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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海戲劇學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

()everyfieldofourmodernlife,thereisnothingitcannotdotopushourcivilizationtoahigherstage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Computerenters

B.Withcomputerentering

C.Withcomputerenters

D.Computerentered

【答案】B

【解析】考查伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意:隨著計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)入我們現(xiàn)代生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,沒(méi)有什么不能把我們的文明推向更高的階段。with作伴隨狀語(yǔ),說(shuō)明造成某一局面的原因,with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行態(tài),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hedecidedtotake______golftoprovidehimselfwithsomerelaxation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.over

C.up

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……之上B.over關(guān)于,在……上方

C.up向上D.with和……在一起

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“他決定______高爾夫球來(lái)放松一下”可知,空格處表示“打”,分析句子可知,空格處是填入一個(gè)介詞與take搭配,而takeup表示“開(kāi)始從事”,在這里可以表示“開(kāi)始打高爾夫”,所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)takeon表示“承擔(dān),呈現(xiàn)”;

B項(xiàng)takeover表示“接管,接收”;

D項(xiàng)takewith表示“將……戴上”;

都不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】他決定開(kāi)始打高爾夫球來(lái)放松一下。

3.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presentation“展示,描述”,B項(xiàng)instruction“指令,命令,教導(dǎo)”,C項(xiàng)conviction“定罪,確信”,D項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù),職責(zé)”;根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境“這所學(xué)校承諾縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模,提供更個(gè)性化的……”可知,只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:這所學(xué)校承諾要縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模,提供更加個(gè)性化的教學(xué)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itisinvaintosaytheenlightenedstatesmenwillbeabletoadjusttheseclashinginterest,and(

)themallsubservienttothepublicgood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.cause

C.tame

D.render

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。conform“符合,遵照”;cause“導(dǎo)致”;tame“馴服”;render“提供,呈交”。句意:開(kāi)明的政治家將能調(diào)整這些相互沖突的利益,并且使他們都服從于公共利益,這些靠說(shuō)都是無(wú)用的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.

17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?

18.Whatdosethespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention?

19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel().

20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Confidence.

B.Preparation.

C.Informativeness.

D.Organization.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Gatherabundantdata.

B.Organizetheideaslogically.

C.Developagreatopening.

D.Selectappropriatematerial.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uneasy

B.uncertain

C.frustrated

D.depressed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.

B.Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimage.

C.Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.

D.Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

6.單選題

Therearelawstospecifytheperson(s)whowillobtainadeadperson's()ifnowillexists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heritage

B.fame

C.estate

D.prestige

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。heritage遺產(chǎn);fame名聲;estate房地產(chǎn),財(cái)產(chǎn);prestige威望。句意:法律規(guī)定,如果沒(méi)有遺囑,誰(shuí)將獲得死者的遺產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thetoolsoftheinformationagecanreinforce,ratherthanerode,thelocalcharacterofknowledgesystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transform

B.spoil

C.replace

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.transform使改變外觀(或性質(zhì))B.spoil破壞,搞壞,毀掉(把好的東西變成壞的、令人不快的、無(wú)用的東西)

C.replace代替,取代D.diminish減少,(使)減弱,降低(某物變小、變?nèi)酰?/p>

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】erode的意思為“逐漸毀壞,削弱,損害(摧毀某物或使其變得更弱)”,有破壞的意思,和reinforce“加強(qiáng);加固”的意思相反,這里指信息時(shí)代的工具不會(huì)破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性,反而會(huì)鞏固和加強(qiáng)其地方性,spoil表示破壞和毀掉,與之詞義相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符;

D選項(xiàng)側(cè)重于減弱,沒(méi)有到破壞的地步,詞義不同。

【句意】信息時(shí)代的工具可以鞏固加強(qiáng)而不是破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性。

8.翻譯題

Light,durable(經(jīng)久耐用),simpleandinexpensive,suchdevicesarewarmlyreceivedbyusers.

