考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hemanagedtostayinpowerforoverfiveyears,（）allthecriticismandthepressureonhimtoresign.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstanding

B.withholding

C.withdrawing

D.witnessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似動(dòng)詞辨析。withstand“抵擋，禁得起，反抗”；withhold“克制，忍住”；withdraw“取款；回收；撤退”；witness“目擊”。句意：他成功掌權(quán)五年多，經(jīng)受住了各種批判和要他下臺(tái)的壓力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)（挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)。一項(xiàng)新的法律限制了人們只能在漫長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探；制定了生產(chǎn)限額（盡管已經(jīng)提高））可知B選項(xiàng)“減緩它的發(fā)展速度”正確；第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers（石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過(guò)一定數(shù)量）可知A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”和原文相悖；C選項(xiàng)“出售它在國(guó)外生產(chǎn)的石油”以及D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”為原文所提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.（挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)）以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.（但石油行業(yè)有一種克服這些問(wèn)題的方法，很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期維持現(xiàn)狀）可以推測(cè)出政府努力維持現(xiàn)狀，選D選項(xiàng)“保持石油工業(yè)接近目前規(guī)模”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”和C選項(xiàng)“幫助石油公司解決許多問(wèn)題”與原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“阻止石油公司雇傭來(lái)自挪威北部的人”原文未提及，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.（但是石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始把人們吸引到南方，不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策可能會(huì)崩潰）可知選C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展方案的失敗”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”以及B選項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)”和原文相悖；D選項(xiàng)“新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.（然而，石油工業(yè)的影響將不限于北方。由于將近百分之百就業(yè)率，每個(gè)人都能看出一種發(fā)展中的情況：服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的大部分工人會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去）可知南方服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的工人們會(huì)進(jìn)入石油行業(yè)，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量減少，選C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量的減少”，A選項(xiàng)“大量減少失業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)”以及D選項(xiàng)“一些服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展”和原文相悖。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.（雖然農(nóng)民和漁民并不占人口的絕大部分，但他們卻是人口的重要組成部分，因?yàn)榕餐嗽谒麄兩砩峡吹搅嗽S多他們引以為傲的挪威人的基本品質(zhì)）可知選B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表著挪威的理想”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威理想的很大一部分”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有用”原文未提及；最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.（農(nóng)民和漁民對(duì)石油工業(yè)最為不滿，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村和海洋造成損害）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為石油是對(duì)挪威生活方式的威脅”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Althoughthecolonists（

）tosomeextentwiththenativeAmericans,theIndiansinfluenceonAmericancultureandlanguagewasnotextensive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.migrated

B.matched

C.mingled

D.melted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。migrate“移居，使移植”；match“匹配”；mingle“混合，交往”；melt“融化”。句意：盡管殖民地居民在很大程度上與當(dāng)?shù)孛绹?guó)人混雜而居，但是印第安人對(duì)美國(guó)文化和語(yǔ)言的影響比較少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛(ài)的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“為慶?！保籅選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與…形成對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾是對(duì)兩篇新聞報(bào)道的描述，每一篇都有一個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)與另一篇形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Hisbirthdaywas（）inabighotelandattendedbyabout200people.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspected

B.installed

C.celebrated

D.interfered

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知句中是指慶祝生日，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。inspect調(diào)查，檢查；install安裝；interfere干涉，妨礙。

7.單選題

Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obligation

B.conviction

C.instruction

D.presentation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。obligation意為“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”；conviction意為“定罪，深信”；instruction意為“授課”；presentation意為“提交，報(bào)告”。

句意：學(xué)校承諾將班級(jí)縮小，并提供更加個(gè)性化的授課。

8.單選題

4.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fullnessinthestomach.

B.Occasionalstomachache.

C.Stomachdistention.

D.Frequentbelches.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howlonghaveyoubeenhavingthisproblem?

W:ItstartedinJune,soformorethan5monthsnow.Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways.

Q:Whatdoesthewomancomplainof?

