考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都信息工程大學(xué)銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都信息工程大學(xué)銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.寫(xiě)作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion5.

【答案】Cultureisastudyofperfectionandhasitsoriginintheloveofperfection.Itmovesbytheforceofscientificpassionforpureknowledgeandthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.Thespiritofthehumanracefindsitsidealbymakingendlessadditionstoitself,theendlessgrowthinwisdomandbeauty.Cultureisanindispensableaidtoreachthisidealandthatisthetruevalueofculture.Thewholecivilizationinourmodernworldismechanicalandexternal,andtendsconstantlytobecomemoreso.Cultureplaysasignificantrolebecauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.Culturehasonegreatpassionforsweetnessandlight,andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.

2.單選題

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mercurial“多變的；活潑的；機(jī)智的”；B選項(xiàng)gallant“英勇的”；C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”；D選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的”。句意：雖然琳達(dá)有時(shí)太懶，不像她的姐妹們那樣努力工作，但她對(duì)引人注目更熱烈地喜歡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比較合理，和avid“熱衷的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Exercisecanaffectouroutlookonlife,anditcanalsohelpusgetridoftension,anxietyandfrustration.Soweshouldtakeexercise（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.constantly

B.normally

C.usually

D.regularly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。constantly“不斷地，時(shí)常地”；normally“正常地，通常地”；usually“通常，經(jīng)?！?；regularly“定期地”。根據(jù)空格前列舉的鍛煉帶來(lái)的各種好處及常識(shí)可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示“經(jīng)?！币饬x的詞，regularly與usually都有此意，但后者一般位于be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞后面，行為動(dòng)詞前，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

DuringtheinitialstagesofinstructedL2acquisitionstudentslearnacouplethousand,mainlyhighfrequencywords.Functionallanguageproficiency,however,requiresmasteryofaconsiderablylargernumberofwords.Itisthereforenecessaryattheintermediateandadvancedstagesoflanguageacquisitiontolearnalargevocabularyinashortperiodoftime.Thereisnotenoughtimetocopythenatural(largelyincidental)L1wordacquisitionprocess.Incidentalacquisitionofthewordsisonlypossibleuptoapoint,because,onaccountoftheirlowfrequency,theydonotoccuroftenenoughintheL2learningmaterial.

AcquisitionofnewwordsfromauthenticL2readingtextsbymeansofstrategiessuchascontextualdeductionisalsonotasolutionforanumberofreasons.Thereappearstobenoalternativetointentionallearningofagreatmanynewwordsinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Thewordstobelearnedmaybepresentedinisolationorincontext.Presentationinbilingualwordlistsseemsanattractiveshortcutbecauseittakeslesstimethancontextualpresentationandyieldsexcellentshorttermresults.Longtermretention,however,isoftendisappointingsocontextualpresentationseemsadvisable.

AnysuggestionsonhowtoimplementthisinpedagogiccontextsshouldbebasedonasystematicanalysisofthetwomostimportantaspectsoftheL2wordlearningproblem,thatistosay,selectingtherelevantvocabulary(whichandhowmanywords)andcreatingoptimalconditionsfortheacquisitionprocess.Thisarticlesetsouttodescribeacomputerassistedwordacquisitionprogramme(CAVOCA)whichtriestodopreciselythis:theprogrammeoperationalizescurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisition,anditscontentsarebasedonasystematicinventoryofthevocabularyrelevantforthetargetgroup.Toestablishitsefficiency,theprogrammewascontrastedinanumberofexperimentalsettingswithapairedassociatedmethodoflearningnewwords.Theexperimentalresultssuggestthatanapproachcombiningthetwomethodsismostadvisable.

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabulary

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywords

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetence

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentationinbilingualwordlists

B.contextualpresentation

C.presentationinisolation

D.attractivepresentation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofteaching

B.practical

C.following

D.difficult

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.selecttherelevantvocabulary

B.createoptimalconditions

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruse

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabulary

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.36.從作者在第一段所說(shuō)的，我們可以推斷______。

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabularyA.第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來(lái)擴(kuò)大詞匯量

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywordsB.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetenceC.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握大量的詞匯，以提高其功能語(yǔ)言能力