【答案】這種裝置(重量輕、耐用、簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)廉)受到用戶的熱烈歡迎。

9.單選題

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia,withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw;topumpmoreoil,drillmorewells;togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto(

).

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

).

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并沒(méi)有考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)環(huán)境及生態(tài)的長(zhǎng)期影響。)”,即可進(jìn)行合理推斷,從而得出本題答案。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是,盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會(huì)擴(kuò)張,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)卻不會(huì)。)”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他們關(guān)于饑荒和短缺的預(yù)言并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世紀(jì)英格蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)革命極大地提高了一英畝土地上的糧食產(chǎn)量,20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代也發(fā)生了同樣的事情,),”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第三句。根據(jù)“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在過(guò)去100萬(wàn)年的人類進(jìn)化過(guò)程中,同樣的事情也會(huì)發(fā)生,從蒸汽機(jī)到搜索引擎,所有的一切都能在過(guò)去的21秒內(nèi)完成。)”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷,從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段最后一句。根據(jù)“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在這么短的時(shí)間里,地球和人類社會(huì)發(fā)生了巨大的變化)”即可得出本題答案。

10.單選題

Weneedsomeonewhohasan________viewasthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.impartial

C.inquisitive

D.instinctive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.imaginative富于想象力的,創(chuàng)新的B.impartial公平的,公正的

C.inquisitive好奇的,愛(ài)打聽(tīng)的D.instinctive本能的,直覺(jué)的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處做定語(yǔ)修飾下文的“view(觀點(diǎn))”,表示我們需要一個(gè)有著什么樣觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的人。由“asthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer(擔(dān)任國(guó)家首席執(zhí)法官)”可知,空格處應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是首席執(zhí)法官的特點(diǎn),既然是執(zhí)法官,就需要是公平、公正的。impartial指平等對(duì)待所有人和群體,沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn),因此B選項(xiàng)“公平的,公正的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象力的,創(chuàng)新的”指擁有新想法和有趣想法的能力;

C選項(xiàng)inquisitive“好奇的,愛(ài)打聽(tīng)的”指喜歡問(wèn)問(wèn)題,有想知道更多的欲望;

D選項(xiàng)instinctive“本能的,直覺(jué)的”指與本能有關(guān)的或基于本能的,而不是基于思考或訓(xùn)練的;

均不能和“l(fā)awenforcementofficer(執(zhí)法官)”相對(duì)應(yīng)。

【句意】我們需要一個(gè)有公正態(tài)度的人來(lái)?yè)?dān)任國(guó)家首席執(zhí)法官。

11.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干,通讀全文,以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”,中文翻譯為:歐洲音樂(lè)復(fù)興與其說(shuō)是一套特定的音樂(lè)技巧,不如說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)普遍的文化運(yùn)動(dòng)和一種精神狀態(tài)??梢耘袛郈選項(xiàng)“歐洲文藝復(fù)興是一種包括音樂(lè)風(fēng)格變化在內(nèi)的文化發(fā)展。”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”,中文翻譯為:1855年,歷史學(xué)家朱爾斯?米歇萊(JulesMichelet)在他的《法國(guó)歷史》中首次使用了這個(gè)詞,隨后被文化歷史學(xué)家、藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家和音樂(lè)歷史學(xué)家采用,所有這些歷史學(xué)家都在1450-1600年的150年間將其應(yīng)用于歐洲文化。關(guān)鍵詞“eventually”意為“最后;終于”因此可知A選項(xiàng):音樂(lè)歷史學(xué)家在其他歷史學(xué)家之后才使用“文藝復(fù)興”這個(gè)詞正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”,中文翻譯為:對(duì)這些學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō),這意味著回歸人類,而不是靈魂價(jià)值。判斷C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類價(jià)值的文化強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“使用宗教主題”,C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作出人們會(huì)覺(jué)得有吸引力的藝術(shù)作品”以及D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”,中文翻譯為:藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向世俗和宗教題材,力求使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人??芍狟選項(xiàng)“只描繪人類經(jīng)歷中令人愉快的部分”未提及,符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”,中文翻譯為:此外,音樂(lè)在這一個(gè)半世紀(jì)里變化如此之快,盡管在不同的國(guó)家以不同的速度變化——我們不能定義一個(gè)單一的文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格。判斷出D選項(xiàng)“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,音樂(lè)從未長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持不變?!闭_。