【解析】推斷題。女士說(shuō)：Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways（進(jìn)食后胃部會(huì)有疼痛的時(shí)候，但并非常態(tài)）。

9.單選題

Maryonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:瑪麗曾經(jīng)和另一個(gè)音樂(lè)家共同創(chuàng)作了一首流行曲。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge結(jié)合，融入；collaborate合作，協(xié)作；coincide符合，一致;constitute構(gòu)成，組成。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項(xiàng)aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項(xiàng)assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問(wèn)”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因?yàn)樗唤淌依锏脑胍艉椭v話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級(jí)的，最初的”，指處于初級(jí)或低級(jí)狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門(mén)階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識(shí)或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級(jí)的”指在正式開(kāi)始舉某活動(dòng)之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動(dòng)。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫(huà)了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫(huà)肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

12.單選題

commutationviathetelegraphbeganinthe1840s,justbeforetheCivilWar,andviathetelephonejustafterward(1870s).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Instantaneous

B.Spontaneous

C.Simultaneous

D.Instinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instantaneous“瞬間的”；spontaneous“自發(fā)的”；simultaneous“同時(shí)的”；instinctive“本能的”。句意：通過(guò)電報(bào)進(jìn)行的同時(shí)通訊始于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前的19世紀(jì)40年代，后來(lái)（19世紀(jì)70年代）很快開(kāi)始通過(guò)電話進(jìn)行同時(shí)通訊。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Theabilitytofocusattentiononimportantthingsisa（）characteristicofintelligence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.declining

B.defining

C.deceiving

D.defending

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)declining“下滑的；衰退的；傾斜的”；B選項(xiàng)defining“最典型的；起決定性作用的”；C選項(xiàng)deceiving“欺騙性的”；D選項(xiàng)defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一個(gè)（）特征。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比較合理。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項(xiàng)promise“諾言，許諾”；C選項(xiàng)certificate“證明書(shū)”；D選項(xiàng)receipt“收據(jù)，收條”。根據(jù)maintenance（維修）可知A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。句意：記得為這些商品要一份質(zhì)量保修單，否則他們不會(huì)提供任何維修服務(wù)。

15.單選題

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproducesintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof

（

）.

5.Thewords"priorto"(Para.2)probablymean（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowaskingeconomicuseofwastes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出未來(lái)的水問(wèn)題將變得更加嚴(yán)重和復(fù)雜，尤其是污水問(wèn)題。接下來(lái)在二三段主要講解決污水問(wèn)題的方法。所以本文主要的目的是為了讓人們了解污水問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“..increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.”可知選項(xiàng)B和C有涉及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.”可知選項(xiàng)D有涉及。只有選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有信息提及。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.”其他行業(yè)正在探索廢棄產(chǎn)物的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)用途。選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致。

4.判斷推理題。從全文來(lái)看，作者只是在表達(dá)個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)以及陳述個(gè)人觀察的結(jié)果:介紹水污染及其解決辦法，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”應(yīng)該是在“disposal”之前，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.單選題

Inmostpeople'smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans…what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancementsofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccounttorthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmedonwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

2.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that（）.

3.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity（）.

5.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion"Doweneedgrowthforprosperity"is（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

B.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman'sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.positive

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)文章第一段第三句"Equallyaxiomatic,...,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation."同樣不言自明的是,對(duì)日益減少的自然資源施加越來(lái)越大的壓力必然導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落,特別是在伴隨人口增長(zhǎng)的情況下。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文二三段的內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段提出問(wèn)題：富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是否導(dǎo)致了第三世界國(guó)家的貧困,而不是進(jìn)步？如果不是這樣的話,那么又怎么解釋這些國(guó)家為什么在致力于增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)世紀(jì)之后,今天仍處于絕望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段給出了答案,這種增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有給這些國(guó)家的人們帶來(lái)好處,而是讓外國(guó)投資者及少數(shù)本地合作者獲益。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的人們并無(wú)好處,因?yàn)樗麄兊霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品是為了出口,礦產(chǎn)和其他資源被剝奪,而他們卻要背負(fù)沉重的外債,這只會(huì)讓國(guó)外投資者和少數(shù)本地人獲益。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的一二句"So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer."我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎?采用零增長(zhǎng)也可以保持社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,作者對(duì)增長(zhǎng)持否定的態(tài)度,因?yàn)樵鲩L(zhǎng)給第三世界國(guó)家以及環(huán)境帶來(lái)了種種危害,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

17.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困，包圍”；A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查，測(cè)量”，C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項(xiàng)surrender“投降，放棄”。句意：從羅馬淪陷開(kāi)始的那個(gè)月，也見(jiàn)證了其他城市的淪陷，德國(guó)要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

18.單選題

InAmerican’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,GideonV.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairtrialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircriminal-justicesystem—thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretreatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense—abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyor,ifthatfails,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.

“Wehaveawealth-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRight.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughter-house.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”

Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemadeheroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolice,prosecutorsandprisonshassteadilyclimbedinthepastdecade,increasingthenumberofpeoplechargedandimprisoned,spendingonindigentdefensehasnotkeptpace,overwhelminganalreadyhard-pressedsystem.

1.Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.

