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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東農(nóng)工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular(
)for30millionparticipantsofallages.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fantasy
B.pastime
C.symposium
D.penalty
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”;pastime“消遣,娛樂(lè)”;symposium“討論會(huì);座談會(huì)”;penalty“懲罰,處罰”。句意:在過(guò)去的十五年來(lái),跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式,不同年齡段共三千萬(wàn)人的參與。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.單選題
Fuelscarcities()automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prompted
B.encouraged
C.fomented
D.spotlighted
【答案】A
【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計(jì)師開(kāi)發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。prompt提示,促使,激起;encourage鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì);foment煽動(dòng),挑起;;spotlight聚光照明,使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。
3.單選題
Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread()lettersfromtheirfamilies.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.sentimental
B.affectionate
C.intimate
D.sensitive
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sentimental“多愁善感的”;B選項(xiàng)affectionate“深情的,充滿愛(ài)的”;C選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的”;D選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”。根據(jù)句意可知,來(lái)自親人的應(yīng)該是深情的,充滿愛(ài)的信件,所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。
4.單選題
Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.
Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.
Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.
Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.
Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.
31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailway,monopolyisunlikelybecause().
32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?
33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that().
34.Theword“arbiters”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose().
35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition
B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination
C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist
D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Indifferent
B.Supportive
C.Indignant
D.Apprehensive
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad
B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide
C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief
D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.whoworkascoordinators
B.whofunctionasjudges
C.whosupervisetransactions
D.whodeterminetheprice
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.thecontinuingacquisition
B.thegrowingtraffic
C.thecheeringWallStreet
D.theshrinkingmarket
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.(他們認(rèn)為,來(lái)自卡車的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)消除了任何壟斷的威脅)由此可以推論對(duì)于那些支持合并鐵路的人來(lái)說(shuō),做到壟斷運(yùn)輸是不可能的,因?yàn)檫€有卡車以及其他運(yùn)輸工具的威脅。因此C選項(xiàng)“外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者將繼續(xù)存在”,正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“成本的降低是基于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”與題意不符可排除,B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)需要跨貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)”定位到第二段第一句Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.(新的超級(jí)系統(tǒng)的擁護(hù)者認(rèn)為,這些合并將大幅降低成本,更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。)只是談及合并的好處,與題意不符,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“托運(yùn)人將扼住鐵路的咽喉”,根據(jù)原文truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.(卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高,因此被鐵路公司扼住了咽喉)表述有誤,偷換主語(yǔ),可排除。故選C。
32.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在第二段Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.(但是,許多托運(yùn)人抱怨說(shuō),對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸?shù)拇笞谏唐?,如煤炭、化學(xué)品和糧食,卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高,因此鐵路就會(huì)扼住他們的咽喉。)第五段句首Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.(許多受控制的托運(yùn)人還擔(dān)心,他們很快將遭遇一輪大幅漲價(jià)。)以及Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.(許多托運(yùn)人擔(dān)心隨著諾福克南方公司和統(tǒng)一鐵路公司牢牢控制住市場(chǎng),他們將可能成為買單人。)綜上可知,托運(yùn)人對(duì)鐵路行業(yè)的整合是有顧慮和擔(dān)憂的。A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”,B選項(xiàng)“支持的”,C選項(xiàng)“憤怒的”,D選項(xiàng)“憂慮的”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選D。