12.單選題

Cloze

Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirobviousadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.Effortsare(1)tofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonable(2)totheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewas(3)forthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbe(4)reasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneof(5)research’sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,(6)twoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforone(7).Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists,carrots,bakingpowder,bread,cannedpeachesandpotatoes,(8)thebrandsoramountsspecified.Theseventhitem,inthefifth(9)bothlists,read“onepoundMaxwellHousecoffee”onthelistand“Nescafeinstantcoffee”onthe(10).Onelistwasgiventoeachpersoninagroupoffifty(11),andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesame(12).Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe(13)theycould,thekindofwoman(personalityandcharacter)(14)woulddrawupthatshoppinglist.(15)halfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffee(16)ahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.(17),onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohad(18)regularcoffeeonherlist,(19)lazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstant-coffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroup(20)suchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.done

B.made

C.taken

D.put

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resistance

B.persistence

C.insistence

D.assistance

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.liking

C.dislike

D.link

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.better

B.wiser

C.higher

D.deeper

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.motivation

B.intention

C.investigation

D.determination

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.produced

C.constructed

D.worked

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.goods

B.coffee

C.brand

D.item

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.that

D.which

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.of

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.list

B.item

C.other

D.place

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.group

B.persons

C.people

D.women

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.amount

B.size

C.quantity

D.mass

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.asfaras

B.because

C.when

D.evenif

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.where

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.Mostly

B.Largely

C.Partly

D.Nearly

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.told

B.described

C.spoke

D.suggested

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Thus

C.However

D.While

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.involved

B.included

C.covered

D.held

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.with

C.like

D.as

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.drew

C.gave

D.provided

