)整措施,聯(lián)邦政府在1985年也采取了這些調(diào)整措施。因此,A選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“通貨膨脹率得到控制,所得稅稅率降低”,原文只提到了1985年聯(lián)邦政府針對(duì)通貨膨脹,采取了這些所得稅的調(diào)整措施,并沒(méi)有提及該措施的結(jié)果,并且這些措施也不是用來(lái)控制通貨膨脹的,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹”,原文只提到了針對(duì)通貨膨脹的稅收調(diào)整措施,并不是抑制通貨膨脹的法律,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級(jí)來(lái)幫助窮人”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?下列哪項(xiàng)收入可以享受減稅或免稅?

A.Off-the-recordincome.A.非公開(kāi)的收入。

B.Self-employmentearnings.B.自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益。

C.Businessearnings.C.商業(yè)收入。

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.D.慈善活動(dòng)收入。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞areducedtaxorexclusion定位到原文第二段最后一句,該句提到“計(jì)算出從收入中允許的許多削減和免除是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的任務(wù),因?yàn)樗鼈円词辜{稅人之間更加公平(makeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayers),要么宣傳有價(jià)值的社會(huì)目標(biāo)(如慈善捐款)(promoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)),這是政府面臨的最困難和最敏感的政治問(wèn)題之一?!庇纱丝芍龠M(jìn)納稅人之間的公平以及宣傳有價(jià)值的社會(huì)目標(biāo)(如慈善捐款)的收入,可以享受稅收減免。因此,D選項(xiàng)“慈善活動(dòng)收入”可以享受減稅或免稅。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“非公開(kāi)的收入”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)收入”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府____。

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincomeA.對(duì)不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearningsB.允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferentlyC.區(qū)別對(duì)待企業(yè)和投資收入

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincomeD.對(duì)所有收入來(lái)源實(shí)行同樣的政策

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到原文最后一段,根據(jù)theUSstategovernments定位到最后一段第二句,該句提到“雖然一些國(guó)家和美國(guó)的一些州明確地對(duì)不同種類的應(yīng)稅收入應(yīng)用不同的規(guī)則,另一些國(guó)家,像美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府一樣,尋求以同樣的方式對(duì)待所有收入來(lái)源(seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway)?!盌選項(xiàng)“對(duì)所有收入來(lái)源實(shí)行同樣的政策”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則”,由【解題思路】可知,這是一些國(guó)家和美國(guó)的一些州的觀點(diǎn),不是美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府的觀點(diǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;

B選項(xiàng)“允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅”,可定位到原文最后一段第四句,該句提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從企業(yè)和自營(yíng)職業(yè)者的收入中扣除,而不是從工資和薪金中扣除?!庇纱丝芍?,原文只是提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從自營(yíng)職業(yè)者的收入中扣除”,無(wú)法推測(cè)出美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府“允許自營(yíng)收入的減稅”的觀點(diǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對(duì)待企業(yè)和投資收入”,原文提到美國(guó)大多數(shù)州政府尋求以同樣的方式對(duì)待所有收入來(lái)源,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

13.單選題

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough()approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。pernicious“有害的”;perfunctory“敷衍的”;lethargic“昏睡的,無(wú)生氣的”;phlegmatic“冷淡的,遲鈍的”。句意:孩子們重視他們寫作中具有洞察力的評(píng)論、回答和問(wèn)題,但是他們能迅速區(qū)分敷衍的意見(jiàn)和普通的贊美。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat(

).

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave(

).

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill(

).

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在,一份解雇通知書、一個(gè)糟糕的診斷,或者配偶的消失,都可能在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)把一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭變成一個(gè)新的貧困家庭?!庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過(guò)去一年的大部分時(shí)間里,布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會(huì)保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?chǔ)蓄賬戶模式,即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報(bào)進(jìn)行交易?!庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對(duì)成本和家庭承擔(dān)的份額都上升了,而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正從立法機(jī)構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工,免賠額大大提高,家庭未來(lái)醫(yī)療保健的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也增加了。”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,政治方面的影響可能也不遠(yuǎn)了?!庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題可能會(huì)帶來(lái)政治問(wèn)題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變,面臨著一系列危機(jī),由此可判斷B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)在懸崖上”符合題意。

15.單選題

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)answerfor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”;B選項(xiàng)accountfor“對(duì)……做出解釋”;C選項(xiàng)chargefor“要價(jià)”;D選項(xiàng)compensatefor“賠償”。句意:作為社會(huì)的一員,一個(gè)人應(yīng)該對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé),為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)。劃線部分beresponsiblefor是對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Wefrequentlyhearthatdrinkingasmallamountofcoffeecan

behealthy,Thisalwayscomesbacktotheevidencewheresome

1.______

coffee-drinkingisacommonbehavioramonglong-lived,healthy

peopleacrosspopulations.Newsstoriestendtointerpretthis

evidenceoptimistically,reportedthatcoffeemaybegoodforyou.