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttimeD.第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段，從第二句“功能語(yǔ)言熟練需要掌握大量的單詞”，以及第三句“因此，在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，可知，中高級(jí)學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得階段，必須掌握大量的詞匯，而功能語(yǔ)言也需要掌握大量單詞；綜合理解可推斷，中高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握大量的詞匯來(lái)提高功能語(yǔ)言能力。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“偶然習(xí)得這些單詞只有在一定程度上是可能的，因?yàn)樗鼈兂霈F(xiàn)的頻率很低”，可推斷A項(xiàng)“第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來(lái)擴(kuò)大詞匯量”是錯(cuò)誤的，反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到“學(xué)習(xí)大量詞匯”，“高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯”中的具體數(shù)字無(wú)法從文中推斷，無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞”中的impossible使用太絕對(duì)，而且也與原文相反，反向干擾。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.37.在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量詞匯最有效的方法之一可能是______。

A.presentationinbilingualwordlistsA.使用雙語(yǔ)單詞表

B.contextualpresentationB.情境呈現(xiàn)

C.presentationinisolationC.孤立地呈現(xiàn)

D.attractivepresentationD.吸引人的表達(dá)方式

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第二段主要描述的是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的各種方法及其可行性，根據(jù)第二段最后一句“……情境呈現(xiàn)似乎是可取的（contextualpresentationseemsadvisable）”，綜合理解可知，contextualpresentation（情境呈現(xiàn)）在掌握大量詞匯上是可行的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位至第二段最后兩句“用雙語(yǔ)單詞列表展示似乎是一個(gè)很有吸引力的捷徑，因?yàn)樗惹榫吵尸F(xiàn)花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更少，而且能產(chǎn)生優(yōu)秀的短期效果。然而，長(zhǎng)期留存率往往令人失望……”，從最后一句的however轉(zhuǎn)折可知，“使用雙語(yǔ)單詞表”不是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“孤立地呈現(xiàn)”雖然在第二段有提到，但是并沒(méi)有講述它是否是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“吸引人的表達(dá)方式”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?38.第三段中的“pedagogic”是什么意思？

A.ofteachingA.教學(xué)的

B.practicalB.實(shí)際的

C.followingC.接著的

D.difficultD.困難的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pedagogic定位至第三段第一句“任何關(guān)于如何在pedagogic情境中（inpedagogiccontexts）實(shí)施這一方法的建議，都應(yīng)以第二語(yǔ)言詞匯學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)極其重要的方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地分析為基礎(chǔ)”，其中pedagogic是修飾contexts（情境）；這一句是對(duì)上一段的銜接，上一段是討論了各種單詞習(xí)得的方法，最后得出“情境呈現(xiàn)（contextualpresentation）似乎是可取的”，而與情境呈現(xiàn)相關(guān)的是教學(xué)，所以推測(cè)pedagogic指“教學(xué)的”的意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的”、C選項(xiàng)“接著的”和D選項(xiàng)“困難的”屬于曲解原文。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.39.根據(jù)第三段，CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是______。

A.selecttherelevantvocabularyA.選擇適中的詞匯量

B.createoptimalconditionsB.創(chuàng)造最佳條件

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruseC.使當(dāng)前關(guān)于詞匯習(xí)得的理論思維得到更好的應(yīng)用

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabularyD.找出擴(kuò)大第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章第三段，第二句對(duì)CAVOCA有描述“本文主要介紹一種努力實(shí)現(xiàn)這一想法的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助單詞學(xué)習(xí)軟件（CAVOCA），其操作原理就是單詞學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)行理論，內(nèi)容就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目錄，涵蓋了那些學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)象需要的詞匯”，其中“這一想法”指的是第一句提到的“確定較為適中的詞匯量（哪些以及有多少單詞）并制定學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的最優(yōu)條件”，綜合理解可知，CAVOCA的目的就是實(shí)現(xiàn)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”這兩種方法，而這兩種屬于單詞習(xí)得的現(xiàn)行理論。綜上所述，可以推斷出CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是使當(dāng)前這兩種詞匯習(xí)得理論思維得以應(yīng)用。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”都不全面，以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“找出擴(kuò)大第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法”表述不正確，CAVOCA計(jì)劃是使詞匯習(xí)得的兩種理論辦法成為可行，而不是“找出辦法”，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.40.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是______。