33.推理判斷題。定位到第三段最后一句Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.(覺(jué)得自己被多收費(fèi)的托運(yùn)人有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的陸路運(yùn)輸委員會(huì)上訴,要求降低費(fèi)率,但這一過(guò)程既昂貴又耗時(shí),而且只有在真正極端的情況下才會(huì)奏效。)由此可以推論出,托運(yùn)人覺(jué)得被多收費(fèi)時(shí),是可以上訴的,但是很難奏效,除非遇到了非常極端的情況。因此C選項(xiàng)“被收費(fèi)過(guò)高的托運(yùn)人不太可能請(qǐng)求減免運(yùn)費(fèi)”符合題意,正確。A選項(xiàng)“如果沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的鐵路公司,托運(yùn)人的費(fèi)用將會(huì)降低”根據(jù)原文Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.(鐵路公司對(duì)這些托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用,通常比有其他鐵路公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)多20%到30%)可知沒(méi)有其他鐵路公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用不降反增,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很快全國(guó)就會(huì)只有一家鐵路公司了”說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì),范圍太廣,因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)政府委員會(huì)確保鐵路行業(yè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”未提及,不符合題意,可排除。故選C。
34.詞義推測(cè)題。定位到關(guān)鍵詞Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?(我們真的想讓鐵路公司成為市場(chǎng)中誰(shuí)贏誰(shuí)輸?shù)摹瓎幔浚〢選項(xiàng)“協(xié)調(diào)者”,B選項(xiàng)“法官;裁判員”,C選項(xiàng)“交易監(jiān)督員”,D選項(xiàng)“定價(jià)人”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞匯winorlose“輸或贏”,主要是依靠裁判員界定的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A,C,D均與題意不符。故選B。
35.客觀事實(shí)題。定位在文章的最后一段Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.(鐵路行業(yè)作為一個(gè)整體,盡管有著光明的命運(yùn),但其收入仍不足以支付其必須投資的資本成本,以跟上其激增的交通。)和Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.(然而,在華爾街的鼓勵(lì)下,鐵路公司繼續(xù)借貸數(shù)十億美元來(lái)互相收購(gòu)。)由此可知鐵路公司雖然前景很好,但還是在不夠充裕的時(shí)候,繼續(xù)借貸進(jìn)行對(duì)其他鐵路公司的收購(gòu)。鐵路公司需要大量的資金用來(lái)收購(gòu),因此A選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的收購(gòu)”符合題意,正確。B選項(xiàng)“激增的交通”,C選項(xiàng)“華爾街的鼓勵(lì)”,有一些方面的因素,但都算不上主要原因,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“萎縮的市場(chǎng)”在文中并未涉及,干擾項(xiàng),可排除。故選A。
5.單選題
There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.misconceive
B.distort
C.change
D.preoccupy
【答案】B
【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misconceive“誤解,誤會(huì)”;B選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲;使失真;曲解”;C選項(xiàng)change“改變”;D選項(xiàng)preoccupy“(使)全神貫注;提前占據(jù)”。句意:媒體總是對(duì)飛機(jī)失事進(jìn)行密集報(bào)道,這真的會(huì)加劇人們的恐懼,他們對(duì)飛行安全的認(rèn)知。根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可以推斷,當(dāng)媒體大量報(bào)道某事時(shí),往往會(huì)誤導(dǎo)、曲解人們對(duì)該事件的客觀認(rèn)識(shí),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.incompatible
B.exceeding
C.instantaneous
D.eternal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的,不兼容的”,B項(xiàng)exceeding“非常的”,C項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”,D項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”,把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入,只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意:生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler(
)respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.recites
B.confirms
C.quotes
D.convinces
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。recite意為“背誦,朗誦,列舉”;confirm意為“確認(rèn),批準(zhǔn),證實(shí)”;quote意為“引述,引用”;convince意為“使相信,說(shuō)服,使承認(rèn)”。
句意:為了加強(qiáng)他的論點(diǎn),托夫勒引用了同意他觀點(diǎn)的受人尊敬的社會(huì)科學(xué)家的話。
8.單選題
In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.
Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.
BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”
AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.
InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.
TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.
Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.
Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.
Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.
1.Accordingtothearticle,()didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.
2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas()whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.
3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin()weregiventhevaccine.
4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.GeorgeBush
B.Obama
C.theCongress
D.theSenate
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theThaiGovernment
B.theFrenchGovernment
C.thescientistfromNewEngland
D.theUnitedStatesArmy
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Thailand
B.theUnitedStatesofAmerica
C.France
D.Canada
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.
B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.
C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.