2.______

Inreality,itmightjustbeaninterestingcorrelation.Randomized,

controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct,asthe

3.______

effectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears,ifnot

4.______

alifetime,torevealthemselves.

Thosewhoclaimthatcoffeeishealthfultendtopointtothose

5.______

highlevelofantioxidants.Butantioxidantsupplementshavenot

beenprovedtocorrelatewithhealthandlongevity.Antioxidants

representavastspectrumofsubstances.VitaminEisan

6.______

antioxidant,andtakingVitamin-Esupplementshasbeenshownto

increasemen’sriskofprostatecancer.

Ifcoffeedoeshaveanaffectonlongevity,itislikelyaresult

7.______

ofsomethingmoreglobalthanthepotentialeffectofantioxidants

—suchthefactthatconstantexposuretocaffeine,evenatlow

8.______

levels,suppressesappetite(inaworldwheremostpeopleeatmore

thanisideal).Orthatitencouragessocialinteraction-itinclines

ustogooutanddothingswithpeople-whichitselfisgenerally

beneficialwithhealth.Thesearelegitimatelypositiveresults.But

9.______

aswithallchemicals,thecomprehensiveeffectofcaffeineonour

healthdependsonhow,andhowmany,weuseit.

10.______

【答案】1.where→that

2.reported→reporting

3.extreme→extremely

4.takes→take

5.to→out

6.vast→broad

7.affect→effect

8.∧the→as

9.with→to

10.many→much

【解析】1.考查同位語(yǔ)從句。evidence后面的從句是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明evidence,所以應(yīng)該是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句;而where是用來(lái)修飾地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句,故將where改為that。

2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。report的邏輯主語(yǔ)是newstories,它們之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系,所以report應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示伴隨。

3.考查副詞使用。根據(jù)句子“controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct”可知,extreme和difficult都是形容詞,形容詞無(wú)法修飾另外一個(gè)形容詞,故應(yīng)將extreme改為extremely。

4.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)句子“astheeffectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears”可知,take的主語(yǔ)是theeffectsofdietarychanges,是復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此take應(yīng)該和主語(yǔ)保持一致,故把takes改為take。

5.考查詞組。pointto多用來(lái)表示指向離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物,意為“指向”,to是介詞,著重于指的方向;而后面的thosehighlevelofantioxidants表示“高度抗氧化劑”,這個(gè)句子的意思是“那些聲稱咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化劑”,所以把pointto改為pointout合適。

6.考查形容詞使用。vast表示“廣闊的,巨大的”;avastspectrumof表示“廣泛的光譜”這與句子意思不符合;應(yīng)該將vast改為broad,abroadspectrumof固定搭配,表示“廣泛的”。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞性辨析。根據(jù)句子可知affect在句中是作名詞,而affect是動(dòng)詞,表示“影響”;如果要用名詞應(yīng)該改為effect“影響”;haveaneffecton表示“對(duì)……有影響”。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子可知破折號(hào)后面是舉例,而suchas為固定搭配,表示“例如,比如”;所以應(yīng)該在such后面加入as。

9.考查固定搭配。Bebeneficialto固定搭配,表示“對(duì)……有益”,所以應(yīng)該把with改為to。

10.考查副詞用法。本句中的howmany是修飾it,即前面的caffeine“咖啡因”,這是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,不能用many來(lái)修飾,故應(yīng)該將many改為much。

17.翻譯題

對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)講,引起焦慮的主要原因是高昂的房?jī)r(jià)、教育的支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。人們生活在巨大的壓力之下,但是低且增長(zhǎng)緩慢的工資使他們看不到脫離困境的希望。有時(shí)似乎是機(jī)會(huì)多多,人們也會(huì)因此而產(chǎn)生焦慮。

【答案】Formostpeople,themaincausesofanxietyarethehighcostofhousing,educationandhealthcare.Peoplearelivingunderenormouspressure,buttheyseelittlehopeforescapeastheirincomesarelowandtheirincreasesareslow.Atatimethatseemstobefullofopportunitiespeoplelivewithmanyanxieties.

18.單選題

Thatradiocompanyissobigthatithasalotof______inforeigncountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.introducers

B.instructors

C.conductors

D.agents

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)introducers“介紹人;創(chuàng)始者”;B選項(xiàng)instructors“教練;教師”;C選項(xiàng)conductors“(交響樂(lè)、合唱的)指揮;列車員”;D選項(xiàng)agents“代理商”。句意:那家廣播公司很大,所以在國(guó)外有很多______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,D選項(xiàng)agents“代理商”和radiocompany搭配比較合理,符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheuniversities.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages(1).usingfacultyfromforeigncountries(2)teachingpositionshavetobe(3),ofcourse.Itcanhesaidthatforeign(4)thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso(5)problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.

Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolate(6)inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;(7),whatheneedistobefitted(8)ahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom(9)athome.Heisfacedinhisdailywork(10)differencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents(11)backgroundineachother'scultures.Some(12)ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudentsis(13)bytheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimto(14)himselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso(15)certainadjustmentsinorderto(16)fulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan(17).Itisn'talwaysknownhowtomake(18)useofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea(19)wherefurtherstudyiscalled(20).Thefindingsofsuchastudywillbeofvaluetocollegesanduniversitieswithforeignfaculty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.of

D.at

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.within

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.measured

C.balanced

D.considered

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.situation

B.circumstance

C.background

D.condition

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.carries

B.creates

C.emerges

D.solves

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.himself

B.oneself

C.him

D.one

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.moreover

C.however

D.also

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.into

B.by

C.to

D.with

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.which

C.what

D.that

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.toward

B.with

C.to

D.at

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.possess

C.need

D.lack

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.concept

B.feeling

C.plan

D.intelligence

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.ordered

B.asked

C.insisted

D.required

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.place

B.adapt

C.put

D.direct

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.keep

C.make

D.cause

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.make

C.do

D.be

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.show

B.afford

C.express

D.offer

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.powerful

B.creative

C.imaginary

D.advantage

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.range

C.field

D.district

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.upon

D.at

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查介詞。此處:使用外國(guó)教師的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)必須考慮,是名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系,用of,故正確答案為C。

2.考查介詞。從上下文來(lái)看,空格修飾的是“teachingpositions教學(xué)崗位”,最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為A。

3.考查動(dòng)詞。本句大意為:“使用外國(guó)教師的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)必須……”,再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,只有D選項(xiàng)合適。

4.考查名詞。前文是foreign修飾空格處,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及語(yǔ)意應(yīng)該填入foreignbackground“外籍背景”,故選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.考查動(dòng)詞。句意大概是:“國(guó)外的教師資源也會(huì)……問(wèn)題”。從上下文來(lái)看,最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為B“產(chǎn)生”。

6.考查反身代詞。根據(jù)上下文,空格處指代句子主語(yǔ)“Theforeignresearchscholar外國(guó)研究學(xué)者”,符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的選項(xiàng)為A。

7.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文含義,此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折,而且轉(zhuǎn)折詞在前,因此最佳答案為C。

8.考查固定搭配。fitinto“(使)適合;與……融為一體”,因此答案為A。

9.考查代詞。此處句意為:“他必須適應(yīng)管理嚴(yán)密的大學(xué)體系,而這一點(diǎn)是與他國(guó)內(nèi)的大學(xué)體系大不相同的”,空格處缺少代詞,代指大學(xué)體系。因此答案為D。

10.考查固定搭配。befacedwith“面對(duì)”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為B。

11.考查動(dòng)詞。此處大意為:“所有外來(lái)教授和他的學(xué)生都……文化共同性”,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,正確選項(xiàng)D。

12.考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,空格處和“whatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudents”之間是所屬關(guān)系,因此A選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“學(xué)生腦海中的概念”為最佳答案。

13.考查動(dòng)詞。此處大意為:“外來(lái)教授……學(xué)生頭腦里已存在的那些概念”,空格處修飾concept“概念”這一詞,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,故選D。

14.考查固定搭配。adapt...to...使適應(yīng)于……,因此正確選項(xiàng)為B。

15.考查動(dòng)詞。makeadjustments“做出調(diào)整”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,最佳答案為C。

16.考查固定搭配。takefulladvantageof...“充分利用”,故答案為A。

17.考查動(dòng)詞。show“顯示;說(shuō)明”;afford“買得起;給予,提供”;express“表達(dá);快遞的”;offer“提供,供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,D為最佳答案。

18.考查形容詞。此處大意為:“……利用外籍教工”,空格處修飾名詞use。powerful“強(qiáng)大的;強(qiáng)有力的”;creative“創(chuàng)造性的;有創(chuàng)意的”;.imaginary“虛構(gòu)的,假想的”;advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì);利益;有利條件”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,B為最佳答案。

19.考查名詞。scope“范圍;余地;視野”;range“范圍;幅度”;field“領(lǐng)域”;district“區(qū)域;地方;行政區(qū)”。此處句意為:“這是一個(gè)有待進(jìn)一步研究的……”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,C為最佳答案。

20.考查固定搭配。callfor“要求”,故答案為B。

20.單選題

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingmanyfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,thesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofallhumanillnessisrelatedtodietand40%ofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.

Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglakesofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimes,similardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposesbutforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.ThoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FAD)hastriedrepeatedlytocontr

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