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionA.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionB.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionC.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionD.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，定位首段和末段的核心句，首段第三句“在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，以及末段最后一句“實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，兩種方法相結(jié)合的方法是最合適的”，可知該篇文章講述的是提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法；另外第二段對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的有效辦法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述，所以文章的主旨就是“提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法”。根據(jù)第三段第二句“本文（Thisarticlesetsoutto）描述了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助詞匯習(xí)得程序……”，可知，這篇文章是在介紹另外一篇文章，所以推斷這是一篇文章的摘要。綜合理解可知，D選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要”最適合文章標(biāo)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得”和B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要”概括不全面，以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法”對(duì)文章體裁表述不正確，曲解原文。

5.單選題

Ipreferhisplantoyours,______itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhich

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：與你的計(jì)劃相比，我更喜歡他的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗鼘?shí)際，也更容易實(shí)施。inthat是固定搭配，意為“因?yàn)椤?，相?dāng)于forthereasonthat,because，可用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。其他三項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Althoughtheyareaninexpensivesupplierofvitamins,minerals,andhigh-qualityprotein,eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.Thisknowledgehascausedeggsalestoplummetinrecentyears,whichinturnhasbroughtaboutthedevelopmentofseveralalternativestoeatingregulareggs.Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.Theseeggsubstituteshavinglowercholesterolrates,andtheycanbescrambledorusedinbaking.Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.Asecondalternativetoregulareggsisanewtypeofegg,sometimescalled“designer”eggs.Theseeggsareproducedbyhensthatarefedlow-fatdietsconsistingofingredientssuchascanolaoil,flax,andricebean.Inspiteoftheirdiets,however,thesehensproduceeggsthatcontainthesameamountofcholesterolasregulareggs.Yet,theproducersoftheseeggsclaimthateatingtheireggswillnotraisethebloodcholesterolinhumans.

Eggproducersclaimthattheirproducthasbeenportrayedunfairly.Theycitescientificstudiestobackuptheirclaim.And,infact,studiesontherelationshipbetweeneggsandhumancholesterollevelshavebroughtmixedresults.Itmaybethatitisnotthetypeofeggthatisthemaindeterminantofcholesterolbutthepersonwhoiseatingtheeggs.Somepeoplemaybemoresensitivetocholesterolderivedfromfoodthanotherpeople.Infact,thereisevidencethatcertaindietaryfatsstimulatethebody'sproductionofbloodcholesterol.Consequently,whileitstillmakessensetolimitone'sintakeofeggs,evendesignereggs,itseemsthatdoingthiswithoutregulatingdietaryfatwillprobablynothelpreducethebloodcholesterollevel.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacauseofheartdisease?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenthecauseforchangesinthesaleofeggs?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneeggyolkcontainsapproximatelywhatfractionofthesuggesteddailylimitforhumanconsumptionofcholesterol?

5.Accordingtothepassage,eggsubstitutescannotbeusedtomakeanyofthefollowingtypesofeggsEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toinformpeopleabouttherelationshipbetweeneggsandcholesterol

B.toconvincepeopletoeat“designer”eggsandeggsubstitutes

C.topersuadepeoplethateggsareunhealthyandshouldnotbeeaten

D.tointroducetheideathatdietaryfatincreasesthebloodcholesterollevel

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.minerals

B.cholesterol

C.vitamins

D.canolaoil

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.dietarychangesinhens

B.decreasedproduction

C.increasingprice

D.ashrinkingmarket

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.l/3

B.l/2

C.2/3

D.3/4

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.scrambled

B.fried

C.poached

D.boiled

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講的是雞蛋里面含有膽固醇，對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生影響，所以本文的目的是告訴人們雞蛋和膽固醇之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“...eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.”雞蛋也含有高水平的血液膽固醇，是心臟病的主要原因之一。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段二三四句“Oneeggyolk,...Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.”事實(shí)上，一個(gè)蛋黃的膽固醇含量?jī)H略高于建議的每日膽固醇上限的三分之二。這一認(rèn)識(shí)導(dǎo)致雞蛋銷(xiāo)量近年來(lái)直線(xiàn)下降，這反過(guò)來(lái)又帶來(lái)了幾種食用普通雞蛋的替代品的開(kāi)發(fā)。一種選擇是吃雞蛋替代品。由此可知，是因?yàn)槭褂昧颂娲罚械氖袌?chǎng)萎縮了，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.”一個(gè)蛋黃的膽固醇含量?jī)H略高于建議的每日膽固醇上限的三分之二。選項(xiàng)中高于三分之二的只有3/4，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prestige“威信”；B選項(xiàng)regime“政體”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個(gè)給予強(qiáng)者顯赫聲望的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)覺(jué)得自己無(wú)用，不被社會(huì)需要。本句表示強(qiáng)者獲得威望。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Wouldn'titbeeasiertomoveaboutonthe（