D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformation
B.shouldnotbetakenseriously
C.hasproducedreliablestatistics
D.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后來(lái)試圖取消這一規(guī)定,但國(guó)會(huì)將旅行禁令作為移民法的一部分。由此可知,選項(xiàng)C正確。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美國(guó)軍方贊助了疫苗試驗(yàn)。由此可知,選項(xiàng)D正確。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰國(guó)研究人員對(duì)1.6萬(wàn)多名志愿者進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。一半的志愿者接種了疫苗。另一半則使用安慰劑。由此可知選項(xiàng)A正確。
4.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我國(guó)(美國(guó))也是僅有的十幾個(gè)禁止艾滋病人入境的國(guó)家之一。由此可知,選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知,在巴黎舉行的會(huì)議是公布研究結(jié)果而不是預(yù)防艾滋,所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人員證實(shí),在泰國(guó)進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究只產(chǎn)生了“溫和”的結(jié)果,所以選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批評(píng)人士表示,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是偶然的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
9.單選題
From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and(
)the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thereby
B.when
C.during
D.whereas
【答案】C
【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而,因此”;when“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”;during“在期間”;whereas“然而,鑒于”。句意:從1947年到1950年抽象表達(dá)完全成熟,在20世紀(jì)50年代期間,這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺(tái)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
10.單選題
Asweareonthepointof()someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.transmitting
B.transferring
C.transacting
D.transporting
【答案】C
【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易,所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。transmit傳播;傳送:transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行;進(jìn)行(貿(mào)易、談判等);transport運(yùn)輸??崭裉幍馁e語(yǔ)是business(商業(yè),交易),因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。
11.單選題
Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.spectators
B.viewers
C.participants
D.onlookers
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾,旁觀者;viewer觀察者,觀看者;participant參與者;onlooker旁觀者,觀眾。句意:今年夏季的國(guó)際會(huì)議有150名與會(huì)者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
12.翻譯題
美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點(diǎn)結(jié)束了他對(duì)亞洲三國(guó)的訪問(wèn)。作為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)政策顧問(wèn)和最主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)發(fā)言人,保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認(rèn)為是布什政府對(duì)華經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中,保爾森多次強(qiáng)調(diào)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不僅不具有威脅性,而且對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)有好處。他表示,美國(guó)歡迎中國(guó)發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的一員。
【答案】HenryPaulson,TreasurySecretary,leftShanghaiyesterday,wherehemadeanendofthevisittothethreecountriesinAsia.AsthechiefeconomicpolicyconsultantandeconomicaffairsspokesmanoftheAmericapresident,PaulsondeliveredakeynoteaddressinShanghaiFuturesExchange.AndtheaddresswasviewedasthelatestexpositionoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheBush-administrationtowardsChina.Duringthespeech,PaulsonrepeatedlyemphasizedthatChina’seconomicgrowthhasbenefitbutnothreattotheglobaleconomicgrowth.HedeclaredthatAmericawelcomesthedevelopmentofChinatobecomeamemberoftheglobaleconomy.
【解析】
13.單選題
Mostcharismatic(有魅力的)leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(趣聞?shì)W事).Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.
Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.
Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.
Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped(狹窄的)spacethatyouknowwell.”
Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.
Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.
1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?
2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe(
).
3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.
B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.
C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.
D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.interesting
B.morecomfortable
C.closetonature
D.isolated
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment
B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats
C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe
D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.
B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.
C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.
D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees
B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers
C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter
D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個(gè)低職位員工違抗高級(jí)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo),是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有責(zé)任心的員工”。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個(gè)被隔離且沉悶的動(dòng)物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。
3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無(wú)論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力,都得花時(shí)間,且需要勇氣離開(kāi)舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對(duì)與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時(shí)間且需要勇氣的”。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)充分利用各類奇聞?shì)W事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事,因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)讓聽(tīng)眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的,因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€(gè)人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過(guò)閱讀書籍、雜志和時(shí)事新聞,可以打造個(gè)人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)要想成為一個(gè)高效的講故事者,只需制作一個(gè)有用的奇聞?shì)W事記錄冊(cè)。故D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)。因此選A。
5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會(huì)時(shí)很多人可能都了解了接下來(lái)的改變對(duì)員工來(lái)說(shuō)意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會(huì)人員更好理解即將到來(lái)的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個(gè)高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個(gè)經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。
14.單選題
Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.acquisitive
B.penurious
C.apropos
D.altruistic
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.acquisitive渴求獲取財(cái)物的,貪婪的B.penurious貧窮的,窮困的
C.apropos恰好的,恰當(dāng)?shù)腄.altruistic利他的
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句意“不能擺脫自私和機(jī)會(huì)主義的指責(zé)”可知,該公司的行為并不是像其宣稱的“純粹的利他主義”。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。
【句意】雖然該公司將其在這座被摧毀的城市的行為描述為純粹的利他主義,但它無(wú)法擺脫自私和機(jī)會(huì)主義的指責(zé)。
15.單選題
Ifyouwanttokeepyourjobhere,youwillhavetobe()oflongworkinghoursandlowsalary.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tolerant
B.tolerable
C.bearable
D.tolerate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tolerant“忍受的,有忍耐力的”;B選項(xiàng)tolerable“可容忍的,容許的”;C選項(xiàng)bearable“承受得住的”;D選項(xiàng)tolerate是動(dòng)詞“忍受”。句意:如果你想保住你在這里的工作,你就得忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作,拿低工資。根據(jù)空格有一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞,可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞,排除D,根據(jù)句意理解,本句表達(dá)的是忍受,而不是可容性或承受力,所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
EversincetheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtworkersfromsmallshopsintofactories,supervisionhasbeenrequired.Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.Thus,managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.
Efficiencymeansgettingresultswiththeleastpossiblewasteoftime,effort,andmoney.Therefore,efficiencyistheaimofallmanagement,bothpublicandprivate.Inprivatebusiness,efficiencycanbemeasuredbyprofit,thesurplusofincomeoverexpenditures.