3.Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatistheauthor’sspecificpurposeinwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.criminal

C.poverty-stricken

D.innocent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyer

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourt

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeople

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toappealformorepublicspendingoncourtdefenseforthepoor.

B.TocriticizeAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem.

C.TodrawattentiontotheinjusticeoftheAmericanlegalsystem.

D.Tomakeasuggestiononhowtomendthecriminal-justicesystem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.“indigent”（第一段）這個(gè)詞最有可能的意思是____。

A.wealthyA.富有的

B.criminalB.有罪的

C.poverty-strickenC.非常貧困的

D.innocentD.無(wú)辜的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞indigent和Paragraph1定位到原文第一段第三句，該句提到“最高法院一致裁定，____的被告必須由國(guó)家出資聘請(qǐng)律師（beprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense），因?yàn)樵趪?yán)重的刑事案件中，沒(méi)有律師就不可能有公平的審判?！蓖ㄟ^(guò)這類被告需要“由國(guó)家出資聘請(qǐng)律師”可知，他們自己是請(qǐng)不起律師的，因此，C選項(xiàng)“非常貧困的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“富有的”、B選項(xiàng)“有罪的”、D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)辜的”，均不能從原文找到依據(jù)。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.從文章中可以推斷，O.J.Simpson可能是____。

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyerA.一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無(wú)罪的人

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpenseB.一個(gè)因?yàn)閲?guó)家出錢請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourtC.被拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeopleD.他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞O.J.Simpson定位到原文第一段第二句，該句提到“問(wèn)O.J.Simpson?！北径蔚谝痪涮岬健霸诿绹?guó)激烈的對(duì)抗性法律體系中，優(yōu)秀的律師是必不可少的（agoodlawyerisessential）?！备鶕?jù)文章行文邏輯可知，本段先提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)（第一句），再通過(guò)Simpson的例子說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)（第二句）。由此推斷，Simpson應(yīng)該是一名因?yàn)檎?qǐng)到了一名優(yōu)秀的律師而勝訴的人，A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無(wú)罪的人”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)閲?guó)家出錢請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人”，“國(guó)家出錢請(qǐng)了律師”是后文的內(nèi)容，并且這個(gè)案件的當(dāng)事人是GideonV.Wainwright，這個(gè)內(nèi)容與Simpson無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“被拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司”，原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)說(shuō)明Simpson是個(gè)律師，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?作者如何看待美國(guó)的對(duì)抗性法律制度？

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.A.它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)。

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.B.它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)。

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.C.事實(shí)上，它對(duì)富人有利，但對(duì)窮人不利。

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.D.這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞America’sadversariallegalsystem定位到原文第三段。本段第1句提到“我們有一個(gè)以財(cái)富為基礎(chǔ)的（awealth-basedsystem）司法體系”；第2-3句提到“對(duì)富人來(lái)說(shuō)，它是鍍金的（gold-plated）。對(duì)于一般的窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，這就像被趕到屠宰場(chǎng)一樣（beingherdedtotheslaughter-house）。在許多地方，對(duì)窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)抗性法律制度幾乎不存在?！庇纱丝芍?，這個(gè)以財(cái)富為基礎(chǔ)的制度對(duì)于花了很多錢的富人來(lái)說(shuō)還是有利的，對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)是不利的，C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，它對(duì)富人有利，但對(duì)窮人不利”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“當(dāng)時(shí)，這一決定被譽(yù)為正義的勝利，體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)致力于法律面前人人平等的理想?！庇纱丝芍?，原文“法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)”指的是“最高法院關(guān)于貧窮的被告必須由國(guó)家出資聘請(qǐng)律師的決定”。并且原文第二段第二句提到“事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此”。因此，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)”，可定位到原文第二段第一句。該句提到“這是大多數(shù)美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的刑事司法系統(tǒng)的印象（theimage）——世界上最公平的（thefairestintheworld）……”本段第二句提到“事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此”。因此，作者并不認(rèn)為美國(guó)的司法體系是世界上最公平的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革”，作者雖然在原文中表達(dá)了這種體系不公平的觀點(diǎn)，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)要進(jìn)行徹底的改革，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.A.律師經(jīng)常以低報(bào)酬甚至不要報(bào)酬努力為窮人提供辯護(hù)。

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.B.隨著犯罪率的上升，美國(guó)的政客們對(duì)犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了。

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.C.在美國(guó)，如果一個(gè)人拒絕接受下級(jí)法院的判決，他總是可以向最高法院上訴。

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.D.政府提供的律師往往會(huì)走一遍辯護(hù)的程序，并且結(jié)果是他們無(wú)法與檢察官匹敵。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】題干要求選擇表