）ofthecrowdthantosqueezeinthemiddle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consent

B.heads

C.fringe

D.recreation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。consent“同意；準(zhǔn)許”；head“頭；最前的部分”；fringe“邊緣；劉海；外圍”；recreation“娛樂(lè)；消遣；休養(yǎng)”。句意：難道在人群的外圍移動(dòng)不比在人群中擠來(lái)擠去容易嗎？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.填空題

Apersonwhois（）（conscious）isnotawareofwhatisgoingonaroundhimorher.

【答案】unconscious

【解析】由“notawareof”可知應(yīng)將conscious變成unconscious.

10.單選題

“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.

GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.

Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.

Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.

1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.

2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans

（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeritsofbiotechnology

B.thesignificanceofnewtechnology

C.theprospectoftheInternet

D.thesequencingofhumangenome

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.getridof

B.advocatefor

C.makeuseof

D.scrapethrough

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternet

B.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwar

C.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunication

D.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.（然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來(lái)了最狂野的樂(lè)觀(guān)。）可知C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的前景”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第二段中的digitalcommunicationswillbring"computer-aidedpeace"which"mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups"（數(shù)字通信將帶來(lái)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助和平”，這“有助于……未來(lái)民族仇恨的爆發(fā)和民族分裂的爆發(fā)”）可知“staveoff”為動(dòng)詞詞組，which引導(dǎo)后面的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞computer-aidedpeace，根據(jù)“和平”的含義，可推測(cè)此處指減少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆發(fā)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict...AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以用來(lái)鼓吹沖突……盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)無(wú)可否認(rèn)地促進(jìn)了交流，但它不會(huì)結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）可知D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的本質(zhì)就是倡導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

11.單選題

Hardly（

）whenaloudexplosionwasheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetrainhadstarted

B.thetrainhadbeenstarted

C.hadthetrainstarted

D.didthetrainstart

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:在沒(méi)有發(fā)出巨響的爆炸聲前，火車(chē)很難啟動(dòng)。

Hardly是一個(gè)否定詞位于句首,故用倒裝。這里是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

12.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗凈，沖洗”；B選項(xiàng)blush“（因?qū)擂位蚝π撸┠樇t，（因某事）羞愧，尷尬”；C選項(xiàng)brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項(xiàng)brush“壓壞，壓碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked（污水管塞住了）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義，表示用水沖洗。句意：污水管塞住了，試著用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來(lái)做。

13.單選題

Somerobotsmay______applythesetechniquestoinstallanewnetworkthereinthenearfuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceivably

B.unbelievable

C.unimaginably

D.unthinkably

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是”，B項(xiàng)unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”，C項(xiàng)unimaginably“難以想象地”，D項(xiàng)unthinkably“無(wú)法接受地”。句子的意思是“在不久的將來(lái)，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來(lái)安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，那么由此可知，這種情況是“不敢想象地”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：在不久的將來(lái)，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)意想不到地應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來(lái)安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

14.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【參考譯文】

對(duì)于那些玩科學(xué)游戲的人來(lái)說(shuō)，用什么方法來(lái)確定相信什么至關(guān)重要。他們必須評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)和論點(diǎn)，并自己判斷其正確性?？茖W(xué)家在與他人交流時(shí)，需要讓聽(tīng)者相信他們的數(shù)據(jù)陳述及其對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解釋的正確性。如果他們以自己的個(gè)性或威望贏(yíng)得支持，就沒(méi)有遵循正確的游戲之道。在短期內(nèi)，科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)基于聲望而追隨另一個(gè)科學(xué)家，但這種情況不可能無(wú)限期地持續(xù)下去。聽(tīng)者應(yīng)該評(píng)估科學(xué)家所說(shuō)的，而不是因?yàn)樗麄冋f(shuō)了就接受。而這一事業(yè)的頂級(jí)目標(biāo)是確定解釋到了觀(guān)測(cè)到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系有助于確?？茖W(xué)家的完整性。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，就可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)得到嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋?zhuān)到y(tǒng)將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。科學(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任根據(jù)手頭的證據(jù)，自行做出對(duì)一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的或社會(huì)的）取決于權(quán)威的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

15.單選題

"Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?"