Themanager’sajob,then,istogetpeopletodothingsefficiently.Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems,buttheyutilizemethodsbasedonagrowingbodyofknowledge.Shopmanagerscarryouttimeandmotionstudiestoimproveworkers’efficiency,andforemengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperlyandtoensurethesupplyofspareparts.Theflowofworkissupervisedtoavoidanyunplannedidlenessofworkersofequipment.Eachstepinmanufacturingisplannedindetail,andthecostofeachstepiscarefullycalculated.Supervisorsconsultexpertsregularlyinordertomasternewtechniques.Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetydevices,cafeterias,andrecreationfacilities—evenwhenthesehavenotbeendemandedbylaborunions.Theuseofmodernelectronicdeviceshadledtoincreasingautomation,inwhichmanyautomaticmachinesfunctionwithoutanyneedforhumanlabor.
Scientificmanagementmethodshavespreadtoallbranchesofindustry—notonlymanufacturing,butalsoaccounting,finance,marketing,andotherofficework.Thereareplanningsystems,organizationsystemsandcontrolsystems.Withinthesethereareothersystemsfordelegationofauthority,budgeting,informationfeedbackforcontrol,andsoon.Theessenceofallthefunctionsofmanagementiscoordination,theharmoniouscombinationofallindividualeffortsfortheachievementoftheobjectivesoftheenterprise.
26.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.
27.Thetopmanager________.
28.Allmanagersemploy________.
29.Personnelmanagersproviderestperiods,safetydevices,recreationfacilities,etc.________.
30.Theessenceofallmanagementfunctionsis________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.industrialmanagementdependsonthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies
B.industrialmanagementisindispensabletothesuccessesofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies
C.thesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomieshasnothingtodowithindustrialmanagement
D.industrialmanagementdidnotdevelopuntilthelastfiftyyears
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.isresponsibleforselectingothermanagersandhelpthemdothingsefficiently
B.getsothermanagerstochooseandtrainthemselves
C.managesothermanagers’operations
D.learnsnewtechniquesfromothermanagers
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.variousmethodstosolvetheirpracticalandcomplexproblems
B.specialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly
C.workerswhogiveon-the-jobtraining
D.adviserstohandlepracticalandcomplexproblems
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.becausethelaborunionsdemandthem
B.justtoimprovetheworkers’morale
C.toobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkers
D.toensurethegoodworkingconditions
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.tocombineindividualeffortstoachievetheobjectivesoftheenterprise
B.thecoordinationofthefunctionsofmanagement
C.theharmoniouscoordinationoforganizationeffortsfortheachievementofindividualobjectives
D.tocoordinatethesystemsforplanning,organizationandcontrol
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.(管理是新的人類歷史,已經(jīng)對(duì)各類企業(yè)的成功和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。),可知B選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理對(duì)于各類企業(yè)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功必不可少”正確,A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理依賴于各種企業(yè)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功”和C選項(xiàng)“各類企業(yè)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功與工業(yè)管理無(wú)關(guān)”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理直到最近五十年才發(fā)展起來(lái)”:根據(jù)第一段第二句Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.(然而,只是在最近的一百年里,工業(yè)管理才發(fā)展成為一套極有組織的現(xiàn)代提高效率的方法。),可知工業(yè)管理在最近百年內(nèi)而非五十年內(nèi)發(fā)展起來(lái),故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.(總經(jīng)理管理其他經(jīng)理,選拔和培訓(xùn),制作工作計(jì)劃,并檢查結(jié)果。),可知總經(jīng)理主要做選人用人的工作,A選項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)挑選其他經(jīng)理,并幫助他們有效率地做事”正確,B選項(xiàng)“讓其他經(jīng)理選擇和培訓(xùn)他們自己”,C選項(xiàng)“管理其他經(jīng)理的業(yè)務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“從其他經(jīng)理那里學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
28.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems(所有的管理者都有實(shí)際的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題),所以A選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際和復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題的各種方法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“保證機(jī)器正常工作的專家”:根據(jù)第三段第五句Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly(工業(yè)管理人員雇用專家來(lái)確保機(jī)器正常工作),可知這是工業(yè)管理人員的職責(zé),故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“提供在職培訓(xùn)的工作人員”:根據(jù)第三段第四句foremengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.(領(lǐng)班給工人進(jìn)行在職培訓(xùn)),可知這是領(lǐng)班的職責(zé),故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“處理實(shí)際和復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的顧問(wèn)”:文章沒(méi)有提到顧問(wèn),故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
29.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetyd
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