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)done“做”;B選項(xiàng)made“使得;進(jìn)行;制造”;C選項(xiàng)taken“拿,帶”;D選項(xiàng)put“放;表達(dá);移動(dòng)”。根據(jù)固定搭配makeeffortsto“努力;下功夫”可知空格處應(yīng)填made。句意:我們努力尋找消費(fèi)者對(duì)該產(chǎn)品看似不合理的抵制的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)resistance“抵抗;反抗;抵抗力”;B選項(xiàng)persistence“持續(xù);固執(zhí);存留”;C選項(xiàng)insistence“堅(jiān)持,強(qiáng)調(diào);堅(jiān)決主張”;D選項(xiàng)assistance“援助,幫助;輔助設(shè)備”。上文中提到“Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirobviousadvantages.(速溶咖啡的生產(chǎn)商發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管他們的產(chǎn)品有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),但他們的產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上遭到了強(qiáng)烈抵制。)”,該處句意為:我們努力尋找消費(fèi)者對(duì)該產(chǎn)品看似不合理的_____的原因。聯(lián)系上文內(nèi)容可知該處想要表達(dá)的是找出這種抵制的原因,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)like“喜歡;想;愿意;希望”;B選項(xiàng)liking“喜歡(like的現(xiàn)在分詞)”;C選項(xiàng)dislike“不喜歡,厭惡”;D選項(xiàng)link“連接,連結(jié);聯(lián)合,結(jié)合”。句意:大多數(shù)人給出的理由是_____它的味道。上文提到想要找出這種抵制的原因,如果喜歡就不會(huì)抵制,所以此處應(yīng)該填不喜歡。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)better“更好的;更熟練的;更合適的”;B選項(xiàng)wiser“聰明的;賢明的”;C選項(xiàng)higher“更高的,較高的”;D選項(xiàng)deeper“更深的,更深層次的”。句意:但是,制作方懷疑有更深層次的原因。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)motivation“動(dòng)機(jī);積極性;推動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)intention“意圖;目的;意向;愈合”;C選項(xiàng)investigation“調(diào)查;調(diào)查研究”;D選項(xiàng)determination“決心;果斷;測(cè)定”。根據(jù)固定搭配motivationresearch“購(gòu)買動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)查;動(dòng)機(jī)分析;動(dòng)機(jī)研究(人與商品之關(guān)系)”可知空格處應(yīng)填motivation。句意:這得到了在業(yè)內(nèi)經(jīng)常被引用的購(gòu)買動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)查的經(jīng)典研究之一的支持。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)invented“發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造;虛構(gòu)”,主要用于科技領(lǐng)域,指通過(guò)思考、研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)制造出新的前所未有、極為有用的東西;B選項(xiàng)produced“生產(chǎn);引起;創(chuàng)作;生育,繁殖”,指產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),或作品創(chuàng)作的完成;C選項(xiàng)constructed“建造;組成,創(chuàng)建;編制;形成(觀念,理論)”,可指建筑的創(chuàng)建,也可指創(chuàng)建一個(gè)系統(tǒng)、理論、框架等;D選項(xiàng)worked“工作;運(yùn)作;起作用”。句意:加州大學(xué)的MasonHaire列出了兩份購(gòu)物清單。列清單不屬于發(fā)明,也不是創(chuàng)作,所以空格處應(yīng)填construct。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)goods“商品;動(dòng)產(chǎn);合意的人;真本領(lǐng)”;B選項(xiàng)coffee“咖啡;咖啡豆;咖啡色”;C選項(xiàng)brand“品牌,商標(biāo);類型;烙印”;D選項(xiàng)item“條款,項(xiàng)目;一則;一件商品(或物品)”。句意:加州大學(xué)的MasonHaire列出了兩份購(gòu)物清單,除了一項(xiàng)以外,其他內(nèi)容完全相同。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查伴隨狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子成分可知空格處后面引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ),伴隨狀語(yǔ)是指狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生,它的特點(diǎn)是:它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的。伴隨狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般情況下必須是全句的主語(yǔ),伴隨狀語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。以下五種結(jié)構(gòu)可做伴隨狀語(yǔ):with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、單個(gè)形容詞。由“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中可作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng),如該題中應(yīng)用with+名詞+形容詞結(jié)構(gòu),表處于一種狀態(tài)。句意:兩份清單共有六個(gè)項(xiàng)目:漢堡包、胡蘿卜、面包、發(fā)酵粉、罐裝桃子和土豆,并注明品牌或數(shù)量。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)in“在……內(nèi);在……里面”;B選項(xiàng)at“在……;向;朝;處于……狀態(tài)”;C選項(xiàng)on“在……上”;D選項(xiàng)of“屬于;……的”。后文中出現(xiàn)了onthelist,且根據(jù)句意:兩份清單中第五名的第七項(xiàng)分別是“一磅麥克斯韋咖啡”和“雀巢速溶咖啡”??芍崭裉帒?yīng)填介詞on。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)list“列表,清單,目錄”;B選項(xiàng)item“條款,項(xiàng)目;一則;一件商品”;C選項(xiàng)other“另外一個(gè)”;D選項(xiàng)place“地方;住所;座位”。句意:兩份清單中第五名的第七項(xiàng)分別是“一磅麥克斯韋咖啡”和“雀巢速溶咖啡”。前文提到兩份清單中的一份是麥克斯韋咖啡,所以此處想要表達(dá)的意思是另一份是雀巢咖啡。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)group“組;團(tuán)體”;B選項(xiàng)persons“人員;人們”;C選項(xiàng)people“人;人類;民族;公民”;D選項(xiàng)women“女人”。句意:一份名單發(fā)給一組50名_____中的每個(gè)人,另一份名單發(fā)給另一組同樣大小的人。根據(jù)下文中的“Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlists...(這些女性被要求研究她們的購(gòu)物清單……)”可知該項(xiàng)研究的研究對(duì)象是女性,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量,數(shù)額;總數(shù);(感情、特質(zhì)的)程度”;B選項(xiàng)size“大小;尺寸”;C選項(xiàng)quantity“量,數(shù)量;大量;總量”;D選項(xiàng)mass“塊,團(tuán);群眾,民眾;大量,眾多;質(zhì)量”。quantity屬于書(shū)面用詞,指事物的總量和總數(shù)量,側(cè)重大批計(jì)量,含準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量的意味;amount屬于普通用詞,與quantity近義,但強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,指把所有數(shù)量、重量及度量歸并在一起得出的總數(shù)。quantity和amount用法上相同。句意:一份名單發(fā)給50名女性中的每個(gè)人,另一份名單發(fā)給另一組同等規(guī)模的女性。該題側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)小組的規(guī)模而不是數(shù)量,且該題如果用quantity或amount,則需在后面加上研究對(duì)象,即groupofthesameamountofwomen。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asfaras“至于,直到,遠(yuǎn)到;就……而言”;B選項(xiàng)because“因?yàn)?,由于”;C選項(xiàng)when“什么時(shí)候;何時(shí)”;D選項(xiàng)evenif“即使;雖然”。根據(jù)固定搭配asfarastheycould“盡他們所能”可知空格處應(yīng)填asfaras。句意:這些女性被要求研究她們的購(gòu)物清單,然后盡可能地描述出會(huì)列出這種購(gòu)物清單的女性的個(gè)性和性格。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題主要考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇,該句的先行詞是woman,指人,且在從句中做主語(yǔ),當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選who。句意:這些女性被要求研究她們的購(gòu)物清單,然后盡可能地描述出會(huì)列出這種購(gòu)物清單的女性的個(gè)性和性格。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mostly“主要地;通常;多半地”;B選項(xiàng)largely“主要地;大部分;大量地”;C選項(xiàng)partly“部分地;在一定程度上”;D選項(xiàng)nearly“差不多,幾乎;密切地”。句意:在收到包括速溶咖啡在內(nèi)的清單的受訪者中,幾乎近一半的人認(rèn)為家庭主婦懶惰且計(jì)劃性差。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)told“告訴,說(shuō);辨別;吩咐;斷定”;B選項(xiàng)described“描述,描繪,形容”;C選項(xiàng)spoke“說(shuō)話;演講;表明;陳述”;D選項(xiàng)suggested“提議,建議;啟發(fā);使人想起”。句意:在收到包括速溶咖啡在內(nèi)的清單的受訪者中,近一半的人_____家庭主婦懶惰且計(jì)劃性差。上文提到“Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribeasfarastheycould”,而此處正是她們描述的內(nèi)容,由此可知空格處應(yīng)填described。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)therefore“因此;所以”;B選項(xiàng)thus“如此,這樣,以此方式;強(qiáng)調(diào)用什么方式或達(dá)到某種程度或范圍”;C選項(xiàng)however“然而;可是”;D選項(xiàng)while“在……期間;雖然,盡管”。句意:_____,在另一組中,只有一名婦女認(rèn)為把普通咖啡列入清單的家庭主婦懶惰。前一句說(shuō)到有將近一半的人認(rèn)為家庭主婦懶惰,這一組只有一個(gè)人,邏輯上應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,且空格后有逗號(hào),however符合要求,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)involved“包含;牽涉;使陷于;潛心于”;B選項(xiàng)included“包含,包括”;C選項(xiàng)covered“包括;采訪,報(bào)導(dǎo);涉及;行”;D選項(xiàng)held“持有;擁有;保存;拘留;約束或控制;召開(kāi),舉行”。include指某樣?xùn)|西是另外一樣?xùn)|西的一個(gè)部分,是一種包容關(guān)系;involve所指的這種包含帶有某事“很重要、有必要,不可避免,牽涉到”之類的意思;cover意為“包括”更傾向于“涉及;處理”,表泛指。文章此處的包括指的清單上面包括咖啡,是一種包容關(guān)系,所以空格處應(yīng)填included。句意:然而,在另一組中,只有一名婦女認(rèn)為把普通咖啡列入清單的家庭主婦懶惰。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查固定搭配。describeas“描述為;把……說(shuō)成;認(rèn)為;把……稱為”。句意:然而,在另一組中,只有一名婦女認(rèn)為把普通咖啡列入清單的家庭主婦懶惰。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)made“使得;進(jìn)行;制造”;B選項(xiàng)drew“畫(huà);拉;吸引;拖”;C選項(xiàng)gave“給;產(chǎn)生;讓步;舉辦;授予”;D選項(xiàng)provided“提供;規(guī)定;準(zhǔn)備;裝備”。根據(jù)固定搭配drawaconclusion“得出結(jié)論;提出結(jié)論;下結(jié)論”可知句意為:另一組中沒(méi)有人對(duì)打算買普通咖啡的家庭主婦得出這樣的結(jié)論。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

自新中國(guó)成立以來(lái),南京發(fā)生的巨大而深刻的變化令人歡欣鼓舞。從1949年4月23日開(kāi)始,人民真正成為這座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤勞作,把古城南京裝扮得面貌一新,特別是近十幾年,改革開(kāi)放又給這座美麗的名城注入了新的活力,嶄新的工作、通達(dá)的運(yùn)輸、如畫(huà)的城市建設(shè)、興盛的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、多彩的文化生活,都使這個(gè)具有古都特色的現(xiàn)代化城市煥發(fā)出勃勃英姿。南京,這座古老而又年輕的歷史文化名城,是多么可愛(ài)!

“兒時(shí)”的可愛(ài)是“無(wú)知”。那時(shí)侯,件件都是“知”,你每天可以做大科學(xué)家和大哲學(xué)家,每天在發(fā)現(xiàn)什么新的現(xiàn)象,新的真理。現(xiàn)在呢?什么都已經(jīng)知道了,熟悉了,每個(gè)人的臉都已經(jīng)看厭了。宇宙和社會(huì)是那么陳舊,無(wú)味,雖然它們其實(shí)比“兒時(shí)”新鮮得多了。我于是想念“兒時(shí)”,禱告“兒時(shí)'不能夠前進(jìn)的吋候,就愿意退后幾步,替自己恢復(fù)己經(jīng)走過(guò)的前途。請(qǐng)求“無(wú)知”回來(lái),給我求知的快樂(lè)。

【答案】GreatandprofoundchangeshavetakenplaceinNanjingsincethefoundationofNewChina.ThecommonpeoplehavebecomethegenuinemastersofthisoldcitysinceApril23,1949.ThepeopleofNanjingwhohavebeenworkinghardontheirownlandhavegiventhisage-oldcityanewappearance.Especiallyforthepasttenyearsormore,China’sreformandopening-uppolicyhasbroughtmorefreshvigortothisbeautifulandfamouscity.Newjobs,efficienttransportationnetworksextendinginalldirections,picturesquecityconstruction,prosperoustertiaryindustriesandvariousandcolorfulculturallives,haveaddedcharmandvitalitytothismoderncitywhichretainssomehowthefeaturesofanancientcapital.HowlovelyNanjing—ahistoricandculturalcitywhichisoldandyoungis!

Thechildhood’slovelinessisignorant.Duringthatperiod,everythingwasnewtous,andeverydaywecouldbeagreatscientistorphilosopher;eachdaywediscoverednewphenomenaandnewtruths.Howaboutnow?Noweverythingisfamiliartous,butwe’retiredoflookingateverybody’sface.Theuniverseandsocietyaresooldandtasteless,althoughtheyaremuchfresherthanchildhood.ThenImissmychildhoodandprayforit.Whenwecannotadvanceanymore,weliketotakeafewstepsbacktorestorethefuturewehavepassed.Weaskforthereturnof“childishignorance”toletusre-experiencethejoyofknowledge-seeking.

14.單選題

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that().

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto().

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisasystemthat

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