"Idon'tknow.Butit'sabouttime______onsomething."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.I'ddecide

B.Idecided

C.Idecide

D.I'mdeciding

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itisabouttimethat是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，that從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.

B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.

C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.

D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.

B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.

C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.

D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.

B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.

C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.

D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.

B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.

C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.

D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.

Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.

Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.

[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?

Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.

Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.

Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是錄音中給出的關(guān)于過(guò)度合作的信息。錄音開(kāi)頭提到過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)成為一個(gè)好的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員會(huì)對(duì)職業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，這里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即問(wèn)題中所說(shuō)的beingovercollaborative,因此C選項(xiàng)“可能阻礙個(gè)人職業(yè)發(fā)展”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“它可能給團(tuán)隊(duì)成員帶來(lái)太大壓力”；B選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)損害當(dāng)今的職場(chǎng)文化”和D選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們不愿意冒險(xiǎn)”在錄音中均未提及。

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于參與合作項(xiàng)目的人，說(shuō)話(huà)者說(shuō)了什么？錄音提到，合作會(huì)使個(gè)人能力和個(gè)人貢獻(xiàn)更難被外人發(fā)現(xiàn)（makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify）。D選項(xiàng)“他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的貢獻(xiàn)很難被識(shí)別出來(lái)”與之表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎不能表達(dá)他們?cè)瓉?lái)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)”，錄音說(shuō)的是“他們太過(guò)隱藏自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)”（toosilentabouttheirownpointofview），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；錄音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并沒(méi)有提到“合作”對(duì)創(chuàng)造力和動(dòng)力的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們最終可能會(huì)失去信心和創(chuàng)造力”和C選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)變得更沒(méi)有動(dòng)力去做自己的項(xiàng)目”均不正確。

24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)人們從團(tuán)隊(duì)合作中得到什么益處？錄音提到，在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作有很大的好處——團(tuán)隊(duì)也許會(huì)多次獲得成功，并經(jīng)常獲得認(rèn)可，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員便有更多的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)擴(kuò)大其職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)（expandyourprofessionalnetwork），因此B選項(xiàng)“他們可以擴(kuò)大自己的職業(yè)圈子”與之表述相符。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能有機(jī)會(huì)從事研究工作”這一信息在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以更容易地完成項(xiàng)目”，錄音中沒(méi)有對(duì)比個(gè)人項(xiàng)目和團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目哪個(gè)更容易完成，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“他們可以充分利用自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)”，利用錄音中的expertise設(shè)置干擾，錄音中指的是與專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)互補(bǔ)的人合作（Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise），而不是利用自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)為什么花太多時(shí)間以求達(dá)成共識(shí)會(huì)令人討厭？錄音最后提到，當(dāng)我們過(guò)度合作時(shí)，會(huì)希望每個(gè)人都同意某個(gè)決定，而這會(huì)造成不必要的延誤（createunnecessarydelays），也就是說(shuō)“可能會(huì)妨礙我們及時(shí)做出決定”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)在團(tuán)隊(duì)中引起很多爭(zhēng)論”在錄音中未提及；C選項(xiàng)“可能剝奪團(tuán)隊(duì)的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”，主要是利用錄音中的opportunitiesforadvancement（晉升機(jī)會(huì)）和groupprojectopportunity（團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目機(jī)會(huì)）設(shè)干擾，但這些不等同于C選項(xiàng)中的businessopportunities（商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)），因此C選項(xiàng)不能選；D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多不必要的費(fèi)用”在錄音中也沒(méi)有信息提及。

17.單選題

（）thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved，wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Given

C.Unless

D.Evenif

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新的融資計(jì)劃被批準(zhǔn),我們很快就會(huì)有更多的錢(qián)建造體育館。given鑒于，考慮到...符合句意。

18.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀(jì)末,中國(guó)開(kāi)始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立之后,在各級(jí)政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國(guó)師范教育進(jìn)入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的希望在教育,教師隊(duì)伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對(duì)教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊(duì)伍的國(guó)